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-- José Valim Zoolander

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Keynote: Ă Dev conferences, round tables, serving spaghetti with one chop stick on each side of each person. Boutique hotel, the doub le tree.

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Volatile! Michael Lopp talked about volatile outlets.

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| James Duncan Davidson talked about the world being pipes

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DHH dropped some F-bombs

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F- DHH dropped some F-bombs

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Sprinkle of JS! I’m last so I have the last word, I can troll all the rest of the keynote speakers and there is nothing they can do. Told DHH it was good that he spoke first so I could troll him with no rebuttal. Yehuda sprinkled us with JavaScript

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Node.JS

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Aaron Patterson

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@tenderlove

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/(Ruby|Rails) Core Team/

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enterprise gem https://github.com/tenderlove/enterprise

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AT&T, AT&T logo and all AT&T related marks are trademarks of AT&T Intellectual Property and/or AT&T affiliated companies.

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[email protected]

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LOL NO

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Inverse Spam Protection™

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Job Title: Corey Haines

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Job Title: Senior Facebook Integration Engineer Elect

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I build bridges with software.

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Job Title: Senior Software Architect I build bridges with software.

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Blue Ink

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Expense Reports

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Concur

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Concur PDF

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Concur Email PDF

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Concur Fax Email PDF

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PDF Concur Fax Email PDF

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PDF Concur Fax Email PDF

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I don’t work weekends, buddy. Fax machine doesn’t work on weekends.

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Concur

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Concur PDF

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Concur PDF Email

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Concur PDF Email

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Concur Email PDF Email

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Concur Fax Email PDF Email

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PDF Concur Fax Email PDF Email

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PDF Concur Fax Email PDF Email

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When I previewed the fax in the expense reporting system, there were tons of these at the bottom.

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When I previewed the fax in the expense reporting system, there were tons of these at the bottom.

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Rube Goldberg Expense Reporting System We actually hired Rube Goldberg to design the system back in the day.

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Interfaces & Adapters It’s kind of genius because there was a legacy system, the fax machine, they needed to support. People want Email, so we give them the email interface, but it actually just adapts to the existing code Imagine being in the meeting where they decided to do this.

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I <3 my job!

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Talk about some of our services.

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☑Adequate Everything. Adequately. Talk about some of our services.

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“You get what we think you paid for”

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Disrupt Space

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Disrupt the Space of Space Disruption

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Disrupt the Space of Space Disruption

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SEO Optimization To understand SEO, we must understand the search engine. It says Search Engine Optimization Optimization, but that is what we do.

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First Search Engine First search engines were invented in 1547 and were steam powered.

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Invented in holland and came to the united states along with Lief Erikson (who later went on to invent cell phones). In the US they were improved to be gasoline powered with pistons. You can tell this bit of history from the names.

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Invented in holland and came to the united states along with Lief Erikson (who later went on to invent cell phones). In the US they were improved to be gasoline powered with pistons. You can tell this bit of history from the names.

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Invented in holland and came to the united states along with Lief Erikson (who later went on to invent cell phones). In the US they were improved to be gasoline powered with pistons. You can tell this bit of history from the names.

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Leif Erikson

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Leif Erikson (Later invented Cell Phones)

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Google The number of pistons their search engine has.

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Yahoo! The sound the exhaust system for the engine makes.

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Bing The sound of a broken engine.

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By shouting, we can actually improve the performance of the search engine. Back when shouting at machines actually did something.

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By shouting, we can actually improve the performance of the search engine. Back when shouting at machines actually did something.

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Alexander Searchkeyword This lead to search engine dowsers. They would use dowsing rods to find the right keywords from dictionaries and shout them at the search engine.

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Alexander Searchkeyword This lead to search engine dowsers. They would use dowsing rods to find the right keywords from dictionaries and shout them at the search engine.

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Doing Client Work. For a small fee, I will come to your house, read your web page, and dowse the right keywords for the search engine

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New Stuff in Rails Security Open Source Software

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New Stuff

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I wanted to head West.

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Me: 2003

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Me: 2003

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Caching: SOLVED

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def halts?(code) # ... end ActiveSupport.halts?(‘your code’) AS.halts? Rails core is pushing the boundaries of computer science.

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def halts?(code) # ... end ActiveSupport.halts?(‘your code’) AS.halts? SOLVED! Rails core is pushing the boundaries of computer science.

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Rails.queue

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Using the Queue job = MyJob.new Rails.queue << job

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Consumer Thread.new { while job = Rails.queue.pop job.run end }

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Problems.

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“What about exceptions?”

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“What about exceptions?” “It’s queue specific.”

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“What about serialization?”

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“What about serialization?” “It’s queue specific.”

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“What about job construction?”

