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Introduction to GraphQL Radoslav Stankov 08/10/2015

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Radoslav Stankov @rstankov http://rstankov.com
 http://blog.rstankov.com http://github.com/rstankov

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GET /api/posts?date=2015-10-31 { id: 1, title: "Post title", tagline: "Post headline", votes_count: 1, comments_count: 1, url: '/category/slug', thumbnail_url: 'assets.producthunt.com/uuid', hunter_id: 1 }

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GET /api/users/1 { id: 1, name: 'User Name', handle: 'user_name', avatar_url: 'assets.producthunt.com/uuid' }

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Rest Client Rest Server

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Rest Client Rest Server /api/posts?date=2015-10-31

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Rest Client Rest Server /api/posts?date=2015-10-31 /api/users/{x} (for X users)

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Rest Client Rest Server /api/posts?date=2015-10-31 /api/users/{x} (for X users)

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…approach 2

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GET /api/posts?date=2015-10-31 { id: 1, title: "Post title", tagline: "Post headline", votes_count: 1, comments_count: 1, url: '/category/slug', thumbnail_url: 'assets.producthunt.com/uuid', hunter: { id: 1, name: 'User Name', handle: 'user_name', avatar_url: 'assets.producthunt.com/uuid' } }

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GET /api/posts?date=2015-10-31 { id: 1, title: "Post title", tagline: "Post headline", votes_count: 1, comments_count: 1, url: '/category/slug', thumbnail_url: 'assets.producthunt.com/uuid', hunter: { id: 1, name: 'User Name', handle: 'user_name', avatar_url: 'assets.producthunt.com/uuid' }, makers: [{ id: 2, name: 'Second User', handle: 'second_user', avatar_url: 'assets.producthunt.com/uuid' }] }

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GET /api/posts?date=2015-10-31 { id: 1, title: "Post title", tagline: "Post headline", votes_count: 1, comments_count: 1, url: '/category/slug', thumbnail_url: 'assets.producthunt.com/uuid', hunter: { id: 1, name: 'User Name', handle: 'user_name', avatar_url: 'assets.producthunt.com/uuid' }, makers: [{ id: 2, name: 'Second User', handle: 'second_user', avatar_url: 'assets.producthunt.com/uuid' }], platform: [{ name: 'iPhone', }, { name: 'Mac', }, { name: 'Web', }] }

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…approach 3

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Rest Client Rest Server

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Rest Client Rest Server endpoint 1 feature 1

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Rest Client Rest Server endpoint 1 feature 1 endpoint 2 feature 2

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Rest Client Rest Server endpoint 1 feature 1 endpoint 2 feature 2 endpoint 3 feature 3

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Rest Client Rest Server endpoint 1 feature 1 endpoint 2 feature 2 endpoint 3 feature 3 endpoint N feature N

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{ id: 1, title: "Post title", tagline: "Post headline", votes_count: 1, hunter: { id: 1, avatar_url: 'assets.producthunt.com/uuid' }, makers: [{ id: 2, avatar_url: 'assets.producthunt.com/uuid' }] }

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{ id title tagline votes_count hunter { id avatar_url } makers { id avatar_url } }

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GET /graphql Request Body Response Body

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 query { post(id: 1){ id title tagline votes_count hunter { id avatar_url } makers { id avatar_url } } } GET /graphql Request Body Response Body

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 query { post(id: 1){ id title tagline votes_count hunter { id avatar_url } makers { id avatar_url } } } GET /graphql Request Body Response Body

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 query { post(id: 1){ id title tagline votes_count hunter { id avatar_url } makers { id avatar_url } } } GET /graphql Request Body Response Body { "data": { "post": { "id": 1, "title": "title", "tagline": "tagline", "votes_count": 0, "hunter": { "id": 1, "avatar_url": "assets.producthu }, "makers": [ { "id": 1, "avatar_url": "assets.product } ] } } }

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It’s that simple

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 https://facebook.github.io/graphql


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GraphQL is a query language created by Facebook in 2012 which provides a common interface between the client and the server for data fetching and manipulations. The client asks for various data from the GraphQL server via queries.

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Architecture 
 GraphQL Library
 (Per-Language)
 
 Type
 Definitions
 
 Application
 Code


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GraphQL • Single endpoint • Not just a library • Application-Layer Protocol • Server agnostic • Strongly-typed • Client-specified queries • Hierarchical

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Tries to solve • N+1 API queries • API response bloat • Documentation • Ad Hoc Endpoints • Structure issues

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QueryType = GraphQL::ObjectType.define do name 'Query' description 'The query root for this schema' field :post do type PostType description 'The post' argument :id, types.Int, 'Post id' resolve -> (obj, args, context) do Post.find args['id'] end end end Ruby Example

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PostType = GraphQL::ObjectType.define do name 'Post' field :id, types.Int field :title, types.String field :tagline, types.String field :votes_count, types.Int field :comments_count, types.Int field :thumbnail_url, types.String field :hunter do type -> { UserType } resolve -> (obj, args, context) do obj.user end end field :makers do type -> { types[UserType] } resolve -> (obj, args, context) do obj.makers end end end Ruby Example

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Query 
 query { post(id: 1){ id title tagline votes_count hunter { id avatar_url } makers { id avatar_url } } } { "data": { "post": { "id": 1, "title": "title", "tagline": "tagline", "votes_count": 0, "hunter": { "id": 1, "avatar_url": "assets.producthun }, "makers": [ { "id": 1, "avatar_url": "assets.producth } ] } } }

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Mutation 
 mutation { createUser(name: "Rado") { id } } { "data": { "createSpeaker": { "id": 2 } } }

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Documentation 
 query { __schema { types { name fields { name type { name kind ofType { name kind } } } } } } { "data": { "__schema": { "types": [ { "name": "Query", "fields": [ { "name": "user", "type": { "name": "Non-Null", "kind": "NON_NULL", "ofType": { "name": "User", "kind": "OBJECT" } } }, { "name": "post", "type": { "name": "Non-Null", "kind": "NON_NULL", "ofType": { "name": "Post", "kind": "OBJECT" } } } ] },

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{ id hunter: { id name
 small_avatar_url: avatar_url(size: 100)
 big_avatar_url: avatar_url(size: 400) } } Cool tricks

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query withFragments { user(id: 4) { friends(first: 10) { ...friendFields } mutualFriends(first: 10) { ...friendFields } } } fragment friendFields on User { id name profilePic(size: 50) } Cool tricks

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 https://facebook.github.io/react


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 https://facebook.github.io/relay


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PostContainer = Relay.createContainer(Post, { fragments: { post: () => Relay.QL` fragment on Post { id title tagline votes_count } `, }, }); Relay

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Demo

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Issues • New, just a draft specification • Mutations are weird • Best practices and solutions • Large datasets

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https://speakerdeck.com/rstankov/introduction-to-graphql

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https://github.com/rstankov/talks-code

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@rstankov Thanks :)

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Questions?