Perl 6 data structures

syntax (tidbits and cornder cases) of Perl 6 scalars, array and hashes

Transcript

1. Perl 6 Data Structures
2. Herbert Breunung
3. CPAN: lichtkind
4. Kephra 0.4.3.32
5. Kephra Logo
6. As Hieroglyph
7. Mansfelder Land
8. Mansfelder Land
9. Egypt aka Khem
10. Got A Camel
11. Became Velociraptor
12. Camelia
13. Camelia
15. Cockaigne
16. Holy Grail
17. Beauty And Order
18. Data Structures
20. @rrays And %ashes
21. $calars Too
22. Every Day Perl 5 @cities = ('roma', 'milano', 'turino');
23. Perl 5 & 6 @cities = ('roma', 'milano', 'turino');
24. Perl 5 @cities = qw(roma milano turino);
25. Perl 6 @cities = qw(roma milano turino); @cities = <roma milano turino>;
26. With Interpolation Like “ “ @cities = qw(roma milano turino); @cities = <roma milano turino>; @cities = <<roma milano $city>>;
27. Perl 5 & 6 @cities = ('roma', 'milano', 'turino');
28. Still P5 & P6 @cities = ('roma', 'milano', 'turino'); @cities = 'roma', 'milano', 'turino';
29. Braces Now Just Group @cities = ('roma', 'milano', 'turino'); @cities = 'roma', 'milano', 'turino';
30. Item Context $cities = ('roma', 'milano', 'turino'); $cities = 'roma', 'milano', 'turino';
31. Item Context # Parcel() $cities = ('roma', 'milano', 'turino'); # Str() $cities = 'roma', 'milano', 'turino';
32. What Is Str ? # Parcel() $cities = ('roma', 'milano', 'turino'); # Str() - 'roma' is a string $cities = 'roma', 'milano', 'turino';
33. Just the first value? # Parcel() $cities = ('roma', 'milano', 'turino'); # $a, $b, $c = 1, 2, 3; $cities = 'roma', 'milano', 'turino';
34. What is a Parcel ? # Parcel – type of a signiture $cities = ('roma', 'milano', 'turino'); # Str() $cities = 'roma', 'milano', 'turino';
35. () reminds you on what? # Parcel – like in function(1,2,3); $cities = ('roma', 'milano', 'turino'); # Str() $cities = 'roma', 'milano', 'turino';
36. Parcel # have positional and named args $cities = ('roma', 'milano', 'turino'); # Str() $cities = 'roma', 'milano', 'turino';
37. Container Types # Array() $cities = ['roma', 'milano', 'turino']; # Parcel() $cities = ('roma', 'milano', 'turino');
38. Array() ne List() ne Parcel() # List() $cities = @('roma', 'milano', 'turino'); # Parcel() $cities = ('roma', 'milano', 'turino');
39. Just A List # List() $cities = list('roma', 'milano', 'turino'); # List() $cities = ||('roma', 'milano','turino');
40. Array Object $cities = ['roma', 'milano', 'turino']; @cities = 'roma', 'milano', 'turino'; say $cities.WHAT # Array() say @cities.WHAT # Array()
41. Number Of Elements say length @cities; # 3 say elems @cities; # 3 # no length
42. elems Is A Method Too say length @cities; # 3 say @cities.elems; # 3
43. On A Scalar Too say scalar @$cities; # 3 say $cities.elems; # 3
44. Content From Scalar say “@$cities“; # roma ... say $cities; # roma ...
45. Scalar Context say “@cities“; # roma ... say $(@cities); # roma ...
46. Scalar Context say “@cities“; # roma ... say item(@cities); # roma ...
47. Numeric Context say scalar @cities; # 3 say + @cities; # 3
48. Numeric Context say scalar @$cities; # 3 say + $cities; # 3
49. Boolean Context say values @cities; # romami... say ? @cities; # Bool::True
50. String Context say “@cities“; # roma milano say ~ @cities; # roma milano ...
51. . Became ~ say “@cities“; # roma milano say “...“ ~ @cities; # ...roma mila..
