使用Eloquent ORM - Speaker Deck

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Laravel ޻࡞๥ ࢖༻ Eloquent ORM shengyou @ জࢣେࢿ޻ܥላ။ (2014.12.07)

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֊ஈ೚຿ • ላश Eloquent ORM త࢖༻ํࣜɼྃղ Laravel ૢ࡞ࢿྉݿతํ๏ • ላश೗Կ࢖༻ artisan tinkerɺdd() ౳޻۩ ိڠॿଌࢼ Model ఔࣜᛰ

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࢖༻ Eloquent ORM

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ॄኄੋ ORMʁ • ORM = Object-relational mapping • ؆ᄸိ㘸ɼबੋ೺ࢿྉݿཫҰචҰචతࢿ ྉᏓ੒෺݅ိૢ࡞ɻṜࠣ෺݅ಁա៺ঝՄ Ҏ⃧Ճߋଟతํ๏ɼᩋࢿྉݿతૢ࡞ (CRUD) ߋՃ௚᧷ɺํศ

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ҝॄኄཁ༻ ORMʁ • ݪຊࡏሜࢿྉݿ查ᨑ࣌ɼԟԟधཁࣗߦґ রधٻḤሜ SQL 查ᨑࣜɼᙛ查ᨑࣜᏓ ௕ɺ᮫࿆೔਼ෳᯑ࣌ɼ኷೉௚᧷ྃղ֘查 ᨑࣜత࡞༻ • ࣗߦ႔ཧ SQL 查ᨑࣜ࣌ɼ໵ध֬ೝ༌ೖ తࣈ۲ੋ൱౎༗ Escape Ҏ๷҆શੑྀٙ

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Model ׳ྫ • Laravel త૬᮫׳ྫෳश - Ұݸ resource ሣጯ౸ DB ཫతҰݸ table - Ұݸ model ሣጯ౸ table ཫతҰݸ row - table ໊᜝༻ෳᏐʀ model ໊᜝༻ᄸᏐ - ኺࢿྉදऔग़ိత౦੢ੋ Collectionɼ Մᙛ ਞྻ(array) ࢖༻

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tinker খ㢨ख • PHP ຊ਎༗㚎ݐޓಈࢦྩ (REPL) ໛ࣜɼ Մ༻ php -a ਐೖɼՄࡏଖதଌࢼఔࣜᛰ • tinker ଇੋ Laravel ఏڙత artisan ࢦྩɼআ ྃਐೖ PHP త REPL ໛ࣜ֎ɼՃࡌ Laravel ॴ༗෺݅؀ڥɼՄᩋզ၇ࡏଖதଌࢼ Laravel తఔࣜᛰ ˒ tinker 㘸໌ɿhttp://laravel-recipes.com/recipes/280/interacting-with-your-application

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artisan tinker • ਐೖ PHP ޓಈ໛ࣜɼฒࡌೖ Laravel ؀ڥ - ՄҎ௚઀ࡏࢦྩ໛ࣜԼૢ࡞ Laravel ֤ݩ ݅ɼଌࢼఔࣜሜ๏ - ཁ݁ଋ੥༻ exit; ࢦྩ • ൣྫɿ $ php artisan tinker [1] > exit; ˒ ༝ԙ tinker ૬ґత extension pcntl ࡏ Windows ্ᔒ༗መ࡞ɼҼࠑແ ๏શޭೳࢧԉ tinker ޭೳɿhttp://php.net/manual/en/pcntl.installation.php

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dd() ଌࢼ޻۩ • Laravel 㚎ݐҰݸ debug ีॿവࣜɿdd() - ଖመबੋ೺ᏓᏐ㟚ਐ var_dump ޙ exit - ՄҎࡏ೚Կ஍ํ࢖༻ɼଌࢼఔࣜᛰྲྀ ఔɺᬓाɺྃղ෺݅㚎༰ • ൣྫɿ $post = Post::find(1); dd($post); ˒ dd() 㘸໌ɿhttp://laravel.com/docs/4.2/helpers#miscellaneous

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৽⃧ࢿྉ • ࢖༻ new ݐߏࣜ - ௚઀࢖༻ new ݐߏࣜ㗞ੜ Model መᱪɼ ࠶ଘ䈕 • ൣྫɿ $post = new Post; $post-‐>title = ‘My Title’; $post-‐>save();

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৽⃧ࢿྉ • create($array); - ኺਞྻ৽⃧ࢿྉɼਞྻత key 值ࣗಈሣ ጯ౸ࢿྉදతཝҐ • ൣྫɿ $post = Post::create($input);

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Mass Assignment • Laravel త ORM ՄҎ௚઀༻ Mass Assignment తํࣜ௚઀৽⃧ࢿྉɼޠ๏؆ ܿɺշ଎ํศɼୠ༗Մೳ။༗҆શੑ໰୊ • ࡏ generator 㗞ੜత Model ཫɼﬁllable త ሱੑबੋࡏઃఆ䬟ࠣཝҐՄҎ࢖༻ Mass Assignment ၏ҝ๷ڔखஈ ˒ ׭໢จ݅ɿhttp://laravel.tw/docs/4.2/eloquent#mass-assignment

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Mass Assignment ܯࣔ

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ઃఆ ﬁllableɺguarded • ࡏ Model 㚎ઃఆ ﬁllable ሱੑɼࢦఆ䬟ࠣཝ ҐՄҎಁա Mass Assignment ိሜೖ/ߋ৽ ࢿྉ • guarded ଇੋ૬൓తሱੑɼઃఆޙՄҎอ ޢಛఆཝҐෆ࢖༻ Mass Assignment • ൣྫɿ protected $fillable = [‘title’, ‘content’, ‘category_id’]; protected $guarded = [‘id’, ‘password’];