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“What about job construction?” “It must be marshallable.”

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Job Construction user = User.find 1 job = Job.new user Rails.queue << job

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Job Construction user = User.find 1 job = Job.new user Rails.queue << job NOPE

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Job Construction user = User.find 1 job = Job.new user.id Rails.queue << job

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Job Definition class Job def initialize(user_id) @user_id = user_id end def run user = User.find @user_id # .... end end

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Too Many Open Questions.

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Rails.queue

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F-

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minitest/spec

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describe "whatever" do setup do # ... end it "does some stuff" do 1.must_equal 1 end describe "some other stuff" do it "does some other stuff" do 'foo'.must_match /foo/ end end end This is what a minitest/ spec looks like. It looks very similar to RSpec, but it isn’t.

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class SomeTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase setup { # ... } test "some thing" do # ... end end Rails Tests Here is a Rails test with some of the DSL features that Rails adds on.

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MiniTest::Spec class SomeTest < MiniTest::Spec setup { # ... } it "some thing" do # ... end end If we compare this to a minitest/spec test, it looks very similar.

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Refactor class SomeTest < MiniTest::Spec class << self alias :test :it end setup { # ... } test "some thing" do # ... end end We can make the appropriate change to minitest/spec and now it looks exactly the same.

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AS::TestCase class ActiveSupport::TestCase < MiniTest::Spec class << self alias :test :it end end class SomeTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase setup { # ... } test "some thing" do # ... end end The cool thing is that it’s 100% backwards compatible. Works exactly the same as minitest/unit.

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mt/spec superclass > MiniTest::Spec.ancestors => [MiniTest::Spec, MiniTest::Unit::TestCase, ... ]

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Free goodies! describe "whatever" do it "does some stuff" do 1.must_equal 1 end describe "some other stuff" do it "does some other stuff" do 'foo'.must_match /foo/ end end end

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“I don’t like the aesthetic”

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“I don’t like the aesthetic”

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minitest/spec

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F-

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Someone Talked!

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TurboLinks

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TurboLinks I kid, I kid!

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New Stuff Stuff that hasn’t been deleted (yet)

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Streaming Responses

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Example class BrowserController < ApplicationController include ActionController::Live def index 100.times do response.stream.write "hello!\n" end response.stream.close end end

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Example class BrowserController < ApplicationController include ActionController::Live def index 100.times do response.stream.write "hello!\n" end response.stream.close end end Mix in Stream

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Server Sent Events

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Puma Browser FS-Events FS Events When the FS changes, it tells the webserver, webserver tells the browser All in the same process.

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Puma Browser FS-Events FS Events When the FS changes, it tells the webserver, webserver tells the browser All in the same process.

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Puma Browser FS-Events FS Events When the FS changes, it tells the webserver, webserver tells the browser All in the same process.

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Puma Browser Console DRB DB Events When a model changes, a message is sent via DRB running in the Puma process. That also notifies the browser.

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Puma Browser Console DRB DB Events Socket When a model changes, a message is sent via DRB running in the Puma process. That also notifies the browser.

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PG UUID PK

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create_table(:foos, id: :uuid) do |t| # ... end Generates a unique ID rather than sequential. We can easily partition based on this ID.

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create_table(:foos, id: :uuid) do |t| t.hstore “my_stuff” end HStore too!

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Faster Tests* *they’re not actually faster (well, they might be) Look at the speed improvement, then talk about how it works.

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3.2.x $ time rake test [snip] real 0m4.756s user 0m4.147s sys 0m0.582s

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4.0.0.beta $ time rake test [snip] real 0m1.934s user 0m1.701s sys 0m0.224s

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Speed 0 1.25 2.5 3.75 5 Time 3.2 4.0

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Where is the bottleneck?

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Rails 3.2 (1 test) $ time ruby -I lib:test test/functional/ line_items_controller_test.rb real 0m1.733s user 0m1.518s sys 0m0.203s

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Rails 4.0 (1 test) $ time ruby -I lib:test test/controllers/ line_items_controller_test.rb real 0m1.753s user 0m1.535s sys 0m0.208s

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Environment $ time ruby -Ilib:test:. -rconfig/ environment -e ' ' real 0m1.442s user 0m1.255s sys 0m0.179s Require the environment, and do nothing. Loads the application.