52. “ “ Works in P6 Too say “@cities“;# roma milano turino say “@cities“;# roma milano turino?
53. Not Quite say “@cities“; # roma milano ... say “@cities“; # @cities
54. Add [] say “@cities“; # roma milano say “@cities[]“;# roma milano ...
55. Was No Special Case say “@cities“; # roma milano say @cities[]; # roma milano ...
56. Perl 5 & 6 say @cities; # romamilanoturino say @cities; # roma milano turino
57. When Data Gets Deeper
58. STD Perl 5 use Data::Dumper; say Dumper(@cities);
59. $VAR1 = 2; $VAR2 = 3; $VAR3 = 4; $VAR4 = 5; $VAR5 = 6; $VAR6 = 7; $VAR7 = 7; $VAR8 = 2; $VAR9 = 5; $VAR10 = [ 'a', 'b', 'c' ]; [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 2, 5, ["a", "b", "c"]] Data::Dumper Output
60. $VAR1 = 2; $VAR2 = 3; $VAR3 = 4; $VAR4 = 5; $VAR5 = 6; $VAR6 = 7; $VAR7 = 7; $VAR8 = 2; $VAR9 = 5; $VAR10 = [ 'a', 'b', 'c' ]; [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 2, 5, ["a", "b", "c"]] Too Wordy
61. He Fixed That use YAML; # Data::Dumper sucks say Dump @cities;
62. --- - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 - 7 - 2 - 5 - - a - b - c [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 2, 5, ["a", "b", "c"]] YAML Output
63. --- - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 - 7 - 2 - 5 - - a - b - c [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 2, 5, ["a", "b", "c"]] He Did It Shorter
64. Perl 6 say @cities.perl;
65. Perl 6 # works to any depth say @cities.perl; $ ["roma", "milano", "turino"]
66. Perl 5 say $cities[2]; # turino
67. Perl 6 say $cities[2]; # turino say @cities[2]; # turino
68. Array In A Scalar say $cities[2]; # Perl 6 too say @cities[2]; # turino
69. Same Container Type $cities = ['roma', 'milano', 'turino']; say $cities[2]; # $cities.WHAT say @cities[2]; # @cities.WHAT
70. Array Objects say $cities[2]; # Array() say @cities[2]; # Array()
71. Say Is Just A Method say $cities[2]; # turino @cities[2].say; # too
72. [ ] Too (Like Any Op) say $cities.[2]; # 2 is a parameter @cities.[2].say; # too
