CoreOS: A Tutorial on Hyperscale Infrastructure

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Brandon Philips @brandonphilips | brandon.philips@coreos.com Slides and Demos: goo.gl/AgPy2E A Tutorial on Hyperscale Infrastructure Free Stickers @ Podium!

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Expectations Tutorial

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Quick Level-Set Follow Along

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Secure the Internet MISSION

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Separate Apps from OS STRATEGY

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Make Servers Consistent STRATEGY

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Make Servers Easy to Upgrade STRATEGY

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Simplify Application Management STRATEGY

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On Any Infrastructure STRATEGY

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3 Application packaging Clustering Linux at scale

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#GIFEE Borg/Omega Linux Chubby

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#GIFEE Borg/Omega Linux Chubby

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#GIFEE Borg/Omega Linux Chubby

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Avoid single points of failure Regularly update software Consistent environment Why build #GIFEE?

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Why build #GIFEE? Regularly update software

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Application Packaging 1

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Containers Run apps consistently

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Abstract away app from the OS OS App

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Base software managed by CoreOS kernel systemd OpenSSH

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Protect apps from each other Isolated network namespace Isolated file system namespace Mixed versions of dependencies eg. python 3.4 & python 2.7

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$ sudo rkt run coreos.com/etcd:v2.0.0 $ sudo rkt run coreos.com/etcd:v2.0.0 \ --cpu=750m --memory=128M $ sudo rkt run --net=host coreos.com/etcd:v2.0.0 rkt run

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Search container metadata Identify vulnerabilities Explain update actions Clair container security auditing

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After scanning millions of containers we found that over 80% still had Heartbleed 80% Clair container security auditing

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In-Progress Universal Container Format Packaged Downloaded Verified

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Container Basics DEMO

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Linux at Scale 2

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CoreOS Linux Run containers any platform

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Patches to the OS and kernel are hard Retest after updates No automation SECURITY Dependency breakage Uptime risk APPLICATION

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Auto-updating browsers fixed security We got HTML5 at the same time

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Atomic operating system updates

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Atomic operating system updates

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CoreOS Linux Run containers any platform

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Toolbox Tutorial DEMO

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Clustering 3

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Patches to the OS and kernel are hard Retest after updates No automation SECURITY Dependency breakage Uptime risk APPLICATION

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Patches to the OS and kernel are hard No automation SECURITY Uptime risk APPLICATION

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Operations Paradise Easy scale out Painless app upgrades Tolerant of machine failure

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App Req/sec: 6,000 App Healthy: True

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App Req/sec: 6,000 App Healthy: True

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App Req/sec: 7,000 App Healthy: True

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App Req/sec: 8,000 App Healthy: True

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App Req/sec: 7,000 App Healthy: True

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App Req/sec: 6,000 App Healthy: True

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App Req/sec: 8,000 App Healthy: True

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App Req/sec: 7,000 App Healthy: True

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App Req/sec: 8,000 App Healthy: True

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App Req/sec: 8,000 App Healthy: True

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App Req/sec: 8,000 App Healthy: True

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API for easing scaling, painless upgrades, and failure tolerance

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Simple cluster operations Secure and Simple API Friendly operational tools db

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Fault-tolerant database to support complex set of needs Leader election Cluster-wide Semaphores Service discovery Dynamic configuration

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Hard Computer Science Problem ?

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Hard Computer Science Problem Chubby

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Distributed reliable key-value store for the most critical data of a distributed system

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Etcd Basics DEMO

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No existing “cloud native” solutions Simple HTTP + JSON APIs Dynamic reconfiguration Why build etcd?

