iOSと人工知能(AI) -GPU並列演算の仕組みと機械学習-

by yuky_az

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J04ͱਓ޻஌ೳ "* (16ฒྻԋࢉͷ࢓૊Έͱػցֶश :VLJOBHB"[VNB !ZVLZ@B[ J04%$+BQBO

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ࣗݾ঺հ :VLJOBHB"[VNB  ʢզ࠺޾௕ʣ ΤϯδχΞ3%ϓϩάϥϛϯάߨࢣ େֶͷݚڀһɺϝʔΧʔۈ຿ɺϓϩάϥϛϯά ߨࢣɺϕϯνϟʔۈ຿Λܦͯݱࡏ͸ϑϦʔϥϯε !ZVLZ@B[ ΈΜͳͷ"*ߨ࠲  ࣮ફσʔλαΠΤϯεػցֶशXJUI1ZUIPO 6EFNZͰडߨੜ਺͕ਓΛಥഁʂ ޷͖ͳݴ༿ 5IFCFTUXBZUPQSFEJDUUIFGVUVSFJTUPJOWFOUJU

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ൃදͷྲྀΕ ষਓ޻஌ೳ "* ͱ͸ ষJ04ͷதͷ"* ষ.FUBMʹΑΔ(16ฒྻԋࢉ (1(16 ষ.FUBMʹΑΔ"*ͷ࣮૷

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1ষ. ਓ޻஌ೳʢAIʣͱ͸ wਓ޻஌ೳͷ֓ཁ wػցֶशͱ͸ wχϡʔϥϧωοτϫʔΫͱ͸ w4XJGUͰ࣮૷͢ΔόοΫϓϩύήʔγϣϯ

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ੜ෺ͷ஌ೳΛ໛฿͢Δٕज़ ਓ޻஌ೳͱ͸Կ͔ʁ

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ڧ͍AIͱऑ͍AI ڧ͍"* ˠੜ෺ʢಛʹώτʣͷ஌ೳʹഭΔ"* FHυϥ͑΋Μɺమ࿹ΞτϜɺ$10ͳͲ ऑ͍"* ˠݶఆతͳ໰୊ղܾ΍ਪ࿦ FHνΣε΍কعͷ"*ɺը૾ೝࣝͳͲ

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ਓ޻஌ೳͷ༻్ʢऑ͍AIʣ ը૾ॲཧ ˠ෺ମೝࣝɺը૾ੜ੒  Ի੠ɺձ࿩ ˠԻ੠ೝࣝɺձ࿩Τϯδϯ จষͷೝࣝɺจষͷ࡞੒ ˠνϟοτϩϘοτɺখઆͷࣥච ػց੍ޚ ˠࣗಈӡసɺ࢈ۀ༻ϩϘοτ ࡞ۂɺֆըͳͲͷΞʔτ ˠࣗಈ࡞ۂɺը෩ͷ໛฿ FUDʜ

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ਓ޻஌ೳͷछྨ ػցֶश ˠίϯϐϡʔλ͕ܦݧɺֶशΛߦ͏  Ҩ఻తΞϧΰϦζϜ ˠੜ෺ͷҨ఻ࢠΛ໛฿ɺΞϧΰϦζϜ͕ಥવมҟٴͼަ഑͢Δ  ܈஌ೳ ˠੜ෺ͷ܈ΕΛ໛฿ɺݸମͷू߹ମ͕ߴ౓ͳৼΔ෣͍ ϑΝδΠ੍ޚɺΤΩεύʔτγεςϜɺFUDʜ

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ػցֶशͱ͸ ਓ޻஌ೳͷҰ෼໺ ίϯϐϡʔλϓϩάϥϜ͕ܦݧɺֶशΛߦ͏γεςϜ

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ػցֶशͷΞϧΰϦζϜ αϙʔτϕΫλʔϚγϯ ˠ௒ฏ໘Λ܇࿅͠෼ྨΛߦ͏ ڧԽֶश ˠใु͕࠷΋ߴ͍ํ๏Λֶश ܾఆ໦ ˠࢬ෼͔ΕͰσʔλΛ෼ྨ  χϡʔϥϧωοτϫʔΫ ˠ೴ͷਆܦࡉ๔ωοτϫʔΫΛ໛฿   Ξϯαϯϒϧֶशɺ,ۙ๣๏ɺFUDʜ

