BLEを使ったアプリを継続的に開発するために

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BLEΛ࢖ͬͨΞϓϦΛ ܧଓతʹ։ൃ͢ΔͨΊʹ @MoyuruAizawa

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Moyuru Aizawa Software Engineer of Catlog, RABO. Previously at Azit, CyberAgent, and Eureka. Love Metal, Hardcore and EDM. Author of “ΈΜͳͷKotlin”. MoyuruAizawa Rank

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‣ BLEʹΑΔσόΠεͱͷ௨৴ํ๏ ‣ GATT ‣ BluetoothGatt ‣ Coroutine, FlowΛ࢖ͬͨվળ ‣ Tips ͸ͳ͢͜ͱ

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‣ BLEΛ࢖͏ΞϓϦ࡞ͬͯͱݴΘΕͨΒԿͱͳ͘͜ͷηογϣϯͷ͜ͱ Λࢥ͍ग़͢ ‣ ͦͯ͠BLEؔ࿈ͷAPIͷ࢖͍ํΛͳΜͱͳ͘ΩϟονΞοϓ͢Δ ‣ ͍ͭ͜͸CoroutineͱFlow࢖࣮ͬͯ૷ͨ͠Μͩ΄ʙΜ🤔ͬͯࢥ͏ ‣ ΅͘ͷ͔Μ͕͍͖͑ͨ͞ΐ͏ͷBLEΞϓϦΛ࣮૷͢Δ ΰʔϧ

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BLE BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) Bluetooth Low Energy (Bluetooth LE, BLE) ͱ͸ɺແઢPANٕज़Ͱ ͋Δ Bluetooth ͷҰ෦Ͱɺόʔδϣϯ 4.0 ͔Β௥Ճʹͳͬͨ௿ফඅ ిྗͷ௨৴Ϟʔυɻ Ҿ༻: https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth_Low_Energy

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‣ BluetoothLeScanner ‣ पลͷBluetoothDeviceΛscan͢Δ ‣ BluetoothDevice ‣ deviceͷ৘ใ(name, address…)Λऔಘ͢Δ ‣ deviceͱconnectionΛுΔ ‣ BluetoothGatt, BluetoothGattService, BluetoothGattCharacteristic, BluetoothGattDescriptor ‣ GATTΛ࢖ͬͯdeviceͱ௨৴͢Δ BLEͰѻ͏ओͳAPI

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GATT? 🤔

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GATT (Generic Attribute) GATT Service Characteristic Declaration, Value, Descriptor Characteristic Declaration, Value, Descriptor

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ͳΔ΄ͲΘ͔ΒΜ

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‣ ؾԹΛऔಘͰ͖Δ ‣ ࣪౓ΛऔಘͰ͖Δ ‣ ੺֎ઢͷൃ৴Λ໋ྩͰ͖Δ ‣ ௚લʹड৴ͨ͠੺֎ઢͷσʔλΛऔಘͰ͖Δ ՍۭͷεϚʔτϦϞίϯΛߟ͑ͯΈΔ e.g. ImaginaryRemo BLEΛ௨ͯ͠

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GATT (Generic Attribute) GATT MeterService Temperature Characteristic 24.6℃ Humidity Characteristic 52% IRService Send Characteristic Received Characteristic e.g. ImaginaryRemo

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ࢼ͠ʹImaginaryRemo͔Β ࣪౓Λऔಘͯ͠ΈΑ͏

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‣ ImaginaryRemoͱͷίωΫγϣϯΛுΔ ‣ onConnectionStateChangeͰCONNECTED͕དྷΔͷΛ଴ͭ ‣ ίωΫγϣϯ͕ுΕͨΒdiscoverServicesͰServicesΛ୳͢ ‣ onServicesDiscoveredͰServices͕ݟ͔ͭΔͷΛ଴ͭ ‣ BluetoothGattΛ௨ͯ͡໨తͷServiceΛऔಘ͠ɺ BluetoothGattService͔Β໨తCharacteristicΛऔಘ͠ɺૢ࡞͢Δ େ·͔ͳྲྀΕ