73. 2 == Last Index say $cities[2]; # turino say @cities[2]; # too
74. Perl 5 say $cities[-1]; # turino say @cities[2]; # too
75. Perl 6 say $cities[-1]; # turino say @cities[*-1]; # too
76. Whatever * say $cities[-1]; # turino say @cities[*-1]; # too #parameter – closure with 1 argument
77. Whatever * say $cities[-1]; # turino say @cities[* / 2];# milano
78. Whatever * say $cities[-1]; # turino say @cities[*]; # roma milano turino
79. Whatever * say $cities[-1]; # turino say @cities[]; # roma milano turino # defaults to *
80. LoL say @cities[1][1];
81. List Of List @cities = [<roma ..>], [<berlin ..>]; say @cities[1][1]; say $cities[1;1];
82. Let's Play A Game
83. Count the Smurfs
84. Count
85. Count How many elements does this list have?
86. Round 1
87. How Many Elements ? my @number = 1, 2, 3, 4;
88. How Many Elements ? my @number = 1, 2, 3, 4; # 4 my @number = (1, 2, 3, 4);
89. How Many Elements ? my @number = 1, 2, 3, 4; # 4 my @number = (1, 2, 3, 4); # 4 my @number = 1, (2, 3), 4;
90. How Many Elements ? my @number = 1, 2, 3, 4; # 4 my @number = (1, 2, 3, 4); # 4 my @number = 1, (2, 3), 4; # 4 my @number = 1, [2, 3], 4;
91. How Many Elements ? my @number = 1, 2, 3, 4; # 4 my @number = (1, 2, 3, 4); # 4 my @number = 1, (2, 3), 4; # 4 my @number = 1, [2, 3], 4; # 3 my @number = [1, 2, 3, 4];
92. How Many Elements ? my @number = 1, 2, 3, 4; # 4 my @number = (1, 2, 3, 4); # 4 my @number = 1, (2, 3), 4; # 4 my @number = 1, [2, 3], 4; # 3 my @number = [1, 2, 3, 4]; # 1 mysub 1,(2,[3, 4]), 5; # in @_
93. How Many Elements ? my @number = 1, 2, 3, 4; # 4 my @number = (1, 2, 3, 4); # 4 my @number = 1, (2, 3), 4; # 4 my @number = 1, [2, 3], 4; # 3 my @number = [1, 2, 3, 4]; # 1 mysub 1,(2,[3, 4]), 5; # 4 # all between name & ;
94. Round 2
95. How Many Elements ? my $number = 1, 2, 3, 4;
96. How Many Elements ? my $number = 1, 2, 3, 4; # 1 my $number = (1, 2, 3, 4);
97. How Many Elements ? my $number = 1, 2, 3, 4; # 1 my $number = (1, 2, 3, 4); # 4 my $number = 1, (2, 3), 4;
98. How Many Elements ? my $number = 1, 2, 3, 4; # 1 my $number = (1, 2, 3, 4); # 4 my $number = 1, (2, 3), 4; # 1 my $number = (1, 2), 3, 4;
99. How Many Elements ? my $number = 1, 2, 3, 4; # 1 my $number = (1, 2, 3, 4); # 4 my $number = 1, (2, 3), 4; # 1 my $number = (1, 2), 3, 4; # 2 my $number = (1, [2, 3], 4);
100. How Many Elements ? my $number = 1, 2, 3, 4; # 1 my $number = (1, 2, 3, 4); # 4 my $number = 1, (2, 3), 4; # 1 my $number = (1, 2), 3, 4; # 2 my $number = (1, [2, 3], 4); # 3 my $number = [1, 2, 3, 4];
101. How Many Elements ? my $number = 1, 2, 3, 4; # 1 my $number = (1, 2, 3, 4); # 4 my $number = 1, (2, 3), 4; # 1 my $number = (1, 2), 3, 4; # 2 my $number = (1, [2, 3], 4); # 3 my $number = [1, 2, 3, 4]; # 4
102. Round 3
103. How Many Elements ? my $pd = my @pd = (3, 1, 4, 1);
104. How Many Elements ? my $pd = my @pd = (3, 1, 4, 1); @number = 1, @pd, 4;
105. How Many Elements ? my $pd = my @pd = (3, 1, 4, 1); @number = 1, @pd, 4; # 6 @number = 1, $pd, 4;
106. How Many Elements ? my $pd = my @pd = (3, 1, 4, 1); @number = 1, @pd, 4; # 6 @number = 1, $pd, 4; # 3 @number = 1, @pd.item, 4;
107. item & list = Conext Ops my $pd = my @pd = (3, 1, 4, 1); @number = 1, @pd, 4; # 6 @number = 1, $pd, 4; # 3 @number = 1, @pd.item, 4; # 3 @number = 1, $pd.list, 4;
108. Nil = Nothing my $pd = my @pd = (3, 1, 4, 1); @number = 1, @pd, 4; # 6 @number = 1, $pd, 4; # 3 @number = 1, @pd.item, 4; # 3 @number = 1, $pd.list, 4; # 6 @number = Nil, Nil, Nil;
109. Nil = Nothing my $pd = my @pd = (3, 1, 4, 1); @number = 1, @pd, 4; # 6 @number = 1, $pd, 4; # 3 @number = 1, @pd.item, 4; # 3 @number = 1, $pd.list, 4; # 6 @number = Nil, Nil, Nil; # 0
