BitcoinCoreで学ぶブロックチェーン・プログラミング入門

by Shu Kobuchi

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#JUDPJO$PSFͰֶͿ ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯ ϓϩάϥϛϯάೖ໳ ೔ຊ҉߸௨՟Ϣʔβձ!04$౦ژ খᔹपʢ4IV,PCVDIJʣ

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ࣗݾ঺հ w খᔹप 4IV,PCVDIJ w ೥ྸɿY'ࡀʢࠓ೥ͰYࡀʂʂʣ w 04$ͷৗ࿈ w ຊۀ͸γεςϜձࣾͷϒϩοΫνΣʔϯ ࣮຿୲౰4& w TIVLPCVDIJ w !TIV@LPC &UIFSFVNൃ໌ऀ 7JUBMJL#VUFSJOͱ ౦ژϏοτίΠϯϛʔτΞοϓʹͯ

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ίϛϡχςΟͷ঺հ w ೔ຊ҉߸௨՟Ϣʔβձɿ҉߸௨՟ɾϒϩοΫνΣʔϯٕज़Λษڧ͢ΔͨΊͷΤϯδχΞί ϛϡχςΟ w DPOOQBTTʮ҉߸௨՟ಡॻձʗษڧձʯ  IUUQTDSZQUPDVSSFODZDPOOQBTTDPN  ฏ೔໷ʙ౎۠಺Ͱಡॻձ݄̍ճɺษڧձ݄̍ճʢ༵೔΍৔ॴͷݻఆͳ͠ʣ  ˙ಡॻձʮ҉߸௨՟ྠಡձʯ8IJUF1BQFS ӳޠ࿦จ Λߨࢣ͕೔ຊޠͰղઆɿதʙ্ڃऀ޲ ͚  ˙ษڧձʮϏοτίΠϯͱ͔ษڧձʯ҉߸௨՟ٕज़Λߨࢣ͕ղઆɿॳ৺ऀʙதڃऀ޲͚  ˞྆ํͱ΋ొஃऀืूதʂ w :PV5VCFʢษڧձͷΞʔΧΠϒΛࢹௌՄೳʣ  IUUQTXXXZPVUVCFDPNDIBOOFM6$ZFX;.DZ-R2;JWO;RX w DSBTIBDBEFNZʢϏοτίΠϯͱ͔ษڧձΞʔΧΠϒ͕ܝࡌʣ  IUUQTDSBTIBDBEFNZMFDUVSFSDSZQUPDVSSFODZ

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#JUDPJO͋Β·͠ w ೥ʹ4BUPTIJ/BLBNPUP ਖ਼ମෆ໌ ʹΑͬͯߟҊ͞Εɺ೥ ݄ʹՔಇ࢝͠Ίͨ11ిࢠΩϟογϡγεςϜ w #JUDPJO"1FFSUP1FFS&MFDUSJD$BTI4ZTUFN  IUUQTCJUDPJOPSHCJUDPJOQEG w φΧϞτ࿦จ೔ຊޠ༁ʢෳ਺͋Γʣ  IUUQLPHBSBTIJOFUQJUDICMFOEFXQDPOUFOUVQMPBET #JUDPJO8IJUFQBQFS+BQBOFTFQEG w ۚ༥ػؔͷΑ͏ͳ৴པͰ͖ΔୈࡾऀػؔΛඞཁͱͤͣɺར༻ऀ͔Βར ༻ऀ΁௚઀ΦϯϥΠϯͰࢧ෷͍͕Ͱ͖Δ  㱺044ͷد෇ʹ΋࢖͑ͳ͍͔ʁ

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#JUDPJO$PSFΠϯετʔϧ w Πϯετʔϧํ๏  IUUQTRJJUBDPNUPLVPJUFNT FGEGDGDFC w 6CVOUVਪ঑7FS͸-54 w "84Πϯελϯεͩͱɺ  UNJDSPͰϏϧυதϝϞϦΫϥογϡ  UTNBMMͳΒ0,

