Micro Frontends in the Wild

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@duﬄeit Micro Frontends in the Wild . NDC London 2020 David Leitner - @duﬄeit

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@duffleit @duffleit @duffleit david@squer.at David Leitner Lead Engineer

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@duﬄeit “microservices are small and focused on one thing to be autonomous.”

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@duﬄeit

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@duﬄeit Why autonomous? ✔ Independent Deployments ✔ Distinct Operations ✔ Technology Agnostic ✔ Model around Business Domains ✔ Small Interface Surface ✔ Parallel development

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@duﬄeit Microservice Microservice Microservice DB DB DB Microservice Microservice Microservice DB DB DB

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@duﬄeit Disclaimer: That's ﬁne in 80 % of the cases. SPA API Gateway Microservice Microservice Microservice DB DB DB

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@duﬄeit Microservice API Gateway SPA Microservice Microservice DB DB DB ❌ Independent Deployments ❌ Distinct Operations ❌ Technology Agnostic ❌ Small Interface Surface ❌ Parallel development Frontend Monolith

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@duﬄeit Microservice API Gateway SPA Microservice Microservice DB DB DB SPA API Gateway Micro Frontends

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@duﬄeit μService Ordering μService DB μService μService DB DB Catalogue Profile μService DB DB Hyperlink Hyperlink

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@duﬄeit

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@duﬄeit ✔ Independent Deployments ✔ Distinct Operations ✔ Technology Agnostic ✔ Small Interface Surface ✔ Model around Business Domains ✔ Parallel development Based on the assumption to have fully verticalized systems. μService Ordering μService DB μService μService DB DB Catalogue Profile μService DB DB Hyperlink Hyperlink Approach 1: Hyperlink Connected Applications

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@duﬄeit Approach 1: Hyperlink Connected Applications μService Ordering μService DB μService μService DB DB Catalogue Profile μService DB DB Hyperlink Hyperlink Dashboard Hyperlink μService DB ⛔ Overfetching ⛔ Overrequesting

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@duﬄeit Approach 1: Hyperlink Connected Applications with Backend for Frontends μService Ordering μService DB μService μService DB DB Catalogue Profile μService DB DB Hyperlink Hyperlink Dashboard Hyperlink μService DB BFF Service BFF Service BFF Service BFF Service https://samnewman.io/patterns/architectural/bff/ Presentation Process Flow Domain Logic Data Presentation Process Flow Domain Logic Data

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@duﬄeit Approach 1: Hyperlink Connected Applications with GraphQL μService Ordering μService DB μService μService DB DB Catalogue Profile μService DB DB Hyperlink Hyperlink Dashboard Hyperlink μService DB GraphQL Presentation Process Flow Domain Logic Data

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@duﬄeit But,

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@duﬄeit Hyperlink Integration breaks your SPA.

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@duﬄeit We introduce another horizontal layer.

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@duﬄeit μService Ordering μService DB μService μService DB DB Catalogue Profile μService DB DB Hyperlink Hyperlink Dashboard Hyperlink μService DB View Aggregation Layer Horizontal Layