How to write synchronization mechanisms for Fiber (RubySapporo.beam)

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͠͹Β͓͘଴͍ͪͩ͘͞ ✓ ͝ཡͷεϙϯαʔͷఏڙ ʹΑΓ͓ૹΓ͠·͢

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slide sponsors Rails !! @mame Kent Beck @hisashim Ember.Sapporo @tricknotes

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slide sponsors Ruby @iwadon OSS Gate @ktou dRuby Web ( eBook Store) http:// estore.ohmsha.co.jp/titles/978427406609P @hisashim @m_seki "re: " @awazeki Mastodon Pawoo Ruby @pixiv m_seki @tsuboi 07 smalruby @vestige_

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How to write synchronization mechanisms for Fiber seki@ruby-lang.org RubySapporo.beam#3

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@m_seki Ruby ERB, dRuby, Rinda ࠷ۙͷcommit: ERBϝϯςφʹk0kubun͞ΜΛadd

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ΤοηΠ2ຊࡌͤͨʂ ਺ਓ͔Β࣭໰͋Γ·͕ͨ͠ݪߘྉ͸1ຊ෼Ͱ͢

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2005 - ·ͩॳ࡮Γങ͑·͢ dRuby ʹΑΔ ؔকढ़ஶ ෼ࢄ ɾ Web ϓϩάϥϛϯά 12प೥

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2012 (-2014 ઈ൛) 2೥Ͱઈ൛

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2017 re-published on the web CC by SAͳͷͰ࿨༁Ͱ͖ΔΑ?

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Agenda Fiber Fiber Enumerator Synchronize Multiplexer

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Fiberͷ͓͞Β͍ Process Thread Fiber ࡾͭͷ࣮ߦओମͷҧ͍͔Βߟ͑Δ

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Process ↔ Thread ↔ Fiber Process Thread Fiber ͦͷٕज़͸ద੾ͳͷʁ

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Process ಌΕ͍ͯͨࠒͷ࿩

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Before Process Key https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOnS97C-RGQ

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Before Process (80s) OS PC BREAKΩʔ΋ϙʔϦϯά

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ϓϩηε΁ͷಌΕ

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No content

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Before Process (90s) Fiber Macintoshͷෆ҆ఆ͞͸ϓϩηε͕͋Ε͹ղܾ͢Δͱ ݴΘΕͯͨ

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࣮ࡍͷγεςϜ .. ֎෦ͱͷ΍ΓͱΓ͸ආ͚ΒΕͳ͍͠෭࡞༻͸ඞཁ

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Processes େࣄͳ͜ͱͳͷͰೋ౓ݴ͍·ͨ͠

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ProcessͰॻ͘ͱ͖ͷؾ࣋ͪ

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ProcessͰॻ͘ͱ͖ͷؾ࣋ͪ Skip!

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IPC͸ΊΜͲ͍͘͞ pipe SystemV IPC socket ͦΕͧΕಛ௃͕͋Γɺ࢖ͬͯΈͯΘ͔ΔΊΜͲ͘ ͕͋͞͞Δ

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Thread 1ϓϩηεͰίΞΛ࢖͍੾Βͳͯ͘΋͍͍͡ΌΜ

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ThreadͰॻ͘ͱ͖ͷؾ࣋ͪ ݟ͑Δ͚Ͳ৮Βͳ͍Ϟϥϧ

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Threadʹඞཁͳၗຫ͞ OS OS

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Fiber Thread Thread Thread mrubyʹ͸Threadͳ͍͔ΒFiberҰ୒

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Fiberʹඞཁͳࣗ৴ Ruby

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FiberͰॻ͘ͱ͖ͷؾ࣋ͪ ... Fiber ఆੴΛݟ͚ͭΔ·Ͱ͕͍ͨ΁Μ

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Process ↔ Thread ↔ Fiber Process Thread Fiber

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Process ↔ Thread ↔ Fiber Fiber Thread Process ͋ͳͨ͸ͳʹΛ࢖͏΂͖ʁ

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͠͹Β͓͘଴͍ͪͩ͘͞ ✓ ෼͘Β͍͔ͳ ✓ 1SPDFTT 5ISFBE 'JCFS ✓ ࣍͸'JCFSΛקΊΔΑʂ

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ͳͥFiberͷ࿩Λ͢Δͷ͔ Fiber EventMachine͍ͬͯ͢͝@tricknotesʹڭΘͬͨΑ͏ͳ...

