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PostCSS: Build your own CSS processor
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Masaaki Morishita
November 13, 2016
Technology
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4.5k
PostCSS: Build your own CSS processor
at NodeFest 2016.
Masaaki Morishita
November 13, 2016
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Transcript
PostCSS: Build your own CSS processor morishi'er @ #nodefest
ࣗݾհ .about-me { name: Masaaki Morishita; twitter: @morishitter_; github: morishitter;
qiita: morishitter; specializing-in: CSS; member-of: 'PostCSS Team'; works-at: 'Increments, inc.'; }
Increments We are hiring! h"ps:/ /github.com/increments/job-descrip6ons
Do you use PostCSS?
Agenda 1. PostCSSͱ 2. PostCSSπʔϧͷհ 3. ϓϦϓϩηοαʔͱͯ͠ͷPostCSS 4. PostCSSͷAPI
Agenda 1. PostCSSͱ 2. PostCSSπʔϧͷհ 3. ϓϦϓϩηοαʔͱͯ͠ͷPostCSS 4. PostCSSͷAPI
PostCSSͱ • NodeͷCSSύʔαʔ • CSSπʔϧΛ࡞ΔͨΊͷϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ • PostCSSπʔϧͷ࣮ߦ • by Andrey
Sitnik
over 12K stars on GitHub !
4 million DL / month on npm
PostCSSͱ • ͘ΘΕΔΑ͏ʹͳͬͨ • CodePenͰ͑Δ • Bootstrap v5PostCSSʹͳΔ͔ʁ • ར༻اۀɾαʔϏε
• Google, Facebook, GitHub, Wikipedia, Qiita, etc...
PostCSSͷॲཧͷྲྀΕ • PostCSSࣗମͨͩͷύʔαʔ • ASTΛૢ࡞͢ΔͨΊͷAPIΛఏڙ • ϓϥάΠϯ͕ASTΛม͢Δ
None
PostCSSͷΑ͏ͳπʔϧੲ͔Β͋ͬͨ
rework reworkcss / rework
Modular CSS preprocessing with rework by TJ Holowaychuk h"p:/ /tjholowaychuk.tumblr.com/post/
44267035203/modular-css-preprocessing-with- rework
Custom CSS preprocessing by Nicolas Gallagher h"p:/ /nicolasgallagher.com/custom-css- preprocessing/
rework (in 2013) • NodeͷCSSύʔαʔ • ϓϥάΠϯΞʔΩςΫνϟʔ • Andrey͕rework-vendorsͱ͍͏ϓϥάΠϯΛ࡞ •
ޙͷAutoprefixer • ʢҰํͦͷࠒ morishi:erYACPΛ։ൃʣ
rework (in 2013) • AutoprefixerΛ࡞Δ্Ͱɺreworkػೳෆ • ࣌reworkϒϥβϋοΫΛύʔεͰ͖ͳ͔ͬͨ • ʢ͋ͱTJʹAutoprefixerΛdisΒΕͨΓ…ʣ •
AndreyʮΑࣗ͠Ͱ࡞Ζ͏ʂʯ
None
PostCSSʢʙ v1ʣ • 2013/11/4ʹ࠷ॳͷϦϦʔε • "PostCSS is a framework for
CSS postprocessors" • AutoprefixerͷͨΊʹ࡞ΒΕͨ • ͜ͷࠒCoffeeScriptͰॻ͔Εͯͨ
PostCSS (v2 ʙ v4) • ϓϥάΠϯ͕େྔʹ࡞ΒΕ͍ͯ͘ • ݴޠ֦ுͷͨΊͷϓϥάΠϯ࡞ΒΕ͍ͯ͘ • cssnext,
PreCSS, AtCSS • ʮpostprocessorʯͱ͍͏୯ޠΛΘͳ͘ͳͬͨ • ʢAPI͕͜Ζ͜ΖมΘͬͨ…ʣ
PostCSS v5 (current) released on August 20, 2015
PostCSS v5 • ࠓ·ͰͰҰ൪େ͖͍มߋ • Custom Syntaxes • ύʔαʔ෦ΛΧελϚΠζͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹʢ͋ͱͰઆ໌ʣ •