110. And The Winner Is ...
111. Perl 5 @digits = ( 4 ) x 5; # (4,4,4,4,4)
112. Perl 6 @digits = ( 4 ) x 5; # (4,4,4,4,4) @digits = 4 xx 5; # 4,4,4,4,4
113. Multiply Strings @digits = 4 x 5; # '44444' @digits = 4 x 5; # '44444'
114. Multiply Strings @digits = 4 x 5; # '44444' @digits = (4) x 5; # '44444'
115. Multiply Strings @digits = '1 2' x 3; # '1 21 21 2' @digits = (1,2) x 3; # '1 21 21 2'
116. Multiply Lists @digits = (1,2) x 3; # 1,2,1,2,1,2 @digits = (1,2) xx 3; # 1,2,1,2,1,2
117. Perl 5 @digits = ( 0 .. 9 ); # range op
118. Perl 5 & 6 @digits = ( 0 .. 9 );
119. Perl 6 @digits = 0 .. 9;
120. Perl 6 @digits = ^ 10; # 0 .. 9
121. 0 Is Given @digits = 0 ..^ 10; # 0 .. 9
122. ^ Excludes The Range @digits = -1 ^..^ 10; # 0 .. 9
123. Sequence Operator @digits = 0 ... 9;
124. Linear @digits = 0 ... 9; # 0 .. 9
125. Arithmetic @digits = 0 ... 9; # 0 .. 9 @odd = 1,3 … 9; # 1,3,5,7,9
126. Geometric @digits = 0 ... 9; # 0 .. 9 @odd = 1,3 … 9; # 1,3,5,7,9 @bin = 1,2,4 … 1024;#..,8,16,32,.
127. Fibonacci @digits = 0 ... 9; # 0 .. 9 @odd = 1,3 … 9; # 1,3,5,7,9 @bin = 1,2,4 … 1024;#..,8,16,32,. @fib = 0,1,*+* … 144; #..,1,2,3,..
128. Watch Your Limit @odd = 1,3 … 10; # 1,3,.. *
129. Infinite List @odd = 1,3 … 10; # 1,3,.. * @number = 0 .. *; # 0 .. Inf
130. Certain Elements @odd = 1,3 … 10; # 1,3,.. * @number = 0 .. *; # 0 .. Inf say @odd[1]; # 3 say @number[5]; # 4
131. All Elements @odd = 1,3 … 10; # 1,3,.. * @number = 0 .. *; # 0 .. Inf say @odd[*]; # waiting ... say @number; # lots of digits
132. Number Of Elements @odd = 1,3 … 10; # 1,3,.. * @number = 0 .. *; # 0 .. Inf say + @odd; # waiting ... say @number; # lots of digits