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ͳͥFiberͷ࿩Λ͢Δͷ͔ X11 GUI socket 1 Fiber͕͋Δͱॻ͖΍͘͢ͳΔ΋ͷΛΑ͘ॻ͍ͯͨ

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ͳͥFiberͷ࿩Λ͢Δͷ͔ Thread

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Fiberೖ໳ Fibonacci Enumerator Rdv SizedQueue, channel Multiplexer 3ͭͷςʔϚͰઆ໌͠·͢

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࠷ॳͷςʔϚ Enumerator Fiber API Fiber Enumertor

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Α͋͘ΔFibonacci [0, 1] [1, 1] [2, 2] [3, 3] [4, 5] [5, 8] [6, 13] [7, 21] [8, 34] [9, 55] ్தͷ஋Λฦ͢ͷ͕೉͍͠ def fibonacci(n) a, b = 1, 1 n.times do |i| p [i, a] a, b = b, a + b end end fibonacci(10)

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FiberͰॻ͖௚͢ API fib = Fiber.new do a, b = 1, 1 while true Fiber.yield(a) a, b = b, a + b end end 10.times do |n| p [n, fib.resume] end def fibonacci(n) a, b = 1, 1 n.times do |i| p [i, a] a, b = b, a + b end end fibonacci(10) FiberΛ࢖͏ͱ్தܦաͷ஋ΛฦͤΔ

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API Fiber.new Fiber#resume Fiber.yield

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Fiber.new Fiber fib = Fiber.new do a, b = 1, 1 while true Fiber.yield(a) a, b = b, a + b end end 10.times do |n| p [n, fib.resume] end Fiber࡞͚ͬͨͩ

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Fiber#resume Fiber fib = Fiber.new do a, b = 1, 1 while true Fiber.yield(a) a, b = b, a + b end end 10.times do |n| p [n, fib.resume] end FiberʹͳΓ͖ͬͯಈ͘

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Fiber.yield resume Fiber resume fib = Fiber.new do a, b = 1, 1 while true Fiber.yield(a) a, b = b, a + b end end 10.times do |n| p [n, fib.resume] end resumeʹ໭Δ

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resume, again resume yield fib = Fiber.new do a, b = 1, 1 while true Fiber.yield(a) a, b = b, a + b end end 10.times do |n| p [n, fib.resume] end

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resumeͷߦ͖ઌ Fiber new resume Fiber Fiber.yield resume ...

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APIΛઆ໌ͨ͠ resume yield

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EnumeratorͰॻ͖௚͢ fib = Fiber.new do a, b = 1, 1 while true Fiber.yield(a) a, b = b, a + b end end 10.times do |n| p [n, fib.resume] end def fibonacci a, b = 1, 1 while true yield(a) a, b = b, a + b end end fib = to_enum(:fibonacci) 10.times do |n| p [n, fib.next] end

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Enumerator ❌ Fiber

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͠͹Β͓͘଴͍ͪͩ͘͞ ✓ &OVNFSBUPSͰ"1*Λઆ໌ ✓ ೉ָ͕͠͞͠Ίͳ͍ ✓ ࣍͸3EW

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࣍ͷςʔϚ

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QueueΛհͨ͠ڠௐ Queue Thread Thread q = SizedQueue.new(1) Thread.new do 10.times do |n| sleep(rand) q.push(n) p [:push, n] end end Thread.new do 10.times do |n| sleep(rand) p [:pop, q.pop] end end.join

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͜ΕͷFiber൛ Rdv Fiber rendez-vous rdv = Rdv.new Fiber.new do 10.times do |n| rdv.push(n) p [:push, n] end end.resume Fiber.new do 10.times do |n| p [:pop, rdv.pop] end end.resume