2016ݱࡏɺ͘ΘΕΔΑ͏ʹ • ʢreworkશʹΦϫίϯʹʣ
1. PostCSSͱ • PostCSSϓϥάΠϯΞʔΩςΫνϟʔͳCSSύʔαʔ • ASTૢ࡞ͷͨΊͷAPIΛఏڙ • ϓϥάΠϯΛॻ͘͜ͱͰCSSʹಠࣗͷॲཧΛ͓͜ͳ͏ • PostCSSͷྺ࢙
• PostCSSrework͕ݩʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ
Agenda 1. PostCSSͱ 2. PostCSSπʔϧͷհ 3. ϓϦϓϩηοαʔͱͯ͠ͷPostCSS 4. PostCSSͷAPI
2. PostCSSπʔϧͷհ • Autoprefixer • Stylelint • CSS Modules
Autoprefixer • postcss / autoprefixer • ʮCan I Useʯͱ͍͏αΠτͷσʔλΛ ݩʹࣗಈͰϕϯμʔϓϦϑΟοΫεΛ
༩͢Δπʔϧ
/* input */ .example { display: flex; user-select: none; -webkit-border-radius:
3px; border-radius: 3px; } /* output */ .example { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -webkit-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none; -ms-user-select: none; user-select: none; border-radius: 3px; }
AutoprefixerͷΦϓγϣϯ • αϙʔτϒϥβࢦఆ (ai / browserslist) autoprefixer({ browsers: [ "ie
>= 11", "last 2 Edge versions", "last 2 Firefox versions", "last 2 Chrome versions", "last 2 Safari versions", "last 2 Opera versions", "last 2 iOS versions", "last 2 ChromeAndroid versions" ] })
ྨࣅπʔϧͱͷύϑΥʔϚϯεൺֱ Autoprefixer: 44 ms Stylecow: 200 ms (4.5 times slower)
nib: 340 ms (7.7 times slower) Compass: 2417 ms (54.9 times slower) h"ps:/ /github.com/postcss/benchmark#prefixers
Stylelint • stylelint / stylelint • ϞμϯͳCSSϦϯλʔ • ΊͪΌͪ͘ΌΧελϚΠζͰ͖Δ •
SCSS, Less, CSSͷ৽͍͠ه๏ʹ ͑Δ
Stylelint • ϧʔϧ170ݸ • CSSLint: 38, scss-lint: 62, CSSComb: 26
• શͯͷϧʔϧPostCSSϓϥάΠϯͱ࣮ͯ͠ • ಠࣗϧʔϧ࡞ΕΔ
in Facebook "Improving CSS quality at Facebook and beyond" h"ps:/
/code.facebook.com/posts/ 879890885467584/improving-css-quality-at- facebook-and-beyond/
StylelintͷઃఆϑΝΠϧ { "rules": { "at-rule-no-vendor-prefix": true, "block-no-empty": true, "color-hex-case": "lower",
"color-hex-length": "short", "color-no-invalid-hex": true, "comment-no-empty": true, "custom-property-no-outside-root": true, "declaration-block-no-duplicate-properties": true, "declaration-block-no-ignored-properties": true, "declaration-block-no-shorthand-property-overrides": true, "declaration-no-important": true, "selector-descendant-combinator-no-non-space": true, "selector-max-empty-lines": 0, "selector-max-specificity": "0,5,0", "selector-no-vendor-prefix": true, ...
