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www.medando.de
Programming Mobile Apps with
Python
Andreas Schreiber
EuroPython 2012, Florence, Italy (July 3, 2012)
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Medando – Mobile Health Apps
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My Blood Pressure
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Overview
• Apps and Statistics
• Apps, Hardware, Markets
• Early Mobile Development with Python
• Nokia, Windows Mobile / CE
• Current Mobile Development with Python
• Android, iOS, Windows Phone
• Everything else…
• Other systems, summary, conclusions
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Mobile Apps
What is a mobile app?
• A software designed to run on smartphones, tablet computers, and other
mobile devices
• Limited memory, small screens, touch UI, battery efficient
• Runs on mobile operating systems
• Available through application distribution platforms
• Apps are either free or paid
• “App” was Word of the Year in 2010 (USA)
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Smartphones
What is a smartphone?
• Mobile phone based on a mobile
operating platform
• Combination of
• PDA functions, camera, media player, Web browser, …
• Equipped with
• Touch screen, high-speed networking (Wi-Fi, mobile
broadband), GPS, NFC, acceleration sensors, …
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Tablet Computers
What is a Tablet?
• A mobile computer that is
larger than a smartphone
• Built as touch screen device
• Virtual keyboard, sometimes
stylus or digital pen
• Mostly based on x86 or ARM
architectures
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Mobile Operating Systems
Popular mobile operating systems
• Android
• Apple iOS
• Windows Phone / Mobile / CE
• RIM BlackBerry
• Nokia OS / Symbian
• Samsung Bada
• …
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Market Share: Smartphone Sales
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone
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App Distribution
• Application Distribution Platforms
• Google Play
• Apple App Store
• Windows Phone Marketplace
(and Windows Marketplace for Mobile)
• BlackBerry App World
• Nokia Ovi Store
• Many more
• Cross-platform, manufacturer-specific,
carrier-specific, …
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Apps in the iOS App Store
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/App_Store_(iOS)
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Apps in the Android Market / Google Play
0
100.000
200.000
300.000
400.000
500.000
600.000
700.000
Google Play Apps
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Apps in Google Play
0
5.000.000.000
10.000.000.000
15.000.000.000
20.000.000.000
25.000.000.000
Google Play Downloads
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Apps in the Windows Phone Marketplace
Source: http://www.windowsphoneapplist.com
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So Many Apps…
… but almost none of them
are developed in Python!
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Early Mobile Development with Python
• Symbian
• Window Mobile / CE
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Symbian
Symbian OS
• Operating system for smartphones and PDAs
• Micro kernel, 32bit, single user
• GUI-centric application framework
S60
• User interface for smartphones
Programming for Symbian
• C++, Java, Web Widgets
• (Flash Lite), (Python)
A schematic diagram of the S60 platform architecture.
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Python for S60 (PyS60)
• Python port for S60 platform
• Developed by Nokia, but development has stopped
• Open-Source-License (Apache Version 2)
• Stable Release
• Last release: 1.4.5 (27.01.2009)
• Available on SourceForge
http://sourceforge.net/projects/pys60
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“Hello World”
import appuifw
appuifw.app.title = u„Hello World"
appuifw.note(u"Hello World!", 'info')
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Starting a Python Interpreter
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Running Scripts
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Interactive Console
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Source Code Template
1. Importing modules
2. Setting screen size
3. Applications menu
4. Set. exit key handler
(Callback function)
5. Setting app title
6. Application body
7. Active Objects
8. Main Loop
Complete template: http://www.mobilenin.com/pys60/resources/app_skeleton_with_mainloop.py
import appuifw
import e32
appuifw.app.screen = 'normal'
def item1():
print "item1 was selected.”
appuifw.app.menu = [(u"item 1", item1)]
def quit():
appuifw.app.set_exit()
app.exit_key_handler=quit
appuifw.app.title = u'Simple Application'
app_lock = e32.Ao_lock()
# starts scheduler -> event processing
app_lock.wait()
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Example „Location Based Service“
import location
HOME_CELL_ID = u"98521779" # my home in Cologne, Germany
WIFE = u"+49173247****“ # cell phone number of my wife
entries = [u"can’t wait to see you!",
u"I’m hungry.",
u"I’m in a bad mood."]
listbox = appuifw.Listbox(entries, shout)
home = 0
while home == 0:
country, provider, lac, cell = location.gsm_location()
if (cell== HOME_CELL_ID):
home = 1
message = u"Will be at home in a moment and %s" % mood
messaging.sms_send(WIFE, message)
Send SMS to someone if certain cell is near (using GSM Cell ID)
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Example „OpenGL“
http://tinyurl.com/pys60cube
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Windows Mobile / CE
Windows Mobile
• Operating system for smartphones
• Based on Windows CE kernel
• Implemented in C
Programming for Windows Mobile
• Visual C++ (native code)
• .NET framework
• Tcl-Tk (with eTcl)
• Python with PythonCE
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Python CE
• Python port for Windows CE
• Python CE: http://pythonce.sourceforge.net/
• Outdated since 2007
# Send a quick popup message to the user
import win32sys
win32sys.MessageBox(0, "My Message", "My Title", 1)
win32sys.MessageBeep()
# Launch another CE application
import win32sh
win32sh.ShellExecuteEx(0, 0, "", "\\Windows\\calc.exe",
"", "\\Windows", 1)
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Current Mobile Development with Python
• Android
• iOS
• Windows Phone
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Android
Android
• Linux-based operating system for mobile devices
• Developed by the Open Handset Alliance, led by Google
• Open Source, Apache License
• Kernel based on Linux-kernel
• Libraries and APIs written in C
• Application Framework in Java
• Java VM Dalvik with JIT
• Hardware platform: ARM
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Programming Android
• Apps are usually developed in Java
• Software development tools
• Android Software Development Kit
• Native Development Kit
• App Inventor for Android
• Simple project and Basic4android
• some others
• Python!?