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rendez-vous ⚓ rendez-vous

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ड͚औΔଆ͕଴ͭ৔߹ ⚓ rendez-vous

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͜͏͍͏৔߹΋͋Δ ⚓ rendez-vous ΋ͪΖΜٯ΋͋Δ

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Rdvͷ࣮૷ initialize push pop def initialize @reader = [] @writer = [] end def push(it) if @reader.empty? @writer << [it, Fiber.current] return Fiber.yield end @reader.shift.resume(it) end def pop if @writer.empty? @reader << Fiber.current return Fiber.yield end value, fiber = @writer.shift fiber.resume return value end

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࠷ۙ޷͖ͳΠσΟΦϜ resume yield

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ͱΓ͋͑ͣresume Fiber.new resume Thread.new resume

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initialize @reader pop @writer push Fiber def initialize @reader = [] @writer = [] end def push(it) if @reader.empty? @writer << [it, Fiber.current] return Fiber.yield end @reader.shift.resume(it) end def pop if @writer.empty? @reader << Fiber.current return Fiber.yield end value, fiber = @writer.shift fiber.resume return value end

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push @reader (yield) @reader (resume) def initialize @reader = [] @writer = [] end def push(it) if @reader.empty? @writer << [it, Fiber.current] return Fiber.yield end @reader.shift.resume(it) end def pop if @writer.empty? @reader << Fiber.current return Fiber.yield end value, fiber = @writer.shift fiber.resume return value end

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@reader͕͍ͳ͍ Fiber.current yield def initialize @reader = [] @writer = [] end def push(it) if @reader.empty? @writer << [it, Fiber.current] return Fiber.yield end @reader.shift.resume(it) end def pop if @writer.empty? @reader << Fiber.current return Fiber.yield end value, fiber = @writer.shift fiber.resume return value end

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@reader͕͍Δ @reader resume pop Fiber def initialize @reader = [] @writer = [] end def push(it) if @reader.empty? @writer << [it, Fiber.current] return Fiber.yield end @reader.shift.resume(it) end def pop if @writer.empty? @reader << Fiber.current return Fiber.yield end value, fiber = @writer.shift fiber.resume return value end

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pop @writer (yield) @writer (resume) def initialize @reader = [] @writer = [] end def push(it) if @reader.empty? @writer << [it, Fiber.current] return Fiber.yield end @reader.shift.resume(it) end def pop if @writer.empty? @reader << Fiber.current return Fiber.yield end value, fiber = @writer.shift fiber.resume return value end pushͱҰॹͩΑʂ Skip!

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@writer͕͍ͳ͍ Fiber.current yield def initialize @reader = [] @writer = [] end def push(it) if @reader.empty? @writer << [it, Fiber.current] return Fiber.yield end @reader.shift.resume(it) end def pop if @writer.empty? @reader << Fiber.current return Fiber.yield end value, fiber = @writer.shift fiber.resume return value end Skip!

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@writer͕͍Δ @writer resume push Fiber def initialize @reader = [] @writer = [] end def push(it) if @reader.empty? @writer << [it, Fiber.current] return Fiber.yield end @reader.shift.resume(it) end def pop if @writer.empty? @reader << Fiber.current return Fiber.yield end value, fiber = @writer.shift fiber.resume return value end Skip!

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ݕࠪதͷഉଞ੍ޚ Fiber Thread def initialize @reader = [] @writer = [] end def push(it) if @reader.empty? @writer << [it, Fiber.current] return Fiber.yield end @reader.shift.resume(it) end def pop if @writer.empty? @reader << Fiber.current return Fiber.yield end value, fiber = @writer.shift fiber.resume return value end Thread೴ͷਓ͸υΩυΩͯ͠Δͱࢥ͏

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Threadͱͷҧ͍ Thread Monitor

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͏༷͘͝ࢠ rdv = Rdv.new Fiber.new do 10.times do |n| rdv.push(n) p [:push, n] end end.resume Fiber.new do 10.times do |n| p [:pop, rdv.pop] end end.resume Fiber.newした  kara-matzを召喚