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NBJOOFUUFTUOFU w .BJOOFUɿ࣮ࡍʹՁ஋ͷ͋Δ#5$ͷ͋ΔωοτϫʔΫ w 5FTUOFUɿ։ൃऀ༻ͷແՁ஋ͳ#5$Λྲྀ௨͍ͤͯ͞Δωο τϫʔΫʢॳ୅ɺ̎୅໨͕Ձ஋͍ͭͯ͠·ͬͨͷͰݱࡏ̏ ୅໨ʣ w 3FHUFTUɿϩʔΧϧ༻Ϟʔυʢ̍୆ͰελϯυΞϩϯɺෳ ਺୆઀ଓ͢Δ͜ͱ΋Մೳʣ

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࠷ॳͷίϚϯυ w CJUDPJOE  Ͱىಈ w CJUDPJOEUFTUOFUUYJOEFYEBFNPO  ΦϓγϣϯΛ͚ͭͯىಈͰ͖Δ w CJUDPJODMJUFTUOFUTUPQ w UFTUOFU։ൃ༻ͷແՁ஋ͳϏοτίΠϯωοτϫʔΫ  UYJOEFYશτϥϯβΫγϣϯΛऔಘʢ༰ྔ͸େ͖͘ͳΔʣ EBFNPOόοΫάϥ΢ϯυىಈ  ଞʹ΋༷ʑͳΦϓγϣϯ

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ઃఆϑΝΠϧ w ઃఆϑΝΠϧΛॻ͍͓ͯ͘ͱىಈ࣌ʹࣗಈͰಡΈࠐ·ΕΔ w dCJUDPJOCJUDPJODPOG w TFSWFS  SQDVTFSVTFS  SQDQBTTXPSEQBTTXPSE  SQDQPSUNBJOOFU͸  UFTUOFUͳͩ͠ͱσϑΥϧτͰNBJOOFU  UYJOEFY  EBFNPO

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CJUDPJOEͱCJUDPJODMJ w #JUDPJO$PSFͰͳͯ͘΋ϓϩτίϧ͕߹͑͹#JUDPJOωοτϫʔΫʹࢀՃͰ͖Δ CJUDPJOE CJUDPJODMJ CJUDPJOE CJUDPJODMJ CJUDPJOE CJUDPJODMJ 11௨৴ 11௨৴ 3FRVFTU 3FTQPOTF +40/31$ 8FCαʔϏε #JUDPJO$PSF #JUDPJO$PSF #JUDPJO$PSF τϥϯβΫγϣϯ ϒϩοΫΛ όέπϦϨʔ

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ಉظͷ֬ೝ w CJUDPJODMJHFUCMPDLDIBJOJOGP  ʜ  CMPDLT   IFBEFST   ʜ w CMPDLT͕ࣗ෼ͷϊʔυͰಉظ͍ͯ͠Δ࠷৽ϒϩοΫ  IFBEFST͕ωοτϫʔΫ্ͰΘ͔ͬͨ࠷৽ϒϩοΫ w ࠷৽ϒϩοΫ·Ͱಉظ͠ͳ͍ͱ࢖͑ͳ͍ίϚϯυ΋͋Δ

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ΞυϨεੜ੒ w CJUDPJODMJHFUOFXBEESFTTPTD  NXP6,+6BEZ;%C#+43CLGLJ:JPQVS  ৽نΞυϨεΛੜ੒ w CJUDPJODMJEVNQQSJWLFZNXP6,+6BEZ;%C#+43CLGLJ:JPQVS  D6U4,C6I"GRDWX99[%[G[459X.SGGIPW5+%461TY1ZR  ΞυϨε͔Βൿີ伴ΛಘΔʢࣗ෼ͷϊʔυ಺ͷ͔͠Θ͔Βͳ͍ʣ w   ൿີ伴 1SJWBUF,FZ ެ։伴 1VCMJD,FZ ΞυϨε "EESFTT Ұҙ Ұҙ ❌ ❌ ൿີ伴Λଞਓʹ஌ΒΕͯ͸͍͚ͳ͍ ϋογϡ ϋογϡ ܭࢉෆՄೳ ܭࢉෆՄೳ

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'BVDFU w 5FTUOFU༻#5$όϥϚΩॴʢෳ਺͋Δʣ w IUUQTUFTUOFUNBOVCBDLFOEIBNCVSHGBVDFU w ϓϩάϥϜॻ͔ͳͯ͘΋ɺ#5$ͳͯ͘΋ɺ'BVDFUͰ 5FTUOFU༻#5$΋Βͬͯɺ5FTUOFU΢ΥϨοτʹૹۚ͢Δ ͱ؆୯ʹମݧͰ͖Δ