133. What Happened? $number = 0 .. *; # 0 .. Inf say $number.WHAT; # Range()
134. Guess Output? $number = 0 .. *; # 0 .. Inf say $number; # ?
135. First Element $number = 0 .. *; # 0 .. Inf say $number; # 0
136. Infinite List $number = 0 .. *; # 0 .. Inf say @($number); # digits ...
137. Array @number = 0 .. *; # 0 .. Inf say @number[5];
138. Generates As Needed @number = 0 .. *; # 0 .. Inf say @number[5]; # @number.reify(5)
139. Internal Representation @number = 0 .. *; # 0 .. Inf say @number.reify(5).perl; # (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6..*)
140. You Know These shift unshift push pop splice reverse map grep
141. Perl 5 %opera = ( 'verdi' => 'Aida', 'puccini' => 'Turandot', 'rossini'=> 'Il barbiere', );
142. Perl 6 %opera = ( 'verdi' => 'Aida', 'puccini' => 'Turandot', 'rossini'=> 'Il barbiere', );
143. No Grouping Needed %opera = 'verdi' => 'Aida', 'puccini' => 'Turandot', 'rossini'=> 'Il barbiere', ;
144. Still Hash Object %opera = 'verdi' => 'Aida', 'puccini' => 'Turandot', 'rossini'=> 'Il barbiere', ; %opera.WHAT eq 'Hash()'
145. New Pair Syntax %opera = :verdi('Aida'), :puccini('Turandot'), :rossini('Il barbiere'), ; %opera.WHAT eq 'Hash()'
146. With Autoquoting %opera = :verdi<Aida>, :puccini<Turandot>, :rossini<Il barbiere>, ; %opera.WHAT eq 'Hash()'
147. Item Context $opera = :verdi<Aida>, :puccini<Turandot>, :rossini<Il barbiere>, ; $opera.WHAT eq 'Pair()'
148. With Grouping $opera = ( :verdi<Aida>, :puccini<Turandot>, :rossini<Il barbiere>, ); %opera.WHAT eq 'Parcel()'
149. Parcel Know Positions $opera = ( :verdi<Aida>, :puccini<Turandot>, :rossini<Il barbiere>, ); 0 verdi Aida 1 puccini Turandot 2 rossini Il barbiere
150. Hash Context Op $opera = %( :verdi<Aida>, :puccini<Turandot>, :rossini<Il barbiere>, ); %opera.WHAT eq 'Hash()'
151. Hash Context Op $opera = hash( :verdi<Aida>, :puccini<Turandot>, :rossini<Il barbiere>, ); %opera.WHAT eq 'Hash()'
152. Hash Generator Op $opera = { :verdi<Aida>, :puccini<Turandot>, :rossini<Il barbiere>, }; %opera.WHAT eq 'Hash()'
153. Hash Generator Op %opera = { :verdi<Aida>, :puccini<Turandot>, :rossini<Il barbiere>, }; %opera.WHAT eq 'Hash()'
154. Invariant Sigils %opera{'rossini'}; # Il barbiere
155. Invariant Sigils %opera.{'rossini'}; # alias .at_key()
156. Remember qw() ? %opera{'rossini'}; # Il barbiere %opera<rossini>;
157. With Interpolation %opera{'rossini'}; # Il barbiere %opera<rossini>; %opera<<$autore>>;
158. Get 2 Operas %opera{'rossini', 'puccini'}; %opera<rossini puccini>; %opera<<@autore>>;
159. Also Just Hashes $opera{'rossini', 'puccini'}; $opera<rossini puccini>; $opera<<@autore>>;
160. Works On Parcel() Too $opera{'rossini', 'puccini'}; $opera<rossini puccini>; $opera<<@autore>>;
161. Hash Methods %opera.keys; # verdi puccini ro... %opera.values; # aida turandot ... %opera.kv; # verdi aida puccini ...