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imaginaryRemoDevice.connectGatt( context = context, autoConnect = false, callback = object : BluetoothGattCallback() { … } ) BluetoothDevice#connectGatt

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imaginaryRemoDevice.connectGatt( context = context, autoConnect = false, callback = object : BluetoothGattCallback() { … } ) BluetoothDevice#connectGatt

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override fun onConnectionStateChange( gatt: BluetoothGatt, status: Int, newState: Int ) { if (newState == BluetoothGatt.STATE_CONNECTED) { val isDiscoveryStarted = gatt.discoverServices() if (!isDiscoveryStarted) { // operationͷࣦഊΛϢʔβʔʹ௨஌ͨ͠ΓͳͲɻ } } BluetoothGattCallback#onConnectionStateChange

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override fun onServicesDiscovered( gatt: BluetoothGatt, status: Int ) { val characteristic = gatt.getService(METER_SERVICE_UUID) ?.getCharacteristic(HUMIDITY_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID) requireNotNull(characteristic) val isSuccess = gatt.readCharacteristic(characteristic) if (!isSuccess) { // operationͷࣦഊΛϢʔβʔʹ௨஌ͨ͠ΓͳͲɻ Ҏ߱εϥΠυ಺Ͱ͸লུ } } BluetoothGattCallback#onServiceDiscovered

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override fun onCharacteristicRead( gatt: BluetoothGatt, characteristic: BluetoothGattCharacteristic, status: Int ) { if ( characteristic.uuid == HUMIDITY_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID ) { characteristic.value // ࣪౓ GET!! } } BluetoothGattCallback#onCharacteristicRead

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‣ onConnectionStateChangeͰCONNECTEDΛ଴ͭ ‣ discoverServicesΛ࣮ߦ͢Δ ‣ onServicesDiscoveredΛ଴ͭ ‣ onServicesDiscoveredҎ߱ ೚ҙͷService, CharacteristicʹΞΫηεՄೳʹͳΔ ‣ READ/WRITEΛߦͬͨΒͦͷ׬ྃ΋଴ͨͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ ͓͖͍֮͑ͯͨ͜ͱ

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ImaginaryRemoʹ͍ͭͯ ΋͏গ͠ෳࡶͳέʔεΛߟ͑ͯΈΔ

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‣ αʔόʔΛܦ༝ͯ͠ɺ֎ग़ઌ͔ΒՈిΛૢ࡞Ͱ͖Δ ‣ Wi-Fiʹ઀ଓ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δɻ ‣ σόΠε͕ΞΫηεՄೳͳWi-FiͷSSIDҰཡΛεϚʔτϑΥϯʹฦ͢ ‣ Wi-FiͷSSIDͱPASSWORDΛσόΠεʹૹ৴͢Δ ྫ͑͹ɺσόΠεͷॳظઃఆϑϩʔ

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Service͸͓ͦΒ͘͜ͷΑ͏ͳઃܭʹͳΔ ConfigurationService SSID Characteristic Password Characteristic FoundSSID Characteristic RequestSearchSSID Characteristic

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override fun onConnectionStateChange( gatt: BluetoothGatt, status: Int, newState: Int ) { if (newState == BluetoothGatt.STATE_CONNECTED) gatt.discoverServices() } ͱΓ͋͑ͣconnectedΛ଴ͭ

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override fun onServicesDiscovered( gatt: BluetoothGatt, status: Int ) { val characteristics = gatt.getService(CONFIGURATION_SERVICE) ?.getCharacteristic(FOUND_SSID_CHARACTERISTIC) requireNotNull(characteristics) gatt.setCharacteristicNotification(characteristics, true) val descriptor = characteristics.getDescriptor(CCCD) descriptor .value = BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE gatt.writeDescriptor(descriptor) } servicesDiscoveredΛ଴ͭ