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IFMQ w CJUDPJODMJIFMQ  ίϚϯυશ෦Λදࣔͯ͠ͲΜͳػೳ͕͋Δ͔֬ೝ w CJUDPJODMJIFMQTFOEGSPN  IFMQͷҾ਺ʹίϚϯυ໊ΛऔΔͱɺίϚϯυͷৄࡉΛද ࣔ

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ૹۚ w 'BVDFUͰ΋ΒͬͨUFTUOFU#5$Λૹۚͯ͠ΈΔ w TFOEGSPNGSPNBDDPVOUUPBEESFTTBNPVOU w CJUDPJODMJTFOEGSPNPTDNU,G3YNI66S;+YQ++S/FQ5.3$[7;:L  ECBDGEEGDCDCCGGBECCDFBE

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ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯ ΤΫεϓϩʔϥ w IUUQTMJWFCMPDLDZQIFSDPNCUDUFTUOFU w 59*%΍#MPDL "EESFTTͰϒϩοΫνΣʔϯσʔλΛݕࡧ Ͱ͖Δ

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τϥϯβΫγϣϯߏ଄ w ೖྗͱग़ྗ͕΄΅Ұக͢Δෳࣜ฽هܗࣜ w ೖྗ㱢ग़ྗ  ʢೖྗʔग़ྗʣͷ஋͸ωοτϫʔΫख਺ྉͱͳΓɺϚΠ χϯάใुͷ৽نੜ੒෼ ݱࡏ#5$ ͱ߹ࢉͯ͠ϚΠ φʔͷऔΓ෼ͱͳΔ

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5SBOTBDUJPO 59 ߏ଄ 59*%444 O ଠ࿠ͷΞυϨε"Ѽ #5$ 59*%""" O ՖࢠͷΞυϨε(Ѽ #5$ 59*%""" O ଠ࿠ͷΞυϨε$Ѽ #5$ */ */ 065 065 59*%""" 59*%### 59*%9:; O ଠ࿠ͷΞυϨε"Ѽ #5$ 59*%""" O ՖࢠͷΞυϨε(Ѽ #5$ ωοτϫʔΫख਺ྉ #5$ 59*%### O ೋ࿠ͷΞυϨε1Ѽ #5$ 59*%### O ՖࢠͷΞυϨε)Ѽ #5$ ωοτϫʔΫख਺ྉ #5$ ΞυϨεʹରԠ͢Δ ൿີ伴͕͋Ε͹6590 ͷϩοΫΛղআͯ͠ ࢖༻Մೳ 59*%333 O ଠ࿠ͷΞυϨε#Ѽ #5$ 59*%""" O ߒࢠͷΞυϨε'Ѽ #5$ ͓௼ΓΛࣗ෼Ѽʹ

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59ͷ࿈ͳΓ w 0VUQVU͕ͲͷϒϩοΫʹ΋ه࿥͞Ε͍ͯͳ͚Ε͹ɺະ࢖༻  6590 6OTQFOU5SBOTBDUJPO0VUQVU

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࢒ߴͷදݱ w ଠ࿠ͷΞυϨε"͕͍͘Β͍࣋ͬͯΔ͔͸֤ϊʔυͷ୆ாʹه࿥͞Ε͍ͯ Δ w ଠ࿠͸ΞυϨε̍ͭͱ͸ݶΒͳ͍ w ࢒ߴ͸6590ͷ͔͖ूΊͰදݱ  ଠ࿠ͷΞυϨε"ʹ ɺΞυϨε#ʹ #5$  ଠ࿠ͷ߹ܭ͸#5$ w ൿີ伴Λ͍࣋ͬͯΔͱॴ༗͍ͯ͠Δͱݴ͑Δ w ٯʹ͍͏ͱɺൿີ伴͕Θ͔Βͳ͘ͳΔͱฆࣦ w ୭͔ʹ஌ΒΕΔͱɺ౪·ΕΔՄೳੑ

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ϒϩοΫΛ࡞Δ w 59PVUQVU͕ೋॏ࢖༻͞Εͳ͍࢓૊Έ͕ඞཁ w ؅ཧऀͳ͠Ͱ࢖༻ࡁΈʹ͢Δ࡞ۀΛͲ͏͢Δ͔ʁ w 11ͰΈΜͳ͕޷͖উखʹ࢖༻ࡁΈʹ͢Δ࡞ۀΛ͢Δͱ໓ ஡ۤ஡ w 1SPPGPG8PSLͱ͍͏ίϯηϯαεΞϧΰϦζϜͰ࢖༻ࡁ Έͷ߹ҙΛ͢Δ w ϚΠχϯάͰϒϩοΫΛ࡞Δ

