RailsエンジニアのためのNext.js入門

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RailsΤϯδχΞͷͨΊͷ Next.jsೖ໳ Kaigi on Rails 2021

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Ubie Discovery Kazuhito Hokamura @hokaccha @hokaccha

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ࠓ೔ͷ࿩ 1. Next.jsͱ͸Կ͔ 2. Next.jsͷػೳɾಛ௃

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Next.jsͱ͸Կ͔

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Next.js gives you the best developer experience with all the features you need for production: hybrid static & server rendering, TypeScript support, smart bundling, route pre-fetching, and more. No config needed.

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Next.js͸RailsΛஔ͖׵͑ΔΑ͏ͳ΋ͷʁ

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🙅

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ͳͥNext.jsΛ࢖͏ͷ͔

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RailsϑϩϯτΤϯυͷϖΠϯ • ಠࣗ࿏ઢͳٕज़ελοΫ • JavaScriptͱhaml/erb͕ࠞ͟Δ • JavaScriptͰඳը͢Δ෦෼ͷPre Rendering͕ࠔ೉

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Next.jsͩͱ • σϑΝΫτελϯμʔυͳٕज़͔ͭߴ͍։ൃମݧͷ؀ڥͰ։ൃͰ͖Δ • JavaScriptʢTypeScriptʣ͚ͩͰϑϩϯτΤϯυ͕׬݁͢Δ • Pre Rendering͕؆୯ʹ࣮ݱͰ͖Δ

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͔͠͠Next.js͚ͩͩͱ • DBͷૢ࡞ϨΠϠʔ͕ͳ͍ • Blitz.jsͷΑ͏ͳϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ͕͋Δ͚Ͳ·ͩະख़

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RailsͳͲͱ૊Έ߹Θͤͯ࢖͏ͷ͕ݱঢ়ͩͱϕλʔ

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ΞʔΩςΫνϟͷྫ

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👩💻 Frontend API Database

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👩💻

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👩💻

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👩💻

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͜͜·Ͱͷ·ͱΊ • Next.js͸ϑϩϯτΤϯυΛओ؟ʹ͓͍ͨϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ • RailsΛͦͷ··ஔ͖׵͑ΔΑ͏ͳ΋ͷͰ͸ͳ͍ • όοΫΤϯυ͕ಘҙͳϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͱ૊Έ߹Θͤͯ࢖͏ͷ͕Α͍

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Next.jsͷػೳ

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ಛ௃తͳػೳ • Zero con fi g • File-system Routing • Performance Optimization • Pre Rendering

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Zero Con fi g

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1. ඞཁͳϞδϡʔϧΛΠϯετʔϧ 2. React ComponentΛ࡞Δ 3. next dev Λ࣮ߦ͢Δ Ҏ্ɻ

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File-system Routing

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GET / GET /posts GET /posts/:id

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GET / GET /posts GET /posts/:id

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pages/posts/[id].tsx

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Performance Optimization

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͜͜Ͱ͍͏ύϑΥʔϚϯε Core Web Vitalsతͳҙຯ

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Next.jsͷύϑΥʔϚϯε࠷దԽ • σϑΥϧτͰ༷ʑͳϕετϓϥΫςΟεͷద༻ • Code splitting, Critical Rendering Path࠷దԽ, etc... • next/imageʹΑΔCLS࠷దԽ • next/linkʹΑΔը໘ભҠͷύϑΥʔϚϯε࠷దԽ • Pre RenderingʹΑΔFCP/LCPͷ࠷దԽ

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Pre Rendering

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Client Side Rendering

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Client Side Rendering • ॳظඳըͷύϑΥʔϚϯε͕Ͱͳ͍ • JavaScriptΛ࣮ߦ͠ͳ͍ΫϥΠΞϯτʹऑ͍ʢOGP, SEOʣ

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ͦ͜ͰPre Rendering • αʔόʔͰHTMLΛ࡞ͬͯฦ͢ → Server Side Rendering • ͋Β͔͡ΊHTMLΛ࡞͓͍ͬͯͯฦ͢ → Static Site Generation

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࣮૷ɺӡ༻͕࠷΋γϯϓϧɻύϑΥʔϚϯε΍OGPΛؾʹ͠ͳ͍Ͱ͍͍έʔεͰબͿ ύϑΥʔϚϯε࠷ڧɻ੩తʹੜ੒Ͱ͖ͯύϑΥʔϚϯεʹͩ͜ΘΓ͍ͨέʔεͰ͸͜Ε ੩తʹੜ੒͢Δͷແཧ͚ͩͲॳظඳըͷύϑΥʔϚϯε΋OGP΋୲อ͍ͨ͠৔߹ʹ࠷ऴతʹબͿɻ  ͦ͏͍͏έʔε͸ͦΕͳΓʹ͋Δ🥲 Client Side Rendering Static Site Generation Server Side Rendering ※ Incremental Static Regeneration ͱ͍͏ͷ΋͋Δ͚Ͳ࣌ؒͷ౎߹ͰׂѪ

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SSR, SSG, CSR͸ซ༻Մೳ • ಈతʹσʔλ͕มΘΔ঎඼ϖʔδ͸SSR • ࣄલʹσʔλ͕Θ͔Δϔϧϓϖʔδ͸SSG • ύϑΥʔϚϯε΍OGPΛؾ͠ͳ͍؅ཧը໘͸CSR

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Server Side Rendering ϦΫΤετΛड͚ͨͱ͖ʹ getServerSideProps͕࣮ߦ  ͞ΕΔͷͰpropsΛ࡞ͬͯ౉͢

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Static Site Generation Ϗϧυ࣌ʹgetStaticPathsͱ getStaticProps͕ݺ͹Εͯಈత ʹ੩తϑΝΠϧΛੜ੒͢Δ

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·ͱΊ

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·ͱΊ • Next.js͸RailsΛஔ͖׵͑Δ΋ͷͰͳ͘ڞଘ͍ͯ͘͠΋ͷ • Next.jsͷ։ൃମݧ͸େมΑ͍ͷͰҰճ࢖ͬͯΈͯ΄͍͠ • Rails͕޷͖ͳΤϯδχΞͳΒ޷͖ʹͳΔͱࢥ͏ɺͨͿΜʂ

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͋Γ͕ͱ͏͍͟͝·ͨ͠ʂ