The Learning Machine

Artificial Intelligence, in the form of Machine Learning (ML), has already transformed medicine, retail sales, and other industries. It is about to enter all our lives, whether we want it or not! In this session, we will quickly develop a basic understanding of AI, and its advantages, applications, and difficulties.

Interested in content like this? Then check out The Free-Range Technologist from Prof C. https://frtech.substack.com/

Transcript

1. Meet the Learning Machine
   J Scott Christianson
   Associate Teaching Professor
   How Artificial Intelligence is transforming our world!
   

   View Slide

2. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
   Definitions
   Artificial Intelligence: A machine that exhibits
   cognitive or decision-making behavior and
   can take action to achieve a goal.
   

   View Slide

3. • General AI: A machine that can
   reason and adapt like a human. E.g,
   sci fi movies.
   Artificial Intelligence (AI)
   Definitions
   Artificial Intelligence: A machine that exhibits
   cognitive or decision-making behavior and
   can take action to achieve a goal.
   

   View Slide

4. • General AI: A machine that can
   reason and adapt like a human. E.g,
   sci fi movies.
   Artificial Intelligence (AI)
   Definitions
   • : A machine that is
   optimized for a particular task or
   project.
   Narrow AI
   Artificial Intelligence: A machine that exhibits
   cognitive or decision-making behavior and
   can take action to achieve a goal.
   

   View Slide

5. Machine Learning and Deep Learning
   Narrow AI
   Machine Learning
   Deep Learning
   Machine Learning’s goal is to
   develop predictions based on
   previously observed patterns.
   Various variables are weighed to
   predict the probabilities of the
   outcomes. The variables and
   formula used to make such
   predictions may be programmed
   by a human OR
   they can be developed by the
   machine itself (Deep Learning).
   

   View Slide

6. Deep Learning
   01
   Collect
   Training
   Data
   02
   Analyze
   and
   Segment
   03
   Setup and
   Train a
   Neural
   Network
   04
   Test and
   deploy
   

   View Slide

7. solid
   vertical
   diagonal
   horizontal
   e2eml.school
   Deep Learning
   Input
   Case 1
   Case 2
   Case 3
   Case 4
   

   View Slide

8. solid
   vertical
   diagonal
   horizontal
   e2eml.school
   Deep Learning
   Input
   Case 1
   Case 2
   Case 3
   Case 4
   

   View Slide

9. solid
   vertical
   diagonal
   horizontal
   e2eml.school
   Deep Learning
   Input
   Case 1
   Case 2
   Case 3
   Case 4
   

   View Slide

10. Types of Data For ML Processing
    • Motion Data
    
    • Audio/Voice Data
    
    • Image Data
    
    • Text Data
    
    • Geospatial Data
    
    • Physiological/Medical
    Data
    
    • Financial Data
    
    • Behavioral Data
    
    • and Much More
    

    View Slide

11. Types of Data For ML Processing
    • Motion Data
    
    • Audio/Voice Data
    
    • Image Data
    • Text Data
    
    • Geospatial Data
    
    • Physiological/Medical
    Data
    
    • Financial Data
    
    • Behavioral Data
    
    • and Much More
    

    View Slide

12. View Slide

13. View Slide

14. Figure 2: Applications of AI algorithms in medicine. The left panel shows the image fed into an
    algorithm. The right panel shows a region of potentially dangerous cells, as identified by an
    algorithm, that a physician should look at more closely. (From Artificial Intelligence in Medicine:
    Applications, implications, and limitations by Daniel Greenfield.)
    

    View Slide

15. More than 50 AI/ML algorithms have been cleared by the
    US Food and Drug Administration for uses that include
    identifying intracranial hemorrhage from brain computed
    tomographic scans and detecting seizures in real time.
    Algorithms are also used to inform clinical operations, such
    as predicting which patients will “no show” for scheduled
    appointments. More recently, algorithms that predict in-
    hospital mortality have been proposed to inform ventilator
    allocation during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
    
    JAMA Article by Stephanie Eaneff, MSP1,2; Ziad Obermeyer, MD3; Atul J. Butte,
    MD, PhD2,4
    

    View Slide

16. Types of Data For ML Processing
    • Motion Data
    
    • Audio/Voice Data
    • Image Data
    
    • Text Data
    
    • Geospatial Data
    
    • Physiological/Medical
    Data
    
    • Financial Data
    
    • Behavioral Data
    
    • and Much More
    

    View Slide

17. Interactive Voice Response
    IF..Then Based Systems
    

    View Slide

18. Interactive Voice Response
    ML Based Systems
    

    View Slide

19. When and How to Use ML
    • Autonomous Vehicles
    AI and Ethics
    

    View Slide

20. When and How to Use ML
    • Autonomous Vehicles
    
    • Admissions and Grading
    AI and Ethics
    

    View Slide

21. When and How to Use ML
    • Autonomous Vehicles
    
    • Admissions and Grading
    
    • Loans and Credit
    AI and Ethics
    

    View Slide

22. When and How to Use ML
    • Autonomous Vehicles
    
    • Admissions and Grading
    
    • Loans and Credit
    
    • Social Media
    AI and Ethics
    

    View Slide

23. When and How to Use ML
    • Autonomous Vehicles
    
    • Admissions and Grading
    
    • Loans and Credit
    
    • Social Media
    
    • Warfare
    AI and Ethics
    

    View Slide

24. Problems with AI
    

    View Slide

25. solid
    vertic
    diagonal
    horizontal
    e2eml.school
    Input
    Case 1
    Case 2
    Case 3
    Case 4
    Problems with AI
    “Hidden Layers”
    

    View Slide

26. Problems with AI
    Adversarial AI
    from Savan Visalpara
    

    View Slide

27. Problems with AI
    Adversarial AI
    from Weijia Zhang
    

    View Slide

28. Problems with AI
    Adversarial AI
    from MIT CSAIL
    

    View Slide

29. Problems with AI
    Adversarial AI
    Images: Evtimov et al
    Camouflage graffiti and art stickers cause a neural network to
    misclassify stop signs as speed limit 45 signs or yield signs.
    

    View Slide

30. http://LearnAbout.AI
    

    View Slide

31. View Slide