ઃఆϑΝΠϧूͱΧελϚΠζ • stylelint-config-* • standard, suitcss, primer, qiita, etc... {
"extends": "stylelint-config-primer", "rules": { "selector-max-specificity": "0,6,0" } }
StylelintͷઃఆϑΝΠϧ • ϑΥʔϚοτʹؔ͢Δͷ͕େ • color-hex-case • length-zero-no-unit • declaration-block-semicolon-newline-after •
block-closing-brace-empty-line-before • "ܯࠂ"Ͱͳ͘ɺࣗಈमਖ਼ͯ͠΄͍͠
Stylefmt • morishi(er / stylefmt • StylelintͷઃఆϑΝΠϧΛݩʹࣗಈͰ ϑΥʔϚοτ • શͯͷϧʔϧʹରԠͰ͖͍ͯͳ͍
stylefmt // input @mixin clearfix () { &::before, &::after{content:" ";display
: table; } &::after {clear: both;}} // output @mixin clearfix () { &::before, &::after { content: " "; display: table; } &::after { clear: both; } }
CSS Modules • css-modules / css-modules • CSSͷϞδϡʔϧԽͷΞϓϩʔνͷ1ͭ • άϩʔόϧείʔϓΛղܾ͢Δ
ͨΊͷͷ
CSS in JS • ʮReact: CSS in JSʯby Christopher Chedeau
render() { const style = { display: 'inline-block', padding: '8px 12px', backgroundColor: '#0099ff', color: '#fff', fontSize: '14px', textAlign: 'center' }; return ( <button style={style}>ૹ৴</button> ); } h"ps:/ /speakerdeck.com/vjeux/react-css-in-js
CSS in JSܥπʔϧઓ૪ • Radium, react-style, styling, etc... • CSS
ModulesνʔϜʮCSSCSSϑΝΠϧʹॻ͖͍ͨʯ
CSS Modules • webpackΛ͏͜ͱ͕લఏ • css-loader, style-loader, (postcss-loader) • σϑΥϧτͰϩʔΧϧείʔϓ
• ηϨΫλ໊ΛʹϋογϡΛ͚ͯিಥΛճආ • composes ͰଞͷίϯϙʔωϯτͷελΠϧΛ࠶ར༻ • ͜ΕΒͷػೳΛPostCSSͰ࣮
// SubmitButton.js import style from './SubmitButton.css'; export default class SubmitButton
extends React.Component { render() { return ( <button className={style.default}>ૹ৴</button>; ); } }; /* SubmitButton.css */ .button { display: inline-block; padding: 6px 12px; font-size: 14px; } .default { composes: button; /* other properties */ }
PostCSS.parts h"p:/ /postcss.parts
2. PostCSSπʔϧͷհ • Autoprefixer • ϕϯμʔϓϦϑΟοΫεͷࣗಈ༩ • Stylelint • ESLintͷΑ͏ʹΧελϚΠζੑͷߴ͍CSSϦϯλʔ
• CSS Modules • CSSʹϩʔΧϧείʔϓΛ
Agenda 1. PostCSSͱ 2. PostCSSπʔϧͷհ 3. ϓϦϓϩηοαʔͱͯ͠ͷPostCSS 4. PostCSSͷAPI
ϓϦϓϩηοαʔͱͯ͠ͷCSS • ݴޠ֦ு༻ϓϥάΠϯ • cssnext, precss, atcss, etc
cssnext • MoOx / postcss-cssnext • ະདྷͷCSSͷߏจΛࠓͷϒϥβ͕ղ ऍͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹτϥϯεύΠϧ͢Δ PostCSSϓϥάΠϯू
Custom Proper,es input: :root { --fontSize-m: 18px; } p {
font-size: var(--fontSize-m); } output: p { font-size: 18px; }
Custom media queries input: @custom-media --small-viewport (max-width: 600px); @media (--small-viewport)
{ /* styles for small viewport */ } output: @media (max-width: 600px) { /* styles for small viewport */ }
Custom selectors input: @custom-selector :--heading h1, h2, h3; article :--heading
{ margin-bottom: 2em; } output: article h1, article h2, article h3 { margin-bottom: 2em; }
@apply input: :root { --truncate: { white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden;