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override fun onDescriptorWrite( gatt: BluetoothGatt, descriptor: BluetoothGattDescriptor, status: Int ) { if (descriptor.uuid == CCCD) { val characteristic = gatt.getService(CONFIGURATION_SERVICE) ?.getCharacteristic(REQUEST_SEARCH_SSID_CHARACTERISTIC) requireNotNull(characteristic) characteristic.value = flag gatt.writeCharacteristic(characteristic) } } ௨஌ͷઃఆ׬ྃΛ଴ͭ

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override fun onCharacteristicChanged( gatt: BluetoothGatt, characteristic: BluetoothGattCharacteristic ) { if (characteristic.uuid == FOUND_SSID_CHARACTERISTIC) { appendSsidToList(characteristic.value) } } ݟ͔ͭͬͨSSIDͷ௨஌Λ଴ͬͯஞ࣍UIʹ൓ө͢Δ

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onClick { val characteristic = gatt.getService(CONFIGURATION_SERVICE) ?.getCharacteristic(SSID_CHARACTERISTIC) requireNotNull(characteristic) characteristic.value = selectedSsid gatt.writeCharacteristic(characteristic) } બ୒͞ΕͨSSIDΛॻ͖ࠐΉ

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override fun onCharacteristicWrite( gatt: BluetoothGatt, characteristic: BluetoothGattCharacteristic, status: Int ) { when (characteristic.uuid) { SSID_CHARACTERISTIC -> { val characteristic = gatt.getService(CONFIGURATION_SERVICE) ?.getCharacteristic(PASSWORD_CHARACTERISTIC) requireNotNull(characteristic) characteristic.value = password gatt.writeCharacteristic(characteristic) } PASSWORD_CHARACTERISTIC -> { … } } } SSIDͷॻ͖ࠐΈ׬ྃΛ଴ͭ

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override fun onCharacteristicWrite( gatt: BluetoothGatt, characteristic: BluetoothGattCharacteristic, status: Int ) { when (characteristic.uuid) { SSID_CHARACTERISTIC -> { … } PASSWORD_CHARACTERISTIC -> { // PASSWORDॻ͖ࠐΈ׬ྃ // Զͨͪͷઓ͍͸·ͩ͜Ε͔Βͩ!!! // ૄ௨֬ೝͳΓͳΜͳΓͷ໋ྩ΁ଓ͘… } } } PASSWORDॻ͖ࠐΈ׬ྃΛ଴ͭ

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override fun onCharacteristicWrite( gatt: BluetoothGatt, characteristic: BluetoothGattCharacteristic, status: Int ) { when (characteristic.uuid) { SSID_CHARACTERISTIC -> { … } PASSWORD_CHARACTERISTIC -> { // PASSWORDॻ͖ࠐΈ׬ྃ // Զͨͪͷઓ͍͸·ͩ͜Ε͔Βͩ!!! // ૄ௨֬ೝͳΓͳΜͳΓͷ໋ྩ΁ଓ͘… } } } PASSWORDॻ͖ࠐΈ׬ྃΛ଴ͭ

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ແཧʔ!!

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Catlog΋࠷ॳ͸͜Μͳײ͡ͷίʔυͩͬͨ ͳͥ͜ΜͳίʔϧόοΫ஍ࠈʹ…

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Catlog΋࠷ॳ͸͜Μͳײ͡ͷίʔυͩͬͨ onCharacteristicWriteͱ͔onDescriptorWriteͱ ͔ͷதͰ࣍ͷ໋ྩ΍ͬͯΔ͚ͲͳΜͰ…?

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Catlog΋࠷ॳ͸͜Μͳײ͡ͷίʔυͩͬͨ Ұؾʹ໋ྩ͢ΓΌ͑͑΍Μ

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Catlog΋࠷ॳ͸͜Μͳײ͡ͷίʔυͩͬͨ ͳΔ΄ͲͶɺͳΜ໋͔ྩͨ͠Βɺͦͷ݁Ռ͕ฦͬ ͯ͘Δ·Ͱ͸࣍ͷ໋ྩ͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍ͷ͔ɻ

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Catlog΋࠷ॳ͸͜Μͳײ͡ͷίʔυͩͬͨ ͔ͩΒ͜Μͳ͜ͱʹ…

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CoroutineͱFlowͰ͍͍ ײ͡ʹͰ͖ΔͷͰ͸?