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Simple key/value “Distributed etc” Keys are versioned Changes can be watch

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Cluster-wide reboot lock - locksmith Service discovery - vulcand, skydns Cluster orchestration - k8s, cloud foundry

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Industry Adoption 500+ projects on Github

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Etcd Clustering DEMO

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Simple cluster operations Secure and Simple API Friendly operational tools

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Kubernetes Basics DEMO

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Scheduler gets work to the servers

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$ scp app host:/opt $ ssh host systemd-run /opt/app

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$ scp app host:/opt $ ssh host systemd-run /opt/app

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$ fab deploy:app

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$ fab deploy:app

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$ fab deploy:app

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$ fab deploy:gpu-app

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$ fab deploy:gpu-app

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$ fab deploy:gpu-app

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App Deployment DEMO

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ReplicaSets drive the cluster to a desired state

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pod env=prod app=web pod env=prod app=web pod env=prod app=web rs web-prod select(env=prod,app=web) count=1

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pod env=prod app=web pod env=prod app=web pod env=prod app=web rs web-prod select(env=prod,app=web) count=1

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pod env=prod app=web rs web-prod select(env=prod,app=web) count=1

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App Failure DEMO

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pod env=prod app=web rs web-prod select(env=prod,app=web) count=5

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pod env=prod app=web pod env=prod app=web pod env=prod app=web pod env=prod app=web pod env=prod app=web rs web-prod select(env=prod,app=web) count=5

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App Scaling DEMO

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Services find scheduled apps (pods) and load balance them

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pod env=dev app=web pod env=test app=web pod env=prod app=web

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pod env=dev app=web pod env=test app=web pod env=prod app=web service test.example.com select(env=dev,app=web) service beta.example.com select(env=test,app=web) OR select(env=prod,app=web) service example.com select(env=prod,app=web)

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pod env=test app=web pod env=prod app=web pod env=prod app=web pod env=dev app=web pod env=test app=web pod env=prod app=web service test.example.com select(env=dev,app=web) service beta.example.com select(env=test,app=web) OR select(env=prod,app=web) service example.com select(env=prod,app=web)

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pod app=foo,version=1 service foo.cluster.local select(app=foo)

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pod app=foo,version=1 pod app=foo,version=2 service foo.cluster.local select(app=foo)

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pod app=foo,version=1 pod app=foo,version=2 service foo.cluster.local select(app=foo)

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Service Discovery DEMO

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pod env=prod app=web pod env=prod app=web pod env=prod app=web pod env=prod app=web pod env=prod app=web rs web-prod select(env=prod,app=web) count=5

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pod env=prod app=web pod env=prod app=web pod env=prod app=web pod env=p rod pod env=prod app=web rs web-prod-4950 select(app=web,hash=4950) count=5 pod env=prod app=web pod env=prod app=web pod env=prod app=web pod env=p rod pod env=prod app=web rs web-prod-1328 select(app=web,hash=1328) count=5 deployment web-prod select(app=web) count=5

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App Upgrades DEMO

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Upstream rktnetes Auth/OIDC Node self-signed TLS

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Scaling 15x scheduler performance 30k pods on 1k nodes SIG-scale

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3 Application packaging Clustering Linux at scale

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Sounds good, but... Is anyone successful with all this in prod?

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Publically traded options exchange

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Containers on CoreOS are powering ISE's high-throughput, low-latency financial exchange Running in production Bare metal & AWS Billions of transactions a day 150 million req/sec

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Secure the Internet MISSION

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Separate Apps from OS STRATEGY

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Make Servers Consistent STRATEGY

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Make Servers Easy to Upgrade STRATEGY

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Simplify Application Management STRATEGY

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On Any Infrastructure STRATEGY

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Guides & Tools coreos.com/kubernetes

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Linux

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Runs on any platform Consistency across clouds Trivial dev, test, & prod Faster time to market

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Training San Francisco September 13 & 14 New York City September 27 & 28 San Francisco October 11 & 12 New York City October 25 & 26 Seattle November 10 & 11 https://coreos.com/training

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Build, Store and Distribute your Containers quay.io

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Thank you! Brandon Philips @brandonphilips | brandon@coreos.com | coreos.com We’re hiring in all departments! Email: careers@coreos.com Positions: coreos.com/ careers

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Bonus: Hacking Setup DEMO