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DFGGE DEBE DEDDD FBG લͷϒϩοΫϔομ ϒϩοΫਤղ w ϒϩοΫϔομͷϋογϡΛφϯεΛͲΜͲΜม͑ͯܭࢉʢϚΠχϯάʣ  DFGGEDEBEDEDDDFBG w ಄ʹ͕࿈ଓ͢ΔϋογϡΛݟ͚ͭΔͷ͸ࠔ೉ʢ֬཰తʹͱͯ΋খ͍͞΋ͷΛݟ͚ͭΔʣ  ໿෼ʹ̍ݸͷϒϩοΫ͕Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ಄ͷͷܻ਺Λ໿̎िؒ͝ͱʹௐ੔ w ిؾ୅͕όΧΈ͍ͨʹ͔͔Δ w 1SPPGPG8PSLʢ࡞ۀূ໌ʣʹΑΓɺվ͟Μ͢Δʹ΋๲େͳܭࢉΛ΍Γ௚͞ͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍  㱺ɹ଱վ͟Μੑ͕͋Δ w ϚΠφʔʹΑΔϚΠχϯάڝ૪Ͱɺ̍ϒϩοΫੜ੒Ͱݱࡏ#5$ͱؚ·ΕΔ59ͷख਺ྉશ෦͕ใु w վ͟Μ͢Δʹ΋͔͔ۚΔ͠ɺյ͢ΑΓ΋ਖ਼͍͠खॱͰϒϩοΫΛ࡞ͬͨํ͕Ṷ͔Δ  ΠϯηϯςΟϒΛ༻͍ͯɺߦಈܦࡁֶతʹγεςϜ͕ҡ࣋͞ΕΔ࢓૊Έ લϒϩοΫϔομ ͷϋογϡ ࡞੒͢ΔϒϩοΫ λΠϜελϯϓ φϯε ύϥϝʔλ 59ͷ୅ද஋ ϚʔΫϧϧʔτ ͻͨ͢Βม͑Δ ϋογϡܭࢉ

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ϒϩοΫͰঝೝ w ϒϩοΫʹ59͕औΓࠐ·ΕΔͱɺ$POpSNBUJPO ঝೝ ͞Ε ͨͱݴΘΕΔ w डऔਓ͸ड͚औͬͨ59͕ঝೝ͞ΕΔͱૹۚऀͷೋॏ࢖༻ͷ ϦεΫ͕ͳ͘ͳΔ w ٯΛݴ͏ͱɺϒϩοΫʹऔΓࠐ·Εͨͱ͍͏͜ͱ͸6590 ͕࢖༻ࡁΈʹͳͬͨͱ͍͏͜ͱ͕޿ใ͞ΕΔ w ࢖༻ࡁΈʹͳͬͨ͜ͱΛΈΜͳʹ஌ΒͤΔ͜ͱʹΑΓɺೋ ॏࢧ෷͍Λ๷͙

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ϒϩοΫਤղ w ϒϩοΫ͕෼ذͨ࣌͠͸௕͍ํʹͭͳ͍͛ͯ͘ w ঎༻ར༻Ͱ͸ঝೝͰ҆શͱݴΘΕΔ w ϚΠφʔใु͸ঝೝ͠ͳ͍ͱ࢖༻Ͱ͖ͳ͍ ❌ ࠷৽ϒϩοΫ தͷ59͸ঝೝ தͷ59͸ঝೝ தͷ59͸ঝೝ

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ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯɾϓϩάϥϛϯά Ծ૝௨՟ೖ໳ w ॻ੶൛ɺ,JOEMF൛΋͋Γ w ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯɾϓϩάϥϛϯάԾ૝௨՟ೖ໳  ʢࢁ࡚ॏҰ࿠ɾ҆౔ໜږɾాதढ़ଠ࿠ஶɹߨஊࣾग़൛ʣ