text-overflow: ellipsis; } } p { @apply --truncate; } output: p { white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; }
@extend input: .error { color: red; } .serious-error { @extend
.error; } output: .error, .serious-error { color: red; }
ϓϦϓϩηοαʔͱͯ͠PostCSSΛ͏ϝϦοτ • ඞཁͳػೳ͚ͩΛબͰ͖Δ • ΧελϚΠζ͕༰қ • ύϑΥʔϚϯε
ඞཁͳػೳ͚ͩΛબ • ʮSassͬͯΔ͚Ͳ@importͱม͚ͩ͋Ε͍͍Θʔʯ • ʮmixinͱ͔extendཧͰ͖ͳ͍͔Βͬͯͳ͍ʯ • PostCSSͳΒඞཁͳϓϥάΠϯ͚ͩΛՃͰ͖Δ
ΧελϚΠζ͕༰қ • 1ͭ1ͭͷϓϥάΠϯখ͍͞ͷͰίϯτϦϏϡʔτ͍͢͠ • ϓϥάΠϯΛॻ͘͜ͱͰಠࣗͷΧελϚΠζ͕Մೳ
ύϑΥʔϚϯε cssnext: 45 ms PreCSS: 64 ms (1.4 times slower)
node-sass: 65 ms (1.4 times slower) Rework: 83 ms (1.8 times slower) Less: 146 ms (3.2 times slower) Stylus: 219 ms (4.7 times slower) Ruby Sass: 1207 ms (26.2 times slower) h"ps:/ /github.com/postcss/benchmark#preprocessors
ϓϦϓϩηοαʔͱͯ͠PostCSSΛ͏ͱ͖ͷҙ • cssnext • ະདྷͷCSSΛઌऔΓ Ͱͳ͍ • ϙϦϑΟϧ Ͱͳ͍ •
γϯλοΫεͷॻ͖৺Θ͔Δ • PreCSS • node-sass͓ʁ
ϓϦϓϩηοαʔͱͯ͠PostCSSΛ͏ͱ͖ͷҙ • ϓϥάΠϯΛબΜͰ͏ͱ͍͍ • ͦͷϓϥάΠϯʹԿ͔͋ͬͨͱ͖ͳ͓֮͢ޛ • ϓϥάΠϯಉ࢜ʹґଘ͕ؔ͋Δ • ʮpostcss-mixinspostcss-nestedΑΓઌʹಡΈࠐΈ·͠ΐ ͏ʯ
3. ϓϦϓϩηοαʔͱͯ͠ͷPostCSS • cssnext: ະདྷͷߏจΛ͑ΔCSSϓϦϓϩηοαʔ • ϝϦοτ • ඞཁͳػೳ͚ͩɺΧελϚΠζੑɺύϑΥʔϚϯε •
ҙ • cssnextϙϦϑΟϧ͡Όͳ͍ • ϓϥάΠϯબͷқ͕ߴ͍
Agenda 1. PostCSSͱ 2. PostCSSπʔϧͷհ 3. ϓϦϓϩηοαʔͱͯ͠ͷPostCSS 4. PostCSSͷAPI
PostCSSͷAPI • ASTͷߏ • ϓϥάΠϯΛ࡞ΔͨΊͷ͍͔ͭ͘ͷAPIΛհ • Custom Syntaxes h"p:/ /api.postcss.org/
͜͏͍͏มΛ͢ΔϓϥάΠϯΛॻ͍ͯΈΔ /* input */ .foo { font-size: 12px; } .bar
{ @ref .foo, font-size; color: #333; } /* expected */ .foo { font-size: 12px; } .bar { font-size: 12px; color: #333; }
ASTͷϊʔυʢҰ෦ൈਮʣ Root { type: 'root', nodes: [ Rule { type:
'rule', nodes: [ Declaration { type: 'decl', prop: 'font-size', value: '12px' } ], selector: '.foo' }, Rule { type: 'rule', nodes: [ AtRule { type: 'atrule', name: 'ref', params: '.foo, font-size' }, Declaration { type: 'decl', prop: 'color', value: '#333' } ], selector: '.bar' } ] }
ASTͷϊʔυ
ASTૢ࡞ͷAPI • postcss.plugin() • container.walk(Rule|AtRule|Decls)() • container.insert(Before|After)() • container.remove()
postcss.plugin(name, initializer) /* * @param {string} name * @param {function}
initializer * @return {Plugin} PostCSS plugin */
postcss.plugin(name, initializer) module.exports = postcss.plugin('postcss-ref', function (opts) { opts =
opts || {}; return function (root) { // ASTΛม͢Δॲཧ }; });
container.walkAtRule([name], callback) /* * @param {string|RegExp} [name] * @param {childIterator}
callback * @return {false|undefined} */ • Container: ϊʔυʢࢠϊʔυΛ࣋ͭ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔʣΛੜ ͢ΔΫϥε
container.walkAtRule([name], callback) module.exports = postcss.plugin('postcss-ref', function (opts) { opts =
opts || {}; return function (root) { root.walkAtRules('ref', function (atrule) { // `@ref`ͷAtRuleϊʔυʹରͯ͠ͷॲཧ } }; });