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Sample Test Task # Rakefile Rake::TestTask.new do |t| t.libs << "test" t.verbose = true t.warning = true end

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Test Run /Users/aaron/.rbenv/versions/2.1.0-dev/bin/ruby -w -I"lib:test" -I"/Users/aaron/.rbenv/versions/2.1.0-dev/lib/ruby/ gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-10.0.4/lib" \ "/Users/aaron/.rbenv/versions/2.1.0-dev/lib/ruby/ gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-10.0.4/lib/rake/ rake_test_loader.rb" \ "test/test*.rb"

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Test Run /Users/aaron/.rbenv/versions/2.1.0-dev/bin/ruby -w -I"lib:test" -I"/Users/aaron/.rbenv/versions/2.1.0-dev/lib/ruby/ gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-10.0.4/lib" \ "/Users/aaron/.rbenv/versions/2.1.0-dev/lib/ruby/ gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-10.0.4/lib/rake/ rake_test_loader.rb" \ "test/test*.rb"

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`rake test` runs Ruby twice. How does this relate to Rails?

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Rake + Rails

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`rake test:units` Rakefile shells out ruby test/**/*_test

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`rake test:units` Rakefile shells out ruby test/**/*_test

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`rake test:units` Rakefile shells out ruby test/**/*_test App Load

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`rake test:units` Rakefile shells out ruby test/**/*_test App Load

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`rake test:units` = 2 * app load time

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`rake test` = 4 * app load time

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Multiple Loads

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Just Require task :test do Dir['test/**/*_test'].each do |file| require file end end

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Challenges

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Switching Environments

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Your app is a singleton

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What env is `rake`?

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Change the env before app load If it loosk like you’re running a test task, then change the env to the test env.

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Migrations $ rake test You have 1 pending migrations: 20130401175825 CreateUsers Run `rake db:migrate` to update your database then try again.

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Real Solution: Remove Singleton R ails 4.1

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Security * I am not a security expert

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Security * I am not a security expert I just pretend :’(

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I hate Security * I am not a security expert Wasted money, wasted effort. Tiny percentage of people are ruining it for everyone.

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Ok, I don’t hate Security * I am not a security expert I don’t want people’s sites to be hacked.

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“Security is a process” - Bruce Schneier Security is iterative, but we’ll talk about something much more pedestrian which is the actual process

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Rails Security Process

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Process 1. [email protected] 2. < 24hr response 3. Analyze and Patch 4. Obtain CVE 5. Release

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Analyze and Patch Determine severity, figure out which versions are impacted, create backports and include version info for CVE.

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Secrecy We keep issues secret until release because it takes time to find impacted versions, make fixes, information must be through official channels.

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Symbol DoS

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Symbols are not GC’d At a high level, there are strings coming in to the system, and Rails is converting them to symbols. I’ll show you two popular methods for getting strings converted to symbols.

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Max Symbol Size irb(main):002:0> ("x" * 1024).to_sym; nil => nil irb(main):003:0> ("x" * 1000024).to_sym; nil => nil irb(main):004:0> ("x" * 10000000024).to_sym; nil ^C^C^C^CKilled: 9

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34%

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5.59GB 34%

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Max Symbol Size irb(main):001:0> ("x" * 100000024).to_sym; nil => nil irb(main):002:0> ("x" * 1000000024).to_sym; nil => nil irb(main):003:0> Tried again, and this worked.

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The sky is the limit with memory consumption.

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1.04GB The sky is the limit with memory consumption.

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Foreign Entry Bugs that people reported to us.

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XML params This Becomes a Symbol

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XML params This Becomes a Symbol

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F-

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Active Record def index User.where(params[:foo]) end In the controller there is something like this. Someone posts JSON so the params are automatically converted to a hash, and the strings are converted to symbols

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F-

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Detection

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assert_difference('Symbol.all_symbols.count', 0) do # some code end Symbol.all_symbols Helps if there is a specific place you know to check for symbols in your system.

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ruby$target:::symbol-create { @_[copyinstr(arg1), arg2] = count(); } DTrace This will give you an aggregate of where the symbols are created.

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rubygems/specification.rb 39 17 rubygems.rb 1073 22 enc/encdb.bundle 0 204 rubygems.rb 1070 307

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YAML RCE

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Any Foreign Objects Are Bad Talk about YAML, but having any foreign objects injected to your system is incredibly bad.

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User.where(params[:foo]) def where(hash_or_obj) if hash_or_obj.respond_to?(:xxx) # Do something dangerous else # escape the hash params end end

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Fundamentals

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A Hash > puts Psych.dump("foo" => "bar") --- foo: bar

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A Hash Subclass > class Foo < Hash; end > x = Foo.new > x[:y] = "hello" > puts Psych.dump x --- !ruby/hash:Foo :y: hello

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Creating a Hash hash = Hash.new hash[key] = value

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Creating a Hash Subclass hash = Foo.new hash[key] = value

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Exploitation

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Troubled Code class Helpers def initialize @module = Module.new end def []=(key, value) @module.module_eval <<-END_EVAL def #{value}(*args) # ... other stuff end END_EVAL end end Have essentially this in rails where helpers are defined.