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Catlog΋࠷ॳ͸͜Μͳײ͡ͷίʔυͩͬͨ CoroutineͰॻ͚ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Ε͹ɺ໋ྩͩͨ͠Β໋ ྩͷ׬ྃΛawait͢Δͬͯ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͦ͏ͳ༧ײ

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Catlog΋࠷ॳ͸͜Μͳײ͡ͷίʔυͩͬͨ “Ұؾʹ໋ྩ͢ΓΌ͑͑΍Μ” Λίʔυͷݟͨ໨্͸࣮ݱͰ͖ͦ͏ͩ

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BLE x Coroutine x Flow

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‣ BLEؔ࿈ͷAPIΛCoroutine΍FlowͰwrap͢Δ ‣ BluetoothDeviceͱͷ௨৴Λ୲͏BluetoothClientΫϥεΛ࣮૷͢Δ ‣ ֤eventΛawait͢Δؔ਺Λఏڙ͢Δ ུ֓

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‣ sealed interfaceΛ࢖ͬͯBluetoothGattCallbackͷ֤ؔ਺ʹରԠ͢ Δdata classΛఆٛ͢Δ ‣ લड़ͷdata classΛFlowͰแΜͰฦ֦͢ுؔ਺Λ࣮૷͢Δ ‣ RxBindingͱ͔CorbindͰ΍ΒΕͯΔख๏ BluetoothDevice#connectGatt

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sealed interface BluetoothGattEvent { val gatt: BluetoothGatt data class ConnectionStateChange( override val gatt: BluetoothGatt, val status: Int, val newState: Int ) : BluetoothGattEvent data class ServicesDiscovered( override val gatt: BluetoothGatt, val status: Int ) : BluetoothGattEvent // ུ } BluetoothDevice#connectGatt

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fun BluetoothDevice.connectGatt(context: Context, autoConnect: Boolean) = channelFlow { val gatt = connectGatt(context, autoConnect, object : BluetoothGattCallback(){ override fun onConnectionStateChange( gatt: BluetoothGatt, status: Int, newState: Int ) { trySend(BluetoothGattEvent.ConnectionStateChange(gatt, status, newState)) } override fun onServicesDiscovered( gatt: BluetoothGatt, status: Int ) { trySend(BluetoothGattEvent.ServicesDiscovered(gatt, status)) } // ུ }) } BluetoothDevice#connectGatt

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fun BluetoothDevice.connectGatt(context: Context, autoConnect: Boolean) = channelFlow { // ུ awaitClose { gatt.disconnect() gatt.close() } } BluetoothDevice#connectGatt

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class BluetoothClient( private val context: Context, private val device: BluetoothDevice ) { private val gattEvent = MutableStateFlow(null) private lateinit var gatt: BluetoothGatt // ུ } BluetoothClient

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fun connect(autoConnect: Boolean, coroutineScope: CoroutineScope) { device.connectGatt(context, autoConnect) .onEach { gatt = it.gatt gattEvent.value = it } .launchIn(coroutineScope) } BluetoothClient#connect

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suspend fun awaitConnected() { if (connectionState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) return gattEvent.first { it is BluetoothGattEvent.ConnectionStateChange && it.newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED } } CONNECTEDΛawaitͰ͖Δ

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suspend fun awaitServicesDiscovered() { gattEvent .first { it is BluetoothGattEvent.ServicesDiscovered } } suspend fun awaitCharacteristicWritten(characteristicUuid: UUID) { gattEvent .first { it is BluetoothGattEvent.CharacteristicWrite && it.characteristic.uuid == characteristicUuid } } ֤event·Ͱawait͢Δ͜ͱ΋Ͱ͖Δ