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஫ҙ w ࠓճͷ࿩͸ɺϏοτίΠϯ΍ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯͷษڧ༻ͷ ಺༰Ͱ͢ɻ w ࣄۀϨϕϧͰ͸ηΩϡϦςΟʹ͍͔ͭͯͳΓߟ͑ͳ͚Ε͹ ͳΓ·ͤΜɻ

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ίϛϡχςΟͷ঺հ ࠶ܝ w ೔ຊ҉߸௨՟Ϣʔβձɿ҉߸௨՟ɾϒϩοΫνΣʔϯٕज़Λษڧ͢ΔͨΊͷΤϯδχΞί ϛϡχςΟ w DPOOQBTTʮ҉߸௨՟ಡॻձʗษڧձʯ  IUUQTDSZQUPDVSSFODZDPOOQBTTDPN  ฏ೔໷ʙ౎۠಺Ͱಡॻձ݄̍ճɺษڧձ݄̍ճʢ༵೔΍৔ॴͷݻఆͳ͠ʣ  ˙ಡॻձʮ҉߸௨՟ྠಡձʯ8IJUF1BQFS ӳޠ࿦จ Λߨࢣ͕೔ຊޠͰղઆɿதʙ্ڃऀ޲ ͚  ˙ษڧձʮϏοτίΠϯͱ͔ษڧձʯ҉߸௨՟ٕज़Λߨࢣ͕ղઆɿॳ৺ऀʙதڃऀ޲͚  ˞྆ํͱ΋ొஃऀืूதʂ w :PV5VCFʢษڧձͷΞʔΧΠϒΛࢹௌՄೳʣ  IUUQTXXXZPVUVCFDPNDIBOOFM6$ZFX;.DZ-R2;JWO;RX w DSBTIBDBEFNZʢϏοτίΠϯͱ͔ษڧձΞʔΧΠϒ͕ܝࡌʣ  IUUQTDSBTIBDBEFNZMFDUVSFSDSZQUPDVSSFODZ

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ࢀߟࢿྉ

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Α͋͘Δޡղ w ʮϒϩοΫνΣʔϯ͸طଘσʔλϕʔεΛஔ͖׵͑Δ৽ܕ ͷσʔλϕʔεͰɺϒϩοΫνΣʔϯ͑͞࢖͑͹ԿͰ΋Ͱ ͖Δຐ๏ͷಓ۩ʯ❌ w ʮϏοτίΠϯ͸ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯʹΑͬͯ࡞ΒΕͨԾ૝ ௨՟ʯ❌  ˠϏοτίΠϯͷج൫ٕज़͕ޙʹzϒϩοΫνΣʔϯͱݺ ͹ΕΔΑ͏ʹͳͬͨ  ˞φΧϞτ࿦จͰ͸ɺzCMPDLz lDIBJOzͱ͍͏୯ޠ͸ผʑ Ͱग़ͯ͘Δ͕ɺzCMPDLDIBJOzͱ͍͏୯ޠ͸ͳ͍

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ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯ͸طଘͷ%# ͱԿ͕ҧ͏ʁ w %#͸੩తͳσʔλ͕อଘ͞Ε͍ͯΔ w ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯ͸ঢ়ଶมԽΛه࿥͢Δʢಈతʣ w #JUDPJOͷτϥϯβΫγϣϯ ҎԼɺ59 ͸ෳࣜ฽هܗࣜ w %#Ͱ΋ಈతͳมԽΛه࿥͢Δ͜ͱ͸͋Δʢ؂ࠪͷͨΊͷϩάɿࣾһ ͷଠ࿠͕ސ٬Ֆࢠ͞ΜͷॅॴΛz࡛ۄݝʜz͔Βz౦ژ౎ʜzʹߋ৽͠ ͨʣ w %#ͷϨίʔυʹߋ৽લͷ஋ΛೖΕΔઃܭ΋͋Δ w ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯ͸؂ࠪΛ༰қʹ͢Δ

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ެڞτϥϯβΫγϣϯϩά w IUUQTKBXJLJQFEJBPSHXJLJ &&&&# &"&#  8JLJQFEJBʹΑΔͱɺ ϏοτίΠϯʢӳ: bitcoinʣ͸ɺެڞτϥϯβΫγϣϯϩάΛར༻͍ͯ͠ΔΦʔϓϯ ιʔεϓϩτίϧʹجͮ͘Peer to Peerܕͷܾࡁ໢͓Αͼ҉߸௨՟Ͱ͋Δɻ