Botany with Bytes - Speaker Deck

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Botany Bytes with Lito Nicolai

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico This talk uses graphics! $ gem install --pre graphics

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Imagine you’re algae…

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico An alga (you)

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico A A B A B A A B A A B A B A A B A B A A B A A B A B A A B A A B incidentally, Fibonacci

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Aristid Lindenmayer Genus Species

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Aristid Lindenmayer Genus Species

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico “L-Systems” Start: A Rules: A ! AB B ! A

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Rewriting Systems String Line Grid A AB ABA ABAAB ABAABABA

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico This is a grammar!

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico What’s a grammar?

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico What strings can you make with rules? Montana State University Mathematics (grids, lines… things) A ! AB B ! A

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico What strings can you match with these rules? -?(\d+(\.\d+)?|\.\d+)([eE][+-]?\d+)?

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Where do L-Systems ﬁt in here?

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Organizing Grammars RegEx Lindenmayer & Prusinkiewicz (needs a DFA) (using computers)

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico (let’s ignore ﬁnite grammars) RegEx Lindenmayer & Prusinkiewicz

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico RegEx HTML Lindenmayer & Prusinkiewicz Chomsky Hierarchy (needs a stack)

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico RegEx HTML Lindenmayer & Prusinkiewicz C++ Chomsky Hierarchy (needs RAM)

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico RegEx HTML Lindenmayer & Prusinkiewicz Chomsky Hierarchy C++

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Ruby? RegEx HTML Lindenmayer & Prusinkiewicz Chomsky Hierarchy C++

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Chomsky Hierarchy Ruby? RegEx HTML Perl Lindenmayer & Prusinkiewicz C++

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Chomsky Hierarchy RegEx HTML Perl Lindenmayer & Prusinkiewicz Ruby? C++

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Chomsky Hierarchy RegEx HTML Perl Lindenmayer & Prusinkiewicz Ruby? C++

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico L-Systems are a strange slice of other grammars!

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico ((((((X)))))) Can match this ^ (regex can’t match either) Nested Balanced Parens ((((((())))))) But not this ^

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico class LSystem attr_reader :state def initialize state, rules @state = state @rules = rules end def step @state = @state.split("") .map {|s| @rules[s] } .join self end end

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico @state = @state.split("") .map {|s| @rules[s] } .join "AB" "A" "B" "AB" "A" "ABA" split apply rules join

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico > l = LSystem.new "A", "A" => "AB", "B" => "A" > l.step => "AB" > l.step => "ABA" > l.step => "ABAAB" > l.step => "ABAABABA"

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico All in a line

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico More Dimensions!

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Leaf ! Stem LeftLeaf RightLeaf Stem ! Stem Stem Sprout

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Turtle Graphics

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico turtle.forward

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico turtle.push

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico turtle.left 90

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico turtle.forward

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico turtle.pop

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Turtle Evaluation

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico > turtle = Turtle.new “S[S", "S" => :forward, "L" => :forward, "[" => [:left, 60], "]" => [:right, 60], "." => :push, "," => :pop

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico > turtle = Turtle.new “S[S", "S" => :forward, "L" => :forward, "[" => [:left, 60], "]" => [:right, 60], "." => :push, "," => :pop

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico > turtle = Turtle.new “S[S", "S" => :forward, "L" => :forward, "[" => [:left, 60], "]" => [:right, 60], "." => :push, "," => :pop

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico > turtle = Turtle.new “S[S", "S" => :forward, "L" => :forward, "[" => [:left, 60], "]" => [:right, 60], "." => :push, "," => :pop

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Leaf ! Stem LeftLeaf RightLeaf Stem ! Stem Stem Sprout

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico “LeftLeaf” SaveState TurnLeft Leaf . [ L “RightLeaf” RestoreState TurnRight Leaf , ] L At the end of a stem…

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico > turtle = Turtle.new sprout.state, "S" => :forward, "L" => :forward, "[" => [:left, 60], "]" => [:right, 60], "." => :push, "," => :pop > sprout = LSystem.new "L", "L" => “S.[L,]L", "S" => “SS”, "[" => "[", "]" => "]", "." => ".", "," => ","