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bleClient.run { connect(false, coroutineScope) awaitConnected() discoverServices() awaitServicesDiscovered() setNotificationEnabled( CONFIGURATION_SERVICE, FOUND_SSID_CHARACTERISTIC, true ) awaitNotificationEnabled() observeNotification(FOUND_SSID_CHARACTERISTIC) .onEach { appendSsidToList(it.characteristic.value) } .launchIn(coroutineScope) writeCharacteristic( CONFIGURATION_SERVICE, REQUEST_SEARCH_SSID_CHARACTERISTIC, flag ) … σόΠεͱͷ௨৴खॱͱίʔυͷྲྀΕ͕Ұக͢Δ

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bleClient.run { connect(false, coroutineScope) awaitConnected() discoverServices() awaitServicesDiscovered() setNotificationEnabled( CONFIGURATION_SERVICE, FOUND_SSID_CHARACTERISTIC, true ) awaitNotificationEnabled() observeNotification(FOUND_SSID_CHARACTERISTIC) .onEach { appendSsidToList(it.characteristic.value) } .launchIn(coroutineScope) writeCharacteristic( CONFIGURATION_SERVICE, REQUEST_SEARCH_SSID_CHARACTERISTIC, flag ) } σόΠεͱͷ௨৴खॱͱίʔυͷྲྀΕ͕Ұக͢Δ

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bleClient.run { connect(false, coroutineScope) awaitConnected() discoverServices() awaitServicesDiscovered() setNotificationEnabled( CONFIGURATION_SERVICE, FOUND_SSID_CHARACTERISTIC, true ) awaitNotificationEnabled() observeNotification(FOUND_SSID_CHARACTERISTIC) .onEach { appendSsidToList(it.characteristic.value) } .launchIn(coroutineScope) writeCharacteristic( CONFIGURATION_SERVICE, REQUEST_SEARCH_SSID_CHARACTERISTIC, flag ) } σόΠεͱͷ௨৴खॱͱίʔυͷྲྀΕ͕Ұக͢Δ

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bleClient.run { connect(false, coroutineScope) awaitConnected() discoverServices() awaitServicesDiscovered() setNotificationEnabled( CONFIGURATION_SERVICE, FOUND_SSID_CHARACTERISTIC, true ) awaitNotificationEnabled() observeNotification(FOUND_SSID_CHARACTERISTIC) .onEach { appendSsidToList(it.characteristic.value) } .launchIn(coroutineScope) writeCharacteristic( CONFIGURATION_SERVICE, REQUEST_SEARCH_SSID_CHARACTERISTIC, flag ) } σόΠεͱͷ௨৴खॱͱίʔυͷྲྀΕ͕Ұக͢Δ

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bleClient.run { connect(false, coroutineScope) awaitConnected() discoverServices() awaitServicesDiscovered() setNotificationEnabled( CONFIGURATION_SERVICE, FOUND_SSID_CHARACTERISTIC, true ) awaitNotificationEnabled() observeNotification(FOUND_SSID_CHARACTERISTIC) .onEach { appendSsidToList(it.characteristic.value) } .launchIn(coroutineScope) writeCharacteristic( CONFIGURATION_SERVICE, REQUEST_SEARCH_SSID_CHARACTERISTIC, flag ) } σόΠεͱͷ௨৴खॱͱίʔυͷྲྀΕ͕Ұக͢Δ

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ͦΜͳʹ؁͘ͳ͍BLE

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։ൃऀʹݫ͍͠BLE͞Μ BLE͏Μͱ΋͢Μͱ΋͍Θͳ͘ͳͬͨΜ͚ͩͲ…

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‣ BluetoothͷAPI͕௜໧ΩϝΔࣄ͕͋Δ ‣ ୺຤ͷઃఆͰBluetoothΛҰ୴OFFʹͯ͠࠶౓ONʹ… ‣ ͦΕͰ΋࣏Βͳ͔ͬͨΒ୺຤Λ࠶ىಈͰ… ‣ ͢Μ·ͤΜ… ׬શʹ௜໧͢ΔBLE͞Μ

