YAPC::Asia 2014: Writing tools with Git

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Git ʹΑΔπʔϧ։ൃ YAPC::Asia 2014 motemen 1

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motemen • GitHub: motemen • Twitter: motemen • Go/Vim/Git/Perl 2

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஫ҙ Git ʹΑΔʮπʔϧ։ൃʯͰ͸ͳ͘  ʮGit ʹΑΔπʔϧʯ։ൃͰ͢ 3

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ͭͬͨ͘΋ͷ • ghq • git-browse-remote • git-pr-release • github-commit-status-mark • git-unify 4

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ghq • Go • ͍͍ײ͡ʹ git clone / hg clone • ghq get • ghq look ghqΛ࢖ͬͨϩʔΧϧϦϙδτϦͷ౷Ұతɾޮ཰తͳ؅ཧʹ͍ͭͯ ghq + peco/percol 5

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git-browse-remote • Ruby • ͍͍ײ͡ʹϒϥ΢βͰ։͘ • hub browse ΑΓͪΐͬͱݡ͍ 6

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git-pr-release • Ruby • GitHub ͷ Pull Request Λ·ͱΊΔ 7

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github-commit-status-mark • Go • CI ௨͔ͬͨͲ͏͔ͻͱ໨ͰΘ͔Δ 8

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git-unify • sh • ෳ਺ͷϩʔΧϧΫϩʔϯͷ .git ҎԼ Λڞ༗ git-hsm: git submodule ͰαϒϞδϡʔϧ؅ཧͯ͠ΔͱσΟ εΫ༰ྔΛѹഭͯ͠ٽ͖ͨ͘ͳΓ·ͤΜ͔ 9

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એ఻ऴΘΓ 10

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ڞ௨఺ 11

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࢖ͬͯͳ͍ • .git/** • libgit2 12

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git-* • git help -a • > 150 commands • ͜ΕΒΛར༻͢Δ 13

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Detailed Topics 14

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҉໧ͷҾ਺ • Ϣʔβ͕Ծఆͯ͠Δ΋ͷ • ϦϙδτϦ • HEADʢϒϥϯνʣ • ex. git push (push.default=simple) 15

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Ҿ਺ͷղऍ • git browse-remote [] • git browse-remote feature/cool • git browse-remote b08d29 • git browse-remote v0.2-pre1~1 • git browse-remote @{3} 16

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Git • object (= tag/commit/tree/blob) Λࢦ͢ͳʹ͔ • SHA1 • ໊લ • ΄͔ • ૿͑Δ 17

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͋Ε͜Ε • SHA1: 3b3ab428ec05924e9a96d16a05959150485f51a0, … • refname: “A symbolic ref name”, master, v2.0, HEAD… • λά/ϒϥϯν/ϦϞʔτ • “master” → “refs/heads/master” • “v2.0” → “refs/tags/v2.0” • “origin” → “refs/remotes/origin/HEAD” • ࣮ଶ͸ .git/ ҎԼ 18

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͋Ε͜Ε • ^{n} • ~{n} • []@{yesterday}, @{3} • describeOutput: v0.5-3-g0829bd • :/ • …and more! git-rev-parse: SPECIFYING REVISIONS 19

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DWIM!! • Ϣʔβ͕ԿΛݴ͍͍ͨͷ͔ • ϒϥϯνɾλάɾίϛοτ etc… • git symbolic-ref, git rev-parse,   git name-rev 20

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git-browse-remote • ϒϥϯν΍λά • → github.com/.../tree/some-branch • ͦ͏Ͱͳ͍ίϛοτ • → github.com/.../commit/ bd08d29 21

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gbr: Ҿ਺ • Ҿ਺ͳ͠ • ϒϥϯν΍λά • ίϛοτ • ͦͷଞʢϑΝΠϧͱ͔ʣ 22

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gbr: Ҿ਺ͳ͠ • ҉໧ͷ HEAD • ϒϥϯν or λά or ίϛοτ • git symbolic-ref -q HEAD 23

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git symbolic-ref • ݩ࢝ɺ.git/HEAD ͸ symlink • → .git/refs/heads/** • ࠓ: “ref: ” ͱ͔ • or SHA1 24