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႟আࢿྉ • delete(); - ઌऔग़ Model መᱪޙɼ࠶႟আ • ൣྫɿ $post = Post::find(1); $post-‐>delete();

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႟আࢿྉ • destroy($id); - ႟আҰචࢿྉɼ࢖༻ primary key • destroy([1, 2, 3]); - ႟আଟචࢿྉɼ࢖༻ array ၚ值 • destroy(1, 2, 3); - ႟আଟචࢿྉɼ࢖༻ଟჩᏐၚ值

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ߋ৽ࢿྉ • save(); • ઌऔग़ Model መᱪޙɼ࠶਑ሣሱੑߋ ৽ɼશ෦׬੒ޙ࠶ଘ䈕 • ൣྫɿ $post = Post::find(1); $post-‐>title = ‘My New Title’; $post-‐>save();

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ߋ৽ࢿྉ • update($array); - ኺਞྻߋ৽ࢿྉɼਞྻత key 值ࣗಈሣ ጯ౸ࢿྉදతཝҐ • ൣྫɿ $post = Post::find(1); $post-‐>update($input);

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查ਘࢿྉ • all() // औग़શ෦ࢿྉ • ﬁnd($id); // ࢖༻ primary key • where(‘ཝҐ’, ‘ᑍ݅’, ‘值’); • orderBy(‘ཝҐ’, ‘ഉংํࣜ’); • get(); // ճၚ Collection • ﬁrst(); // ճၚ Model

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Collection ஞචऔग़ • ኺ Model 查ᨑత݁ՌɼEloquent ။ճၚҰ ݸ Collectionɼଖߦҝब૾ਞྻҰᒬɼՄ Ҏࢧԉ༻ foreach औग़ࢿྉ • ൣྫɿ $posts = Post::all(); // $posts ੋ Collection foreach($posts as $post) { echo $post-‐>title; // $post ੋ Model }

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ಛҟޭೳ • paginate($per_page); - ґઃఆతචᏐࡏ Query 㚎Ճ Limit ޠ ๏ɼࡏ view ্Մࣗಈࢧԉ෼ท • random($num); - ኺ Collection ᬋػऔग़ n චࢿྉ

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ߋଟ ORM ૢ࡞ํࣜ • ׭ํจ݅ - http://laravel.tw/docs/4.2/eloquent#insert- update-delete • Collection ༻๏ - http://jenssegers.be/blog/51/laravel- collections-are-awesome

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ଘ䈕ᴍ • ࢼஶ೺ݱࡏቮៃՄҎӡ࡞తఔࣜᛰՃೖ൛ ຊ߇੍㚎 • ྲྀఔఏ੧ɿ - working directory > staging area > commit

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ࢿྉද᮫࿆

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ࢿྉදؒత᮫࿆

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Model ࢿྉ᮫࿆ • ࡏ Model 㚎ఆٛଖᢛଖଞ Model ؒత᮫࿆ ྨܕ Eloquent ब။ࣗಈሡṜݸ᮫࿆Ꮣ੒෺ ݅ؒతሱੑɼࣕແधࣗߦԼ SQL ޠ๏ • ൣྫɿ public function {㠥Ұݸ Model త໊᜝(ᄸ/ෳᏐ)}() { return $this-‐>{᮫࿆ྨܕ}(‘{Model ໊᜝}’); }

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᮫࿆ྨܕ • belongsTo(‘Model’); - ᓤሱԙ㠥Ұݸ Model • hasMany(‘Model’); - ༴༗ଟݸ Model ˒ ᮫࿆ྨܕৄࡉ㘸໌ɿhttp://laravel.tw/docs/4.2/eloquent#relationships

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ࢿྉ᮫࿆ઃఆ Post ᮫࿆ઃఆ

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ࢿྉ᮫࿆ઃఆ Category ᮫࿆ઃఆ

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ࢿྉ᮫࿆ઃఆ Comment ᮫࿆ઃఆ

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Model 㚎औ༻᮫࿆ • ೺ࢿྉؒత᮫࿆༻෺݅తํࣜڈࢥߟɼଈ Մಁա Model తሱੑ值ڈऔಘ᮫࿆ޙతࢿ ྉ㚎༰ • ൣྫɿ $post = Post::find(1); echo $post-‐>category-‐>name; foreach($post-‐>comments as $comment) { echo $comment-‐>content; }

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ଘ䈕ᴍ • ࢼஶ೺ݱࡏቮៃՄҎӡ࡞తఔࣜᛰՃೖ൛ ຊ߇੍㚎 • ྲྀఔఏ੧ɿ - working directory > staging area > commit

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֊ஈᒾ查ද • ࡏ routes.php 㚎ଌࢼ Eloquent ORM ༻๏ త get request نଇᏐݸ • ࡾݸ Model 㚎౎༗ሣጯత᮫࿆ᬓाઃఆ

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໰ᢛ౴ ላһՄ։࢝࿅शɺመ࡞

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ᄸݩখ݁ • ࡏṜݸᄸݩཫɼզ၇㘸໌ላश೗Կ࢖༻ Eloquent ORM ਐߦࢿྉૢ࡞ɼฒኺ tinker ٴ route 㚎ྃղૢ࡞݁Ռ • ԼҰݸᄸݩɼզ၇ሡላश Laravel తྲྀఔ ႔ཧٴ Route ઃఆ