container.walkRule([selector], callback) /* * @param {string|RegExp} [selector] * @param {childIterator}
callback * @return {false|undefined} */
container.walkRule([selector], callback) root.walkAtRules('ref', function (atrule) { var selector; // =
'.foo' root.walkRules(selector, function (rule) { // .foo ηϨΫλͷRuleϊʔυʹରͯ͠ͷॲཧ }); }
container.walkDecls([prop], callback) /* * @param {string|RegExp} [prop] * @param {childIterator}
callback * @return {false|undefined} */
container.walkDecls([prop], callback) root.walkAtRules('ref', function (atrule) { var selector; // =
'.foo' var refedProperty; // = 'font-size' var newValue; root.walkRules(selector, function (rule) { rule.walkDecls(refedProperty, function (decl) { newValue = decl.value; // = '12px' }); }); }
container.insertBefore(exist, add) /* * @param {Node|number} exist * @param {Node|object|string|Node[]}
* @return {Node} */
container.insertBefore(exist, add) root.walkAtRules('ref', function (atrule) { root.walkRules(selector, function (rule) {
// }); if (atrule.parent.type === 'rule') { atrule.parent.insertBefore(atrule, { prop: newProperty, value: newValue }); } }
container.remove() /* * @return {Node} */ root.walkAtRules('ref', function (atrule) {
if (atrule.parent.type === 'rule') { atrule.parent.insertBefore(atrule, { prop: newProperty, value: newValue }); } atrule.remove(); }
morishi'er / postcss-ref
Custom Syntaxes • PostCSS v5ʙͷػೳ • จࣈྻ͔ΒPostCSSͷASTΛΈཱͯΔϓϩάϥϜ • CSSҎ֎ͷߏจͷύʔεՄೳʹ •
PostCSSͷASTʹ͑͞มͰ͖ΕطଘͷϓϥάΠϯΛద༻Ͱ͖ Δ
None
Custom Syntaxes • postcss-scss, postcss-less • SCSS, Less༻ͷPostCSS Syntaxes •
PostCSSͰSCSS, LessϑΝΠϧΛCSSʹίϯύΠϧͰ͖ΔΑ͏ ʹͳΔΘ͚Ͱͳ͍ • SCSS, Lessίʔυʹରͯ͠ɺมॲཧΛ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ
Custom Syntaxes • postcss-js • CSS in JSͷͨΊͷͷ • JSΦϒδΣΫτΛPostCSS
ASTʹม • RadiumΛ͍ͬͯͯPostCSSͷϓϥάΠϯΛ͑Δ
Custom Syntaxes • ΦϓγϣϯͷՃ • parser: ύʔαʔͷࢦఆ • stringifier: Ξτϓοτͷํ
• syntax: parser + stringifier var scss = postcss-scss; postcss.process([ plugins]).process(source, { syntax: scss });
4. PostCSSͷAPI • ASTͷߏ • Root, AtRule, Rule, Declara1on, Comment
• ASTૢ࡞ͷAPI • h8p:/ /api.postcss.org • Custom Syntaxes • CSSҎ֎ͷߏจPostCSS ASTʹม
Agenda 1. PostCSSͱ 2. PostCSSπʔϧͷհ 3. ϓϦϓϩηοαʔͱͯ͠ͷPostCSS 4. PostCSSͷAPI
CSSपลπʔϧɺΞʔΩςΫνϟʔ • PostCSS, rework • cssnext, PreCSS, Sass, Less, Stylus,
... • Radium, react-style, styled-components, css-modules, ... • Stylelint, SCSS Lint, CSS Lint, CSSComb, Stylefmt, ... • OOCSS, SMACSS, ITCSS, BEM, ECSS, Atomic CSS, ... • Bootstrap, FoundaGon, BASSCSS, Tachyons, ...
ղܾ͍͍ͨͭ͠ಉ͡ ಓ۩ʹৼΓճ͞ΕΔͳ
PostCSSΤίγεςϜͱͯ͠ྑ͘Ͱ͖͍ͯΔ PostCSS is Awesome!
Thanks :D @morishi(er_