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͏༷͘͝ࢠ rdv = Rdv.new Fiber.new do 10.times do |n| rdv.push(n) p [:push, n] end end.resume Fiber.new do 10.times do |n| p [:pop, rdv.pop] end end.resume kara-matzをresume  kara-matzのターン 

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͏༷͘͝ࢠ rdv = Rdv.new Fiber.new do 10.times do |n| rdv.push(n) p [:push, n] end end.resume Fiber.new do 10.times do |n| p [:pop, rdv.pop] end end.resume kara-matzのpush！  相手がいない。  自分とデータをメモしyield。ターン終了

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͏༷͘͝ࢠ rdv = Rdv.new Fiber.new do 10.times do |n| rdv.push(n) p [:push, n] end end.resume Fiber.new do 10.times do |n| p [:pop, rdv.pop] end end.resume メインのターン  Fiber.new  ichi-matzを召喚

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͏༷͘͝ࢠ rdv = Rdv.new Fiber.new do 10.times do |n| rdv.push(n) p [:push, n] end end.resume Fiber.new do 10.times do |n| p [:pop, rdv.pop] end end.resume ichi-matzをresume  ichi-matzのターン 

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͏༷͘͝ࢠ rdv = Rdv.new Fiber.new do 10.times do |n| rdv.push(n) p [:push, n] end end.resume Fiber.new do 10.times do |n| p [:pop, rdv.pop] end end.resume ichi-matzのpop！  ichi-matzはメモを読んだ  データを手にいれた。kara-matzをresumeしターン終了

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10 Skip!

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͏༷͘͝ࢠ rdv = Rdv.new Fiber.new do 10.times do |n| rdv.push(n) p [:push, n] end end.resume Fiber.new do 10.times do |n| p [:pop, rdv.pop] end end.resume ichi-matzはしんでしまった  メインのターン  メインはしんでしまった Skip!

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͏͖ͦ͝͏ʂ ͕͢͞

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͜͜ͷ·ͱΊ Fiber resume yield

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͜͜ͷ·ͱΊ Thread Thread Fiber ޿ౡͰ͸@_ko1͔ΒAutoFiberͱ͍͏ఏҊΛ঺հͯ͠ ͍ͨɻϒϩοΫͦ͠͏ʹͳͬͨΒࣗಈతʹίϯς Ωετ੾Γସ͑͢ΔFiberɻ͜͜͸ͦΕ΁ͷճ౴

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͠͹Β͓͘଴͍ͪͩ͘͞ ✓ 'JCFSͷಉظͷ࣮૷ ✓ 3EW ✓ ࣍͸ιέοτϓϩάϥϛ ϯά

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࣍ͷςʔϚ socket

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͢͢Ί͔ͨ dRuby Thread Thread Fiber

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ૉ๿͚ͩͲҰ్ I/O 1 def main_loop loop do select fds.each do |fd| call_callback end end end def on_accept c = accept loop do read_request(c) do_it write_response(c) end end def read_n(fd, sz) ... ... end

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Thread൛ fd Thread def main_loop loop do select fds.each do |fd| call_callback end end end def on_accept c = accept Thread.new(c) do |fd| loop do read_request(fd) do_it write_response(fd) end end end def read_n(fd, sz) ... ... end ௥Ճ͸͚ͩ͜͜ ௥Ճ͸͚ͩ͜͜

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Fiber൛ def main_loop loop do select fds.each do |fd| call_callback end end end def on_accept c = accept Fiber.new do loop do read_request(c) do_it write_response(c) end end.resume end def read_n(fd, sz) ... ... end Swapped with Fiber

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Fiber൛վ I/O I/O def main_loop loop do select fds.each do |fd| call_callback end end end def on_accept c = accept Fiber.new do loop do read_request(c) do_it write_response(c) end end.resume end def read_n(fd, sz) ... fd.read_nonblock(sz) rescue WaitReadable Fiber.yield retry end