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Exploit --- !ruby/hash:Helpers foo: |- mname; end; puts 'hello!'; def oops Here is the YAML we can use to exploit this. Tell the parser to load a hash with the class Helpers

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Exploit --- !ruby/hash:Helpers foo: |- mname; end; puts 'hello!'; def oops Here is the YAML we can use to exploit this. Tell the parser to load a hash with the class Helpers

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Exploit --- !ruby/hash:Helpers foo: |- mname; end; puts 'hello!'; def oops Here is the YAML we can use to exploit this. Tell the parser to load a hash with the class Helpers

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Parser calls []= obj['foo'] = "mname; end; puts 'hello!'; def oops"

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Eval’d code def mname; end; puts 'hello!'; def oops(*args) # ... other stuff end

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Eval’d code def mname end puts 'hello!' def oops(*args) # ... other stuff end

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F-

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Foreign Entry

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XML params --- this is parsed

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XML params --- this is parsed

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F- F- F-

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XML params <yodawg> I heard you like XML </yodawg>

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I hate Security * I am not a security expert

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No Beta Releases

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Bearer of Bad News “Hey guys, you’re gonna laugh when you hear this, but someone can execute arbitrary Ruby code on your system”

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No SemVer

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F: interesting arel behavior change that led to our email debacle this morning Me: huh? Me: email debacle? F: oh boy F: interesting thing is that it happened because of an arel behavior change in one of the recent 3.x security bumps

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3.2.12 User.where(:id => 10) .find(100) `users`.`id` = 10 AND `users`.`id` = 100 User.where(:id => 10) .find_by_id(100) `users`.`id` = 10 AND `users`.`id` = 100 Empty Model User.where(:id => 10) .find(100) `users`.`id` = 10 AND `users`.`id` = 100 User.where(:id => 10) .find_by_id(100) `users`.`id` = 100 Default Scope Model

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3.2.12 User.where(:id => 10) .find(100) `users`.`id` = 10 AND `users`.`id` = 100 User.where(:id => 10) .find_by_id(100) `users`.`id` = 10 AND `users`.`id` = 100 Empty Model User.where(:id => 10) .find(100) `users`.`id` = 10 AND `users`.`id` = 100 User.where(:id => 10) .find_by_id(100) `users`.`id` = 100 Default Scope Model

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3.2.12 User.where(:id => 10) .find(100) `users`.`id` = 10 AND `users`.`id` = 100 User.where(:id => 10) .find_by_id(100) `users`.`id` = 10 AND `users`.`id` = 100 Empty Model User.where(:id => 10) .find(100) `users`.`id` = 10 AND `users`.`id` = 100 User.where(:id => 10) .find_by_id(100) `users`.`id` = 100 Default Scope Model

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User.where(:id => 10).find(100) Stored as a symbol, other is stored as a string.

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User.where(:id => 10).find(100) Stored as a symbol, other is stored as a string.

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User.where(:id => 10).find(100) Stored as a symbol, other is stored as a string.

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3.2.13 User.where(:id => 10) .find(100) `users`.`id` = 10 AND `users`.`id` = 100 User.where(:id => 10) .find_by_id(100) `users`.`id` = 10 AND `users`.`id` = 100 Empty Model User.where(:id => 10) .find(100) `users`.`id` = 100 User.where(:id => 10) .find_by_id(100) `users`.`id` = 100 Default Scope Model

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Secrecy XML symbol issue lead to the YAML issue. Can’t tell people to stop because I’ll give legitimacy. Painful to watch

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F- F- F- F- F- F-

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Open Source * I am not an open source expert

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First Open Source Lingua NameCase, classmates namecasing registrants correctly.

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Getting Serious Mechanize, buying tickets for Lord of the Rings. 2005

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Getting a Job Presentation to my boss about tools that I’ve written for my team mates.

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Managing Burnout

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͜Μʹͪ͸ɺ Θ͕ͨࣾ͠௕Ͱ͢ɻ I think he only speaks Japanese.

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Support Group

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Wife

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Rails Core Swear and curse but they put up with me.

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Coworkers

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Aggressively trim Negativity Remove negative people from social media.

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FOCUS on the future Talking about the past only results in blaming, talking about the present divides people, separating in to groups (like this VM has a better GC, this VM is faster) Focusing on the future is what brings us together and pushes life forward.

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Mamba Time

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My Weight

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Health Walk. Go to 7-11, find gummies, start buying them every week. One day the guy says “hey! Mamba Time!” I am the guy that buys gummy bears. I will be the best damn gummy candy buyer ever.

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Find your Mamba Time Contributing impacts people whether or not you know it. You need to find that thing, and stick to that thing.

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Be the Best Mamba Timer Once you find it, be the best at it you can be.

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THANK YOU!

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