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico First Generation

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico L

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Second Generation

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico S.[L,]L

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Next Generation

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico SS.[S.[L,]L,]S.[L,]L

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico SS.[S.[L,]L,]S.[L,]L

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico SS.[S.[L,]L,]S.[L,]L

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico SS.[S.[L,]L,]S.[L,]L

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico SS.[S.[L,]L,]S.[L,]L

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico SS.[S.[L,]L,]S.[L,]L

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico SS.[S.[L,]L,]S.[L,]L

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico SS.[S.[L,]L,]S.[L,]L

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico SS.[S.[L,]L,]S.[L,]L

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico SS.[S.[L,]L,]S.[L,]L

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico SS.[S.[L,]L,]S.[L,]L

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico SS.[S.[L,]L,]S.[L,]L

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico SS.[S.[L,]L,]S.[L,]L

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico SS.[S.[L,]L,]S.[L,]L

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico SS.[S.[L,]L,]S.[L,]L

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico SS.[S.[L,]L,]S.[L,]L

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico SS.[S.[L,]L,]S.[L,]L

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico SS.[S.[L,]L,]S.[L,]L

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico SS.[S.[L,]L,]S.[L,]L

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico SS.[S.[L,]L,]S.[L,]L

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Trees don’t look like this

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico (is what I used to say) Yes, they really look like this! Drosera Binata var. Multiﬁda

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Juniper Branch Start: T Rules: T ! T.[T,T.]T,.T,

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Juniper Branch

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Juniper Branch

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Juniper Branch

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Plants are computing as they grow! That’s super neato!

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico L-System Weird Stuff Start: A Rules: A ! B[A[B B ! A]B]A

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Weird Stuff (there be dragons)

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico A diﬀerent view (top-down)

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Plant growth hormone

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico (Paraphrased from Vi Hart)

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico O(lots) Time complexity:

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico (discovered at cambridge) The very ﬁrst model: charged particles

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Douady & Couder

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico O(n²) Time complexity:

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico btw, Alan Turing Hypothesis of General Phyllotaxis (…and later, even deeper work)

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Turing’s drawing

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico 137.5

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico 360 - (360/φ)

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Start: Stem Rules: Stem ! Stem Rotate Leaf Leaf ! BiggerLeaf Use an L-System!

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Start: Stem Rules: Stem ! Stem Rotate Leaf Leaf ! BiggerLeaf

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico O(much better!) Time complexity:

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Back to algae (in 3D!)

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico (you again)

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Not actually getting smaller

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Aside: Representing Cells stackoverﬂow.com

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico …and how they connect

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Demo

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Kinds of Surfaces Flat No Curvature

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Kinds of Surfaces Spherical Positive Curvature Flat No Curvature

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Kinds of Surfaces Spherical Positive Curvature Flat No Curvature Hyperbolic Negative Curvature

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Kinds of Surfaces Spherical Positive Curvature Flat No Curvature Hyperbolic Negative Curvature Plants!

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico How many unique parallel lines? None One Lots!

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico How many unique parallel lines? None One Lots!

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico How many unique parallel lines? None One Lots!

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico How many unique parallel lines? None One Lots!

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico How many unique parallel lines? None One Lots!

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico How many unique parallel lines? None One Lots!

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Thank You!

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico I KNEW you would ask about Perl…

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Lito:~$ perl -E 'sub dunno() { 3 } say dunno + 4'

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Lito:~$ perl -E 'sub dunno() { 3 } say dunno + 4' 7 Lito:~$ _

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Lito:~$ perl -E 'sub dunno() { 3 } say dunno + 4' 7 Lito:~$ perl -E 'sub dunno { 3 } say dunno + 4'

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Lito:~$ perl -E 'sub dunno() { 3 } say dunno + 4' 7 Lito:~$ perl -E 'sub dunno { 3 } say dunno + 4’ 3 Lito:~$ _

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico Lito:~$ perl -E 'sub dunno() { 3 } say dunno + 4' 7 Lito:~$ perl -E 'sub dunno { 3 } say dunno + 4’ 3 Lito:~$ _ no args (‘nullary’) some args

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico perl -E 'BEGIN { *dunno = sub() { 3 } } say dunno + 4'

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico perl -E 'BEGIN { *dunno = sub() { 3 } } say dunno + 4' BEGIN { *dunno = sub { 3 } } say dunno + 4

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RubyConf 2015 - Lito Nicolai - @lito_nico perl -E 'BEGIN { *dunno = sub() { 3 } } say dunno + 4' BEGIN { *dunno = sub { 3 } } say dunno + 4 BEGIN { if # SOME_CONDITION *dunno = sub { 3 } else { *dunno = sub() { 3 } } } say dunno + 4 any code!