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χϡʔϥϧωοτϫʔΫʹΑΔػցֶश Ϛ΢εͷେ೴৽ൽ࣭ʹ͓͚Δਆܦࡉ๔ *NBHF/SFUT$$CZTB/FVSPO8JLJQFEJB χϡʔϥϧωοτϫʔΫ͸ɺੜ෺ͷਆܦࡉ๔ωοτϫʔΫΛ໛฿

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ਆܦࡉ๔ͷωοτϫʔΫ ग़ྗ ೖྗ χϡʔϩϯ थঢ়ಥى ώτͷ೴ʹ͸ԯݸͷਆܦࡉ๔ ஹݸͷ݁߹ʢγφϓεʣ γφϓε ࣠ࡧ

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ਆܦࡉ๔ͷϞσϧԽ ೖྗ ೖྗ ೖྗ ɾ ɾ ɾ ɾ ɾ ɾ ग़ྗ ೖྗY݁߹ՙॏͷ߹ܭόΠΞεY݁߹ՙॏ Λग़ྗʹม׵͢Δؔ਺ χϡʔϩϯ όΠΞε ݁߹ՙॏ

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χϡʔϥϧωοτϫʔΫ ೖྗ ೖྗ ग़ྗ ग़ྗ χϡʔϩϯ

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όοΫϓϩύήʔγϣϯʹΑΔֶश ೖྗ ೖྗ ग़ྗ ग़ྗ χϡʔϩϯ ೖྗ૚ தؒ૚ ग़ྗ૚ ਖ਼ղ ਖ਼ղ ޡࠩ ޡࠩ ݁߹ՙॏͷमਖ਼ ݁߹ՙॏͷमਖ਼ ݁߹ՙॏͷमਖ਼ ݁߹ՙॏͷमਖ਼

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σΟʔϓϥʔχϯάͱ͸ ଟ૚Ͱߏ੒͞ΕΔχϡʔϥϧωοτϫʔΫΛ༻͍ͨػցֶश

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Demo: SwiftʹΑΔػցֶश ࠷ٸ߱Լ๏ͷΞϧΰϦζϜʹΑΓ ޡࠩΛٯ఻೻͢Δ ߦ΄Ͳͷ4XJGUίʔυ  ֤૚ͷχϡʔϩϯ਺͸< >ݸ TJOؔ਺Λਖ਼ղ஋ͱͯ͠ όοΫϓϩύήʔγϣϯʹΑΓֶश χϡʔϥϧωοτϫʔΫ ޡࠩ 8JLJQFEJB#BDLQSPQBHBUJPO ݁߹ՙॏͷमਖ਼ྔʢБֶश܎਺ʣ ˠग़ྗ૚ ˠग़ྗ૚Ҏ֎

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Demo: SwiftʹΑΔػցֶश

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2ষ. iOSͷதͷAI w$PSF.- w.14 .FUBM1FSGPSNBODF4IBEFST w#//4 #BTJD/FVSBM/FUXPSL4VCSPVUJOFT w(BNFQMBZ,JU

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Frameworkͷߏ੒ $PSF.- :PVSBQQ Vision "DDFSBSBUFBOE#//4 ϋʔυ΢ΣΞଆ Ϣʔβʔଆ .FUBM1FSGPSNBODF4IBEFST Natural Language Processing GameplayKit IUUQTEFWFMPQFSBQQMFDPNEPDVNFOUBUJPODPSFNM

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Core ML ˠ܇࿅ʢֶशʣࡁΈͷϞσϧΛΞϓϦʹಋೖ͢Δ ˠػցֶशͷ༧ଌʹಛԽ ˠओཁͳػցֶशπʔϧͷ܇࿅ࡁΈϞσϧΛ࢖༻Մ  ʢTDJLJUMFBSOɺ,FSBTɺ$BGFFɺFUDʜʣ Ԡ༻ ˠإೝࣝɺ෺ମೝࣝ ˠࣗવݴޠॲཧɺ຋༁ ˠՁ֨ͳͲͷ༧ଌ 

