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Speakers - Site Reliability Engineer @ LINE Taiwan - SRE Team - Loves Linux Networking, Distributed Systems & Open Source Che Wei Lin a.k.a johnlin - Site Reliability Engineer @ LINE Taiwan - SRE Team - A Gopher, interested in Kubernetes and Severless Sometimes contribute Open Source project. Wei

Agenda - Traditional Monitoring Practices & Background - Overview of Observability Platform - Adoption Status & Current Practices - Challenges of Adoption - Sharing Use Cases

Traditional Monitoring Practices Background introduction

Previous (K8s) Adoption Status October 2020 Projects 20+ App Configs 130+ K8s Clusters 50+

Current (K8s) Adoption Status October 2021 Projects +100% 20 40 K8s Clusters +40% 50 70 App Configs +500% 130 650+

Background Verda Infrastructure - Verda is a private cloud service for LINE - VKS : Verda Kubernetes Service - VES : Verda Elasticsearch Service - VOS : Verda Object Storage - Most application teams use in-house service VKS for hosting applications

Traditional Monitoring Practice Traditional Approaches - Prometheus long-term storage problem (ex: 6 months metrics) - Each team may have their own Grafana dashboards cause redundant works For Self-hosting Prometheus, Grafana For Self-hosting ELK stack - Need an expert in ELK stack to manage the performance and indices Build-in LogSender & Prometheus is Not Enough - Logs: Collect container logs with Fluentd and send to Verda Elasticsearch Service (VES) - Metrics: Prometheus monitor cluster level - Traces: Few teams adopt Zipkins for distributed request tracing

Overview of Observability Platform

Observability Platform Goal of Observability Platform - Use the same data sources and dashboards to discuss the behavior of events - The process of importing indicators into the application is the same and experience can be shared - Reduce communication costs caused by differences in tools Pooling of system knowledge for organization Everyone Uses Same Tools & Dashboards - Managed single Grafana instance with multiple organizations for all projects - Provides integrated logs, metrics, and tracing data sources - Built-in common used dashboards

Multi-tenancy Project-based Permission Control Grafana Grants Permissions by Mail Group Indicator of Project B Indicator of Project A Users

Architecture Overview

Grafana Loki Bucket / {Tenant ID} Grafana Promtail {Tenant ID: A} Workloads Loki Verda Object Storage Promtail {Tenant ID: B} Workloads Verda Network Node Node Node Node Node Node Node Node Node LogQL {Tenant ID} Observability Cluster Project A VKS Cluster Project B VKS Cluster logs logs Read Write Write Write

Prometheus & Thanos っっっっっz Thanos Query B Promtheus + Thanos Thanos Query Verda Network Node Node Node Node Node Node Node Node Node Observability Cluster Project A VKS Cluster Project B VKS Cluster Promtheus + Thanos Thanos Query Thanos Query z Thanos Query A Grafana Verda Object Storage Bucket A Bucket B Thanos Store Thanos Store PromQL Thanos Query Read Read

Grafana Tempo & OpenTelemetry Collector Open Telemetry Collector A Pod with Jaeger sidecar Verda Network Node Node Node Node Node Node Node Node Node Observability Cluster Project A VKS Cluster Project B VKS Cluster Open Telemetry Collector Open Telemetry Collector B Grafana Bucket / {Tenant ID} Verda Object Storage Kafka Tempo API/SDK/Exporters Pod with Jaeger sidecar Open Telemetry Collector API/SDK/Exporters Write Read Read Write Write Read

Storage Usage Telemetry Data 20M Objects Logs 30 TB 360K Objects Metrics 60 TB 1M Objects Traces 20 TB

Managed Ingress Controller Traefik Kubernetes Ingress Provider - Automatically installed for clusters for each project - Parts of observability platform: integrated sidecar for collecting traces and expose metrics - Traefik as a Kubernetes ingress provider

Managed Ingress Controller Open Telemetry Collector B Ingress Controller Traefik Verda Network Node Node Node Node Node Node Node Node Node Observability Cluster Project A VKS Cluster Project B VKS Cluster Open Telemetry Collector A Jaeger sidecar Ingress Controller Traefik Jaeger sidecar Verda LB Network Traffic Verda LB Network Traffic Open Telemetry Collector Open Telemetry Collector Write Write

Adoption Status & Current Practices

Adoption Status Observability Platform Project Adopted LINE SPOT LINE Shopping LINE Travel LINE HUB LINE MUSIC TW LINE TODAY OAPLUS Sticker TW

Adoption Status Statistics of Grafana Users Organizations 34 Active users (30d) 120+ Users 200+

Adoption Status Statistics of Grafana Across all Organizations Dashboards 750+ Alerts 300 Data Sources 200

Adoption Status Statistics of Data Sources 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 MySQL Elasticsearch InfluxDB Grafana Tempo Grafana Loki Prometheus

Adoption Status Statistics of Telemetry Data 40B+ / week Log Lines 300M / h Metric Series 16M 20B+ / week Trace Spans 200M / h hourly, weekly

How to manage agents for more than 70 clusters

Current Practices: Argo CD ApplicationSet Manage Multiple Argo CD App Cluster B Cluster C Cluster A Argo CD Git

Current Practices: Telemetry Data - Logs: A record of an event that happened within an application - Metrics: Numerical representation of data. Determine a service or component’s overall behavior over time - Traces: The entire path of a request as it moves through all the nodes of a distributed system Exemplars Split view with labels Metric queries Span metrics processor Trace to logs Followed Trace ID Metrics Traces Logs

Challenges of Adoption

Challenges of Adoption Challenges of Adopting from Application Team Introducing new languages (LogQL, PromQL) Instrumenting for metrics & tracing may require retrofitting existing infrastructure

How to deal with these challenges Internal Hands-on Workshops for Teams

How to deal with these challenges Built-in Default Dashboards on Grafana - Blackbox/Uptime Dashboards - Kubernetes Events/Deployment/Jobs - Traefik Latency/QPS Dashboards

How to deal with these challenges Provide managed ingress controller which already export metrics & traces Out of the box feature Built-in TLS certificates & Traefik common middlewares Integrated structure log, tracing agent and exposed metrics

Sharing Use Cases

Use Case #1 Interactive Observation with Different Indicators Received Alerts from Slack Check metrics time range to locate logs Inspect logs Use LogQL to calculate the average elapsed time Metrics Logs Log Metrics Query Alerts

Alerts to Metrics

Locate Logs

Metric Queries LogQL to Calculate the Average Elapsed Time - Elapsed time peaks in the specific pod - Check the last request before restart

Use Case #2 Interactive Observation with Different Indicators Find out 500 error from metrics Link to corresponding access logs Open trace viewer for a request Jump to application logs in span of trace Logs Traces Logs Metrics

Increased error rate of HTTP requests Error in metrics

Metrics to Logs Sync All Views to This Time Range

Filter logs by LogQL Locate Log

Logs to Traces Find the Trace from Logs

Traces to Logs Checking the stack trace of error

Roadmap Next Steps Error Tracking Sentry Web Vitals Metrics to Traces Prometheus with Exemplars Logs Grafana Loki with Promtail Traces to Metrics OpenTelemetry Collector with Span Metrics Processor Traces Grafana Tempo with OpenTelemetry Collector Metrics Prometheus with Thaons

Summary - Observability platform brings a consolidated dashboard and pooling of system knowledge across organization - Current observability practices speed up for teams to achieve actionable insights from data - Traditional monitoring practices are not enough for teams debugging in a distributed system Key Takeaways - Adoption challenges, experience sharing and use cases sharing

Thank you