Neogeography - Speaker Deck

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NEOGEOGRAPHY Alex Singleton University College London Department of Geography and Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis ! Spatial is Special! – www.spatial-literacy.org

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Google Trends “GIS"

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Google Trends “Google Maps"

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Google Trends Google Maps GIS Google Earth Linear Scale (y) Searches by keyword relative to all searches Demonstrates order of magnitude

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Neogeography is part of Web 2.0 • Web 2.0 is the “business revolution in the computer industry caused by the move to the Internet as platform, and an attempt to understand the rules for success on that new platform” (O’Reilly, 2006) • Perceived second generation of web-based communities and hosted services — such as social- networking sites, wikis, and folksonomies — which aim to facilitate creativity, collaboration, and sharing between users.

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Neogeography has... • Transformed prevailing view of what GIS is… – For better or worse – For many Google is now GIS • Pushed the development of... – Pervasive GIS – “Wikification” of GIS (Sui, 2008)

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It is important to remember... • Neogeography is GIS not GISc – GIScience is about the deeper conceptual grounding of successful applications • the bigger questions about how the world works • an applications-led technology is useful for exploring the world around us

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NEOGEOGRAPHY? So what is

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Geoweb = Geographic Internet • “The Geoweb 2.0 is the geographic content and application services of the ‘new’ web. It describes the way people will publish, find and use geographic information” David Maguire – ESRI (2006) http://gismatters.blogspot.com/2006/06/geoweb-20.html http://www.esri.com/library/whitepapers/pdfs/geoweb.pdf

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Typical Geoweb (interface)

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Typical Geoweb (interface)

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Google

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Yahoo

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Live Local

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Google Earth

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So what are visual differences between geoweb and geoweb 2.0 websites?

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Merge – Nokia (Q1 2008) Deal worth $8.1 billion Google Maps, Yahoo! Maps, Local Live, and MapQuest. 2007 Bidding War – TomTom and Garmin TomTom - €2.9 billion Under the hood: Data

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Under the hood: API 3rd Party Application Builder Data : ! •Open Formats •Geo-RSS •KML •XML •“Tiles”

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TomTom Other elements of Neogeography... Mobile mapping

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Other elements of Neogeography... names • Map Mash-ups, Map Hacks, Crowd Sourcing, API’s, Neogeography, geostack, tags, geospatial, geotechnologies and folksonomies • Nothing new – internet has always invented terms – ‘new economy’, ’cyberspace’, ‘dot.com’, ‘ecommerce’, ’information superhighway’

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API? So what can you do with an

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CASE STUDY - Environment: Emergency Evacuation • Major natural and human-induced events may necessitate area evacuations • GIS can be used to create effective evacuation vulnerability maps based on – Distribution of population – Street map • Model demand and impact of bottlenecks on speed of evacuation using standard GIS network tools – Adjacency, connectivity, shortest path network calculation

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• Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) – set of standards for Web mapping – Standards tested: Hurricane Response • Meteorological (remote sensing satellites) • Demographic • Terrain CASE STUDY - Environment: Emergency Evacuation

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Why Google and not OGC • Bottom up V Top Down – Community building their own inteligence • Simple to use / build • Immediate • Scalable – The Cloud

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The case of Brangelina “The process of opening online content to allow for collaboration from users” WordSpy.

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http://googlesightseeing.com/2007/05/24/angelina-jolies-geocache- tattoo/

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/mathowie/8496262/

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http://bbc.blueghost.co.uk/travel_data/).

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http://www.openstreetmap.org/ Volunteered Geographic Information

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NEOGEOGRAPHY? All very interesting Alex, but why are YOU talking about

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2004 2006 Name Mapping

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National Trust Names - Goodchild 1881 1998

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National Trust Names - Goodchild

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Outreach: Media exposure

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And then some more!

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Initial Impact ~210k Unique Daily Users ~150k Unique Daily Users

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Peak 1: Migration (Australia, NZ)

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Peak 2: Wealth

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Peak 2: Wealth http://www.spatial-literacy.org/?page_id=62

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Initial Coverage • UK Centric • Some limited coverage in NZ, Australia, North America • What next?

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• www.publicprofiler.org/worldnames • Track international migration flows • Develop a classification of names – Links cultural, ethnic, linguistic roots of names

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• 26 countries in America, Europe, Asia and Oceania • Individual level data for 300 million people (full name and address) • 10.8 million unique surnames • 6.5 million unique forenames • Statistics at postcode level

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Singleton

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www.onomap.org

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Surnames UK Electoral Roll Forenames Pablo Mateos Garcia Pérez ... Juan Rosa Marta ... Sánchez Rodríguez ... • Several iterations until self-contained cluster is exhausted • Cluster assigned an Onomap type Mateos et al (2007) CASA Working Paper 116

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Forename : ALEX - SCOTTISH    Surname : SINGLETON - ENGLISH    Overall Classification of this Person - ENGLISH

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Desktop Software

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Welsh Names “aim was to establish a Welsh colony which would preserve the Welsh language and culture” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimosa_(ship) Mimosa (1865) 185 Welsh

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Awoke to find “Singleton” Name discussed on Radio4 Unique Users Traffic mainly UK media – Similar to previous press releases Some coverage in Europe Some International – Hong Kong, Singapore, Vietnam, Australia and New Zealand Picked up by large French news (20minutes.fr) website – spawned a lot of EU traffic - No additional press release!

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Also on

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Build your own Neogeography • What are the problems – Can’t share easily – Static – No context (e.g. built environment) .... • Easy solution... – Convert to KML and display on google maps? – NO! Traditional choropleth map

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Why “NO”! • KML Vector Format – Large maps – lots complex vector data – Google maps API – KML limit ~ 2meg • 2 Possible solutions – Limit complexity of the data shown – keep as vector • E.g. London MET Police Crime – Use Raster • Slippy Maps - Tiles

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KML (Vector)

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Raster - with Gmap Creator

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Overlay & Transparency 100% 50%

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London Profiler

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London Profiler – IMD

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London Profiler – Multicultural Atlas

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London Profiler – Multicultural Atlas

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London Profiler –

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SHARING? Isn’t Neogeography all about

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Maptube

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Maptube Select Multiple Layers •Tiles •Remotely Hosted Fade Control Close Legend

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http://digitalurban.blogspot.com

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NEOGEOGRAPHY A word of caution about

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Profiling for Public Engagement • The e-Society • 1990s – Technology Use – “Haves” & “Have-nots” – Digital Divide • 2007 things are radically different – Usage & Engagement increasingly more complex • Created a classification which consisted of 8 Groups & 23 Types. – Links to Postcode.

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Profiling for Public Engagement Members of this Group often acquire their competence in the use of information technology at work, since many of them are young people working in junior white collar occupations in modern offices. They are keen to become more expert in the use of new technologies and to use them for new applications. Many spend time browsing the Internet but without necessarily making many transactions. Many members of this Group work in large cities and may be starting a life in a house that they own, typically in one of the cheaper inner suburbs. Their use of the Internet at work may be a practice that their employers may be keen to control or reduce. Group C : Becoming engaged