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.14 .FUBM1FSGPSNBODF4IBEFST ˠ(16Λ༻͍ͨ.FUBMͷߴ͍ԋࢉػೳΛΞϓϦʹಋೖ ˠػցֶशͷ༧ଌʹಛԽ ˠ৞ΈࠐΈχϡʔϥϧωοτϫʔΫͷ"1*ʢ.14$//ʣ  ˠ$PSF.-ΑΓ΋ίʔυ͕ෳࡶ  "QQMFͷαϯϓϧίʔυ ˠ.14$//)FMMP8PSMEʢจࣈೝࣝʣ ˠ.FUBM*NBHF3FDPHOJUJPOʢը૾ೝࣝʣ ˠ.FUBM*NBHF'JMUFSTʢը૾ϑΟϧλʣ 

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#//4 #BTJD/FVSBM/FUXPSL4VCSPVUJOFT ˠ਺஋ܭࢉॲཧશൠΛѻ͏"DDFMFSBUFʹؚ·ΕΔ  ˠ$16ͷੑೳΛϑϧʹҾ͖ग़ͯ͠ԋࢉΛߦ͏ ˠػցֶशͷ༧ଌʹಛԽ  ˠ৞ΈࠐΈχϡʔϥϧωοτϫʔΫΛαϙʔτ 

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ˠήʔϜͷϩδοΫΛߏங͢ΔͨΊͷϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ ˠ$PSF.-ΛϕʔεʹɺఢΩϟϥͳͲͷಈ͖ʹ ɹֶशࡁΈͷܾఆ໦ͳͲΛ࢖༻Մ ˠϛχϚοΫε๏ʹΑΔରઓ૬खͷ"* ˠ"HFOUT (PBMT BOE#FIBWJPSTʹΑΔ ɹࣗ཯తʹಈ͘ΦϒδΣΫτ (BNFQMBZ,JU

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"#JPOJDνοϓͷొ৔ ˠඵ࠷େ ԯͷԋࢉॲཧ ˠχϡʔϥϧΤϯδϯʹΑΔػցֶशΞϧΰϦζϜͷߴ଎Խ  ˠ"QQMFಠࣗઃܭͷ(16  ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫˍϋʔυ΢ΣΞͱ΋ʹɺ ୺຤ଆͷ"*؀ڥ͕੔͏

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3ষ. MetalʹΑΔGPUฒྻԋࢉ (GPGPU) w(16ฒྻԋࢉͱ͸ w.FUBMͷొ৔ਓ෺ wύϑΥʔϚϯεͷଌఆ

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GPUฒྻԋࢉʢGPGPUʣͱ͸ GPUͷԋࢉϦιʔεΛը૾ॲཧҎ֎ʹར༻ $16 (16

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.FUBMͱ͸ 0QFO(-ͱ0QFO$-ʹࣅͨػೳΛҰͭͷ"1*ʹ౷߹ $16ͱ(16ͷγʔϜϨεͳ࿈ܞ

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CPUͱGPUͷ࿈ܞ EFWFMPQFSBQQMFDPNNFUBM

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Metal CPUଆͷొ৔ਓ෺ 1 .5-%FWJDF୯Ұͷ(16ͷΠϯλʔϑΣΠε .FUBMؔ࿈ͷ"1*͸ଟ͕͘ϓϩτίϧͰهࡌ EFWJDF.5-$SFBUF4ZTUFN%FGBVMU%FWJDF QSJOUEFWJDFOBNF"QQMF"(16