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Block-ish non-block I/O Fiber.yield main_loop resume def main_loop loop do select fds.each do |fd| call_callback end end end def on_accept c = accept Fiber.new do loop do read_request(c) do_it write_response(c) end end.resume end def read_n(fd, sz) ... fd.read_nonblock(sz) rescue WaitReadable Fiber.yield retry end

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ίʔϧόοΫͰresume

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Bartender fd readable, writable https://github.com/seki/bartender

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Bartender::Context readable, writable block-ish non-block I/O Context#[]=(event, fd, callback) Πϕϯτछʢ:read, :writeʣͱfdͷ૊ʹίʔϧόοΫΛొ࿥

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_read() read_nonblock readable retry Fiber def _read(fd, sz) return fd.read_nonblock(sz) rescue IO::WaitReadable wait_readable(fd) retry end def wait_readable(fd); wait_io(:read, fd); end def wait_io(event, fd) self[event, fd] = Fiber.current.method(:resume) Fiber.yield ensure delete(event, fd) end

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read_nonblock sz IO::WaitReadable def _read(fd, sz) return fd.read_nonblock(sz) rescue IO::WaitReadable wait_readable(fd) retry end def wait_readable(fd); wait_io(:read, fd); end def wait_io(event, fd) self[event, fd] = Fiber.current.method(:resume) Fiber.yield ensure delete(event, fd) end

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wait_io() resume Fiber.yield select resume readable def _read(fd, sz) return fd.read_nonblock(sz) rescue IO::WaitReadable wait_readable(fd) retry end def wait_readable(fd); wait_io(:read, fd); end def wait_io(event, fd) self[event, fd] = Fiber.current.method(:resume) Fiber.yield ensure delete(event, fd) end

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I'll show this to you on an actual application

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tiny_drbͷൈਮ read def req_drb(reader) ref = load(reader, false) msg = load(reader) argc = load(reader) argv = argc.times.collect {load(reader)} block = load(reader, false) [ref, msg, argv] end def load(reader, marshal=true) sz = reader.read(4) sz = sz.unpack('N')[0] data = reader.read(sz) return data unless marshal begin Marshal.load(data) rescue DRb::DRbUnknown.new($!, data) end end

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צҧ͍ ❌ readable ❌ writable

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ੲΑ͘ݟͨόά select()

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σϞʢ͸͋Γ·ͤΜʣ sample ... ...

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tiny_drb.rb irb -r drb irb -r drb tiny_drb.rb Rdv https://github.com/seki/bartender/tree/master/sample Skip!

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tiny_drbͷ͓΋͠Ζ͍ͱ͜Ζ block-ish nonblock I/O Fiber select Rdv

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ଞʹࢼ࡞ͨ͠΋ͷ Fiber Rinda::TupleSpace Fiber WEBrick FD Thread Skip!

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Threadͱͷ଴ͪ߹Θͤ Thread.value IO.pipe close class ThreadTask def initialize(*args, &block) left, @right = IO.pipe @task = Thread.new do begin block.call(*args) ensure left.close end end end def value if @right Bartender.wait_readable(@right) @right.close end @task.value ensure @right = nil end end Skip!

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Multiplexerͷ·ͱΊ vs Thread Fiber block-ish non-block I/O

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Fiberೖ໳ͷ·ͱΊ Fibonacci Enumerator Rdv SizedQueue, channel Multiplexer

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͠͹Β͓͘଴͍ͪͩ͘͞ ✓ ࣌ؒ͋Δ͔ͳʁ ✓ ͓·͚

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͓·͚ Fiber ... Skip?

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ࠓճͷྫ͸

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᠘ Fiber Thread FiberError gem

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ͭ·Γ Fiber ࢖༻͢Δgemͷ࢓૊Έ͘Β͍Θ͔ͬͯͳ͍ͱ

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ϋϚΔྫ Fiber Twitter JSON.parse String JSON.parse

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ϋϚΓͦ͏ͳྫ RDBMS ...