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‣ ϢʔβʔͷखݩͰͲΜͳෆ۩߹͕ى͖͔ͨ ௐࠪͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͨ͠΄͏͕ྑͦ͞͏ɻ ‣ Crashlytics ‣ Ϋϥογϡൃੜ࣌ʹͦͷखલͰى͖͍ͯͨϩά͸ݟΕΔ ‣ ΫϥογϡΛ൐͏ෆ۩߹͸͋·Γͳ͍ͷͰɺ༗༻Ͱ͸ͳ͍ ‣ Bugfender ‣ Logcat΁ͷग़ྗ͢΂ͯɺ΋͘͠͸બఆͨ͠ϩάΛऩूͰ͖Δ ‣ Bugfenderศརͦ͏(ݕ౼த) ෆ໌ͳෆ۩߹ʹରԠ͢ΔͨΊʹ

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BLEΛ࢖ͬͨΞϓϦ ͱ͍ͬͯ΋BLEͷϢʔεέʔε͸༷ʑ

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Catlog Series BLE BLE HTTP ઃఆ ϩά ϩ ά BLE HTTP ઃఆ ϩά

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Catlog Series BLE BLE HTTP ઃఆ ϩά ϩ ά BLE HTTP ઃఆ ϩά

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SwitchBot & SwitchBot Hub (͸ͨͿΜ͜Μͳײ͡) BLE ઃఆ ࡞ಈ໋ྩ HTTP SwitchBotͷ࡞ಈ໋ྩ SwitchBotͷ࡞ಈ໋ྩ BLE ࡞ಈ໋ྩ HTTP?

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SwitchBot & SwitchBot Hub (͸ͨͿΜ͜Μͳײ͡) BLE ઃఆ ࡞ಈ໋ྩ HTTP SwitchBotͷ࡞ಈ໋ྩ SwitchBotͷ࡞ಈ໋ྩ BLE ࡞ಈ໋ྩ HTTP?

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‣ Catlog͸σόΠεͷઃఆͷΈBLEΛ࢖͍ͬͯΔ ‣ ઃఆը໘͕ੜ͖͍ͯΔؒͷΈCatlogͱίωΫγϣϯΛு͍ͬͯΕ͹ ͍͍ ‣ ઃఆը໘಺ͰconnectionΛone-shotͰ࢖͍ࣺͯΒΕΔ ‣ SwitchBot͸ઃఆ͓Αͼ࡞ಈ໋ྩʹBLEΛ࢖͍ͬͯΔ ‣ ΞϓϦ͕ىಈத͸ৗ࣌SwitchBotͱίωΫγϣϯΛுΓɺ͍ͭͰ΋ SwitchBotʹରͯ͠BLEΛ௨໋ͯ͠ྩͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ͍ͯ͠Δ(ͱ༧૝) BLEͷϢʔεέʔε͸ΞϓϦʹΑ༷ͬͯʑ

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‣ Catlog͸FragmentͷlifecycleͷதͰBLEΛ࢖͑Ε͹͍͍ ‣ SwitchBot͸ɺ1Activityߏ੒ͳΒActivityͷlifecycleͷதɺͦ͏Ͱͳ ͍ͳΒServiceͷதͰBLEΛ࢖͏ඞཁ͕͋Γͦ͏ BLEͷϢʔεέʔε͸ΞϓϦʹΑ༷ͬͯʑ

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‣ Catlog͸FragmentͷlifecycleͷதͰBLEΛ࢖͑Ε͹͍͍ ‣ SwitchBot͸ɺ1Activityߏ੒ͳΒActivityͷlifecycleͷதɺͦ͏Ͱͳ ͍ͳΒServiceͷதͰBLEΛ࢖͏ඞཁ͕͋Γͦ͏ ‣ ΞϓϦʹΑͬͯBLE·ΘΓͷઃܭ͸มΘΓͦ͏ BLEͷϢʔεέʔε͸ΞϓϦʹΑ༷ͬͯʑ