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Python for Android
Several options
• Scripting Layer for Android (SL4A)
• Python for Android (Py4A)
• Kivy
• PySide for Android
• PyGame
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Scripting Layer for Android (SL4A)
• Executes scripts and interactive interpreters on Android
• Access to many APIs
• Support for
• Python
• Perl
• Ruby
• Lua
• BeanShell
• JavaScript
• Tcl
• Available on Google Code:
http://code.google.com/p/android-scripting
Source: Practical Android Projects by Lucas Jordan and Pieter Greyling
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Scripting Layer for Android (SL4A)
• Support for some UI elements: Dialogs, Toasts, Progressbar, …
• Interactive console
Source: Practical Android Projects by Lucas Jordan and Pieter Greyling
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Scripting Layer for Android (SL4A)
• Scripts
• Sharing via barcodes or APKs
• Hello Word:
import android
droid = android.Android()
droid.makeToast('Hello, Android!')
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Python for Android (Py4A)
• Python interpreter for Android
• CPython, cross-compiled for Android
• Used in SL4A
• Access to many Android APIs
• Native UI support not complete
• Website: http://code.google.com/p/python-for-android/
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Building an App
• To build a stand-alone app, the Python for Android interpreter must be
included in an APK
• Project: http://code.google.com/p/android-python27/
• Template files
• Build files
• Basically requires to change Java code to add your own script
public static final String
PYTHON_MAIN_SCRIPT_NAME = "hello.py";
public static final String
PYTHON_PROJECT_ZIP_NAME = "my_python_project.zip";
File: GlobalConstants.java
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Kivy
• Cross platform framework for innovative user interfaces
• Multi-touch
• Runs on Android, iOS, Linux, Windows, Mac OSX
• Graphics engines uses OpenGL ES2
• Open Source
• Website: http://kivy.org
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Kivy Hello World
from kivy.app import App
from kivy.uix.button import Button
class TestApp(App):
def build(self):
return Button(text='Hello World')
TestApp().run()
Source: Kivy Website kivy.org
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See Kivy Poster Outside…
Poster by Mathieu Virbel
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PySide for Android
• For writing GUI applications for Android using Python
• Based on
• Python for Android (Py4A)
• Qt for Android (Necessitas)
• Python bindings for Qt (PySide)
• Website: http://thp.io/2011/pyside-android/
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PySide for Android Example
import sys
import traceback
def main():
from PySide.QtCore import *
from PySide.QtGui import *
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
w = QLabel('Hello World!')
w.show()
app.exec_()
if __name__=="__main__":
main()
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Pygame Subset for Android
• Subset of Pygame for the Android platform
• Good for developing simple games
• Website: http://pygame.renpy.org/
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iOS
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Apple iOS
iOS
• Mobile operating system by Apple
• Multi-touch user interface
• OS layer: Core OS layer, Core Services,
Media layer, Cocoa Touch layer
Programming iOS
• Apps are written in Objective-C
• Software Development Kit and IDE Xcode
• Python on iOS almost not possible
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Python for iOS – A Python IDE for the iOS
http://pythonforios.com/
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Python for iOS – On iPhone
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Python for iOS – On iPad
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Python for iOS – On iPad
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Python for iOS – On iPad
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Kivy
• You can publish Kivy Apps
in the Apple App Store
• No dynamic linking
• First App: Deflectouch
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Windows Phone
Windows Phone
• Mobile operating system by Microsoft
• Successor to Windows Mobile
Programming for Windows Phone
• Apps must be based on XNA or Silverlight
• Windows Phone Developer Tools
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IronPython
IronPython
• Python implementation for the .NET platform
• Since version 2.7.2 (March 2012):
• Preliminary support for Windows Phone 7.5
• No documentation yet
• http://blog.ironpython.net/2012/03/whats-new-in-ironpython-272.html
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Everything else…
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Other Mobile Devices
Many other devices with Apps
• Livescribe
• Amazon Kindle
• No Python support
• Maybe support via Jython
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Summary
Symbian Android iOS Windows
Phone
Python
support
Yes Yes, with
restrictions
Via Kivy Not now
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Comparison Matrix by Thomas Perl (@thp4)
Source: http://thp.io/2012/mobile-matrix/
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Questions?
@onyame
Conclusions
• Python on mobile phone not ready for production
development of apps
• Some solutions for scripting and interactive interpretation