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Metal CPUଆͷొ৔ਓ෺ 2 .5-%FWJDF͕ҎԼΛੜ੒   .5--JCSBSZˠγΣʔμʔ΁ͷΠϯλʔϑΣΠε .5-'VODUJPOˠ.FUBM4IBEJOH-BOHVBHFͰॻ͔Εͨؔ਺ .5-$PNQVUF1JQFMJOF4UBUFˠ.5-'VODUJPOΛίϯύΠϧ͞Εͨίʔυʹม׵ .5-$PNQVUF$PNNBOE&ODPEFSˠίϚϯυΛ(16༻ʹΤϯίʔυ .5-$PNNBOE#V⒎FSˠ(16Ͱ࣮ߦ͞ΕΔίϚϯυΛ֨ೲ .5-$PNNBOE2VFVFˠ্هͷΩϡʔɺίϚϯυͷ࣮ߦॱΛ؅ཧ

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Metal Shading Language JODMVEFNFUBM@TUEMJC VTJOHOBNFTQBDFNFUBM LFSOFMWPJEBEE0OF DPOTUEFWJDFqPBUJOQVU%BUB<<CV⒎FS >> EFWJDFqPBUPVUQVU%BUB<<CV⒎FS >> VJOUJE<<UISFBE@QPTJUJPO@JO@HSJE>> \ qPBUSFTVMUJOQVU%BUB SFTVMUG PVUQVU%BUBSFTVMU ^ ֤εϨου͝ͱʹ࣮ߦ͞ΕΔ

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Experiment: GPU vs CPU ɾೖྗʹΛ଍ͯ͠Ҿ͘Λ܁Γฦ͢ ɾ$16ଆͰ͸ɺ্هΛສY/ճ ɾ(16ଆͰ͸ສεϨουY/ճ LFSOFMWPJEBEE"OE4VCUSBDU DPOTUEFWJDFqPBUJOQVU%BUB<<CV⒎FS >> EFWJDFqPBUPVUQVU%BUB<<CV⒎FS >> VJOUJE<<UISFBE@QPTJUJPO@JO@HSJE>> \ qPBUSFTVMUJOQVU%BUB GPS VJOUJJ/J \ SFTVMUG SFTVMUG ^ PVUQVU%BUBSFTVMU ^

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Experiment: CPU vs GPUͷ݁Ռ ഒఔ౓

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Experiment: CPU vs GPUͷ݁Ռʢର਺ʣ $16(16ؒͷ΍ΓͱΓΛ࠷খݶʹ͢Δ͜ͱ͕େࣄ

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4ষ. MetalʹΑΔAIͷ࣮૷ wχϡʔϥϧωοτϫʔΫόοΫϓϩύήʔγϣϯ wਓ޻ੜ໋ͷ࣮૷ w܈஌ೳͷ࣮૷

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݁߹ՙॏͷमਖ਼ྔΛ౷߹͠ɺ৽ͨͳ݁߹ՙॏͱ͢Δ (16 $16 JE ਖ਼ղ஋ ͱͷޡࠩ JE ʜ JE QPTJUJPO QPTJUJPO QPTJUJPO ਖ਼ղ஋ ͱͷޡࠩ ਖ਼ղ஋ ͱͷޡࠩ Demo: MetalʹΑΔػցֶशͷྫ

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ʢ6**NBHF7JFXͷαϒΫϥεʣ 7JFX$POUSPMMFSTXJGU .FUBM.BOBHFSTXJGU 4IBEFSNFUBM Demo: MetalʹΑΔػցֶशͷྫ

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Demo: MetalʹΑΔػցֶशͷྫ

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Demo: MetalͰ࣮૷͢Δਓ޻ੜ໋ -ઢ஬ͷίωΫτίʔϜ $ɾΤϨΨϯε8JLJQFEJB $ɾΤϨΨϯε8JLJQFEJB ઢ஬ͷҰछɺ$ΤϨΨϯε ମࡉ๔ݸͷ͏ͪɺ໿ݸ͕ਆܦࡉ๔ ਆܦࡉ๔ͷ઀ଓঢ়ଶΛදͨ͠஍ਤʢίωΫτίʔϜʣ

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Demo: MetalͰ࣮૷͢Δਓ޻ੜ໋ -֓೦ B ೏͍ͷ෼෍ ײ֮ثͷҐஔ C D E F ೖྗ1 = a - b ೖྗ2 = c - d ೖྗ3 = e ଎౓ < >ͷχϡʔϥϧωοτϫʔΫ ೖྗ1 ೖྗ2 ೖྗ3 ਐߦ֯౓ͷ  मਖ਼ྔ རಘ རಘײ৘