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gbr: Ҿ਺͋Γ • git name-rev —name-only • rev ʹγϯϘϦοΫͳ໊લΛ༩͑Δ • “5d7d3957” → “remotes/origin/master” • “HEAD~3” → “tags/v0.4-pre" • git rev-parse —symbolic-full-name • refname Λ׬શ໊ʹ • “v0.4” → “refs/tags/v0.4” 25

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“git foo-bar” • git-foo-bar Ͱఏڙ • git --exec-path ʹύε͕௨Δ 26

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git --exec-path • ex: /usr/local/Cellar/git/2.1.0/libexec/git-core • Git ͷαϒίϚϯυͷๅݿ • ࣮ߦϏοτཱ͕ͬͯͳ͍΋ͷ΋  → γΣϧεΫϦϓτ༻ 27

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#!/bin/sh • “. git-sh-setup” ͔Βελʔτ • ศརؔ਺ͨͪ • Α͠ͳʹηοτΞοϓ 28

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git-sh-setup • NONGIT_OK • SUBDIRECTORY_OK • OPTIONS_SPEC 29

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OPTIONS_SPEC OPTS_SPEC="\! some-command [options] ...! ! some-command does foo and bar!! --! h,help show the help! ! foo some nifty option --foo! bar= some cool option --bar with an argument! baz=arg another cool option --baz with a named argument! qux?path qux may take a path argument but has meaning by itself! ! An option group Header! C? option C with an optional argument"! 30 git-rev-parse: PARSEOPT

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ύε • ϑΝΠϧͷϧʔτ͔Βͷύε • .git σΟϨΫτϦͷҐஔ • ࢥͬͨ৔ॴʹͳ͍͜ͱ΋ (cf. submodule) 32

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git rev-parse • git rev-parse --show-toplevel • τοϓσΟϨΫτϦͷઈରύε • git rev-parse --git-dir • git rev-parse --show-preﬁx • cwd ͔Βͷ૬ରύε 33

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git rev-parse ͍͢͝ 34

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GitHub • API • octokit / go-github • GitHub:Enterprise ରԠ • → ϗετ͕͋Β͔͡Ί෼͔Βͳ͍ 35

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GH:E ϦϞʔτΛऔಘ 1. remote.origin.url 2. ݱࡏͷϒϥϯνʹରԠ͢ΔϦϞʔ τͷ URLʢݫີʹ΍Γ͍ͨਓʣ 36

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Get ϦϞʔτ • $branch = `git symbolic-ref -q HEAD` • $remote = `git conﬁg branch.$branch.remote` • $url = `git conﬁg remote.$remote.url` 37

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͞Βʹ • git conﬁg url..insteadOf • oldURL Λ push/fetch ͢Δ୅ΘΓʹ newURL ʹ 38

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url..insteadOf • git conﬁg [email protected]:motemen/.insteadOf https://github.com/motemen/ • https://github.com/motemen/* ΁ͷΞΫηεΛ [email protected]:motemen/* ʹॻ͖׵͑ 39

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Get ϦϞʔτ: ݁࿦ • git remote show -n ͯ͠ ਖ਼نදݱͰͳΜͱ͔͢Δ 40

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ϦϞʔτ URL • [email protected]:path/to/repo.git/ • “SCP-like URL” • proto://host.xz[:port]/path/to/repo.git/ docs/git-fetch.html#URLS • git fetch-pack --diag-url 41

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ઃఆ • YAML/JSON • git conﬁg 42

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git config • Human readable/writable • KVS • ͋͘·Ͱݸਓઃఆ • .git/config • ~/.gitconfig 43

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git config -f • git config -f <file> • ϓϩδΣΫτݻ༗ͷઃఆΛڞ༗ • cf. .git-pr-release 44

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git conﬁg --get-urlmatch • URL ͝ͱʹઃఆΛมߋͰ͖Δ • git conﬁg --get-urlmatch  ghq.vcs https://example.com/git/ # => “git” 45 [ghq]! vcs = unknown! [ghq "https://example.com/git/"]! vcs = git! [ghq "https://example.com/hg/"]! vcs = hg

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ͪ͜Β͔Β͸Ҏ্Ͱ͢ 46

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͓ΘΓ • ศརͳ Git αϒίϚϯυୡ • symbolic-ref / name-rev / rev-parse / git-sh-setup / conﬁg / remote • …and more • ׆༻͠·͠ΐ͏ • --help -w 47