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͠͹Β͓͘଴͍ͪͩ͘͞ ✓ ͓ΘΓ

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·ͱΊ Thread Fiber Fiber API I/O

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Process ↔ Thread ↔ Fiber Fiber Thread Process ͋ͳͨ͸ͳʹΛ࢖͏΂͖ʁ

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ϓϩάϥϛϯάErlangΑΓ -module(kvs). -export([start/0, store/2, lookup/1]). start() -> register(kvs, spawn(fun() -> loop() end)). store(Key, Value) -> rpc({store, Key, Value}). lookup(Key) -> rpc({lookup, Key}). rpc(Q) -> kvs ! {self(), Q}, receive {kvs, Reply} -> Reply end. loop() -> receive {From, {store, Key, Value}} -> put(Key, {ok, Value}), From ! {kvs, true}, loop(); {From, {lookup, Key}} -> From ! {kvs, get(Key)}, loop() end.

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serverͷϝΠϯϧʔϓ -module(kvs). -export([start/0, store/2, lookup/1]). start() -> register(kvs, spawn(fun() -> loop() end)). store(Key, Value) -> rpc({store, Key, Value}). lookup(Key) -> rpc({lookup, Key}). rpc(Q) -> kvs ! {self(), Q}, receive {kvs, Reply} -> Reply end. loop() -> receive {From, {store, Key, Value}} -> put(Key, {ok, Value}), From ! {kvs, true}, loop(); {From, {lookup, Key}} -> From ! {kvs, get(Key)}, loop() end. server main loop

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client͸ࡶʹϒϩοΫ x -module(kvs). -export([start/0, store/2, lookup/1]). start() -> register(kvs, spawn(fun() -> loop() end)). store(Key, Value) -> rpc({store, Key, Value}). lookup(Key) -> rpc({lookup, Key}). rpc(Q) -> kvs ! {self(), Q}, receive {kvs, Reply} -> Reply end. loop() -> receive {From, {store, Key, Value}} -> put(Key, {ok, Value}), From ! {kvs, true}, loop(); {From, {lookup, Key}} -> From ! {kvs, get(Key)}, loop() end. client API

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΋͜͠Εਅࣅͯ͠Δͱ x -module(kvs). -export([start/0, store/2, lookup/1]). start() -> register(kvs, spawn(fun() -> loop() end)). store(Key, Value) -> rpc({store, Key, Value}). lookup(Key) -> rpc({lookup, Key}). rpc(Q) -> kvs ! {self(), Q}, receive {kvs, Reply} -> Reply end. loop() -> receive {From, {store, Key, Value}} -> put(Key, {ok, Value}), From ! {kvs, true}, loop(); {From, {lookup, Key}} -> From ! {kvs, get(Key)}, loop() end. serverͷओॲཧͰrpcΛ ݺΜͩΒݻ·Δ͔΋...

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2छྨͷϝοηʔδΛѻ͏ 1. Receive 4. Do it 2. Send task1 3. Receive task1 5. Send receive 2種類のメッセージ

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͋ͱͰ΍ΔϦετ 1. Receive 4. Do it 2. Send task1 3. Receive task1 5. Send 処理できないやつをあとでやる

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͋ͱͰ΍Δ࡞ઓ... ࣗ෼ͷ౎߹ͷྑ͍࣌ʹ΍ΔΑ ΍Γ͔͚ͷ͕ऴΘ͔ͬͯΒ࣍ͷཁٻΛ΍Δ ࣗ෼͸͏·͘ߦ͘

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૬ޓʹґଘ͢Δ෦෼͕͋ͬͨΒ... ݏͳ༧ײ͕͢Δ

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"͋ͱͰ΍Δ"Λ࣋ͬͨ··͓ޓ͍ʹreplyΛ଴ͬͪΌ͏ ݏͳ༧ײ͕͢Δ

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20ੈل ػೳ෼ࢄ ͜ͷόά΍ͬͨ͜ͱ͋Δ

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Ӆ͞Εͨґଘ͕͋ͬͨ ࣌ʑɺΈΜͳ͕reply଴ͪʹͳΔ ୭΋ࢭ·ͬͯͳ͍͚ͲγεςϜ͸ࢭ·ͬͯΔ