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Demo: MetalͰ࣮૷͢Δਓ޻ੜ໋

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Demo: ܈஌ೳ ਓ޻஌ೳͷҰछɺूஂͱͯ͠ߴ౓ͳৼΔ෣͍

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Demo: ܈஌ೳ -܈Εͷ3ͭͷϧʔϧ B౳ڑ཭֤ݸମ͕౳ڑ཭ΛอͭΑ͏ʹಈ͘ Cฒߦ֤ݸମ͕ଞͷݸମͱಉ͡޲͖ʹͳΔΑ͏ʹಈ͘ D౳଎֤ݸମ͸ଞͷݸମͱಉ͡଎౓ʹͳΔΑ͏ʹಈ͘

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Demo: ܈஌ೳ -਺ࣜԽ B౳ڑ཭ Cฒߦ D౳଎౓

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Demo: ܈஌ೳ -γΣʔμʔͷίʔυ LFSOFMWPJENPWF ʜ GPS VJOUJJOPEF$PVOUJ \ ʜ ౳ڑ཭ qPBUBUUSBDUJPOFYQ C EJTUBODFB EJTUBODFB qPBUSFQVMTJPOFYQ CEJTUBODFEJTUBODF E"OHMFBMQIB OFBS"OHMFBUUSBDUJPOGBS"OHMFSFQVMTJPO JOUFSWBM ฒߦ qPBUQBSBMMFM"OHMF%JGHFU3BOHFE"OHMF OPEFBOHMFDVSSFOU/PEFBOHMF E"OHMFCFUBQBSBMMFM"OHMF%JGFYQ CEJTUBODFEJTUBODF JOUFSWBM ౳଎౓ qPBUOPEF7FMPDJUZTRSU OPEFWFMPDJUZ9OPEFWFMPDJUZ9OPEFWFMPDJUZ:OPEFWFMPDJUZ: WFMPDJUZHBNNB OPEF7FMPDJUZWFMPDJUZ FYQ CEJTUBODFEJTUBODF ^

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Demo: ܈஌ೳ

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·ͱΊ "*༻ͷϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͷॆ࣮ ˠ୺຤ଆͰಈ࡞͢Δ"*ͷଘࡏײͷ޲্ J04ͱਓ޻஌ೳʢ"*ʣʹ͍ͭͯ .FUBMʹΑΔ(16ฒྻԋࢉ ˠ"*ʹඞཁͳ๲େͳϦιʔεΛఏڙ  ˠࣗ༝ʹਓ޻஌ೳΛߏஙͰ͖Δ J04ΞϓϦʹɺ஌ੑ͕॓Γͭͭ͋Δ

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͝੩ௌɺ͋Γ͕ͱ͏͍͟͝·ͨ͠ʂ

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৞ΈࠐΈχϡʔϥϧωοτϫʔΫ ৞ΈࠐΈχϡʔϥϧωοτϫʔΫ ˠ$POWPMVUJPOBM/FVSBM/FUXPSL $// ˠώτͷࢹਆܦٴͼࢹ֮໺Λ໛฿ ˠը૾಺ͷಛ௃Λநग़͠ɺ෺ମͷೝࣝΛߦ͏ $// ωί Πψ ΢αΪ ωζϛ ʜ

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%$("/ ˠ%FFQ$PWPMVUJPOBM(FOFSBUJWF"EWFSTBSJBM/FUXPSLT ˠآ࡞ऀɺؑఆऀͷͭͷχϡʔϥϧωοτϫʔΫ ˠ্ه͕૬ޓʹ੾᛭ୖຏ͢Δ͜ͱͰɺຊ෺Β͍͠ը૾͕ੜ੒͞ΕΔ ϥϯμϜͳσʔλ (FOFSBUPS آ࡞ऀ %JTDSJNJOBUPS ؑఆऀ ਅ࡞ ؑఆऀ͕ ὃ͞ΕΔ آ࡞