162. On Arrays Too @cities.keys; # 0 1 2 @cities.values; # roma milano ... @cities.kv; # 0 roma 1 milano 2 ...
163. On Pairs $opera.key; # rossini $opera.value; # Il barbiere $opera.kv; #
164. Other Hash Methods %opera.pairs; # list of pair obj. %opera.exists; # Bool %opera.delete; # 1 | 0
165. Other Methods %opera.pairs; # list of pair obj. %opera.exists; # one at a time %opera.delete; # one at a time
166. Hash In Context ? %opera; # bool context + %opera; # num context ~ %opera; # string context
167. Hash In Context ? %opera; # Bool::True + %opera; # 3 ~ %opera; # rossini Il barbiere
168. Value In Context ? %opera; # Bool::True + %opera; # 3 ~ %opera; # rossini Il barbiere
169. New Hash Method say %opera.invert; Aida verdi Turandot puccini Il barbiere rossini
170. Hash Generator my %h = @cities.classify ( { uc substr( $_, 0, 1 ) } ); say %h; $ R roma M milano T turino
171. Hash Generator @cities.categorize({ catsub($_ ) }); say %h.perl;
172. Hash Generator @cities.categorize({ water($_ ) }); say %h.perl; {"mare" => ["roma"], "fiume" => ["roma", "milano", "turino"], "lago" => Nil}
173. ==> Pipes
174. Schwartz. Transform @results = map {…}, sort {…}, map {...}, @input;
175. Schwartz. Transform @results = map {…}, sort {…}, map {...}, @input; @results = map {…} <== sort {…} <== map {…} <== @input;
176. Schwartz. Transform @results = map {…}, sort {…}, map {...}, @input; @results <== map {…} <== sort {…} <== map {…} <== @input;
177. Schwartz. Transform @results = map {…}, sort {…}, map {...}, @input; @input ==> map {…} ==> sort {…} ==> map {…} ==> @results;
178. Metaops
179. Metaops = ! R
180. Metaops >> [ ] [\ ] X Z S
181. Metaops >> [ ] [\ ] X Z S
182. Hyperoperator >>
183. Hyperoperator >> .hyper()
184. Simple Example (1..5) >>++
185. That Works @number>>++
186. Result @number>>++ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
187. More Complicated (1..5) >>+>> 1
188. Check Your Spaces (1..5)_>>+>>_1
189. Same Result (1..5) >>+>> 1 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
190. Reverse Hyper (1..5) <<+<< 1
191. Right Side Rules (1..5) <<+<< 1 2
192. Both Rule ? (1..5) >>+<< 1
193. Yes Both! (1..5) >>+<< 1 Runtime Error !!!
194. Preserves LoL ? (1..5, [6..9]) >>+>> 1
195. Preserves LoL ! (1..5, [6..9]) >>+>> 1 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, [7, 8, 9,10]
196. On 2 Sides ? (1..5, [6..9]) >>+<< (0..4, [1..4])
197. On 2 Sides ! (1..5, [6..9]) >>+<< (0..4, [1..4]) (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, [7, 9, 11, 13])
198. How About This? (1..5, [6..9]) >>+<< (0..4, [1..5])
199. Checks Lengths (1..5, [6..9]) >>+<< (0..4, [1..5]) Runtime Error
200. Reduce [ ] .reduce
201. Do The Gauss [+] (1..100)
202. Do The Gauss [+] (1..100) 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + ...
203. 100+1 * 50 [+] (1..100) 5050
204. Chained Comparsion [<] (1..100)
205. Chained Comparsion [<] (1..100) 1 < 2 < 3 < 4 < 5 < 6 < 7 < 8 < ...
206. Chained Comparsion [<] (1..100) Bool::True
207. Junction all(1..100) > 0
208. Junction all(1..100) 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ...
209. Junction all(1..100) > 0 (True, True, True,True, ...
210. Bool Context ? all(1..100) > 0 True
211. Bool Context ? all(1..100) > 1 False
212. Metaops >> [ ] [\ ] X Z S
213. Triangle [\ ] triangle()
214. Back To Gauss [\+] (1..100)
215. Returns A List [\+] (1..100) (((((1) + 2 ) + 3) + 4) + 5) + 6) + ...
216. Returns A List [\+] (1..100) (1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, ...
217. Metaops >> [ ] [\ ] X Z S
218. Cross .crosswith X
219. Cross (1, 2) X (1, 2) 11, 12, 21, 22
220. Cross With Power (1, 2) X** (1, 2)
221. Cross With Power (1, 2) X** (1, 2) 1, 1, 2, 4
222. Metaops >> [ ] [\ ] X Z S
223. Zip .zipwith() Z
224. Zip (1..10) Z <a..j> <1a 2b 3c 4d 5e 6f ...>
225. Zip for @a Z @b → $a, $b {
226. Zip (1..4) Z+ (1..4)
227. Zip (1..4) Z+ (1..4) 2, 4, 6, 8
228. Metaops >> [ ] [\ ] X Z S
229. Sequence .sequence S
230. __END__ ?
231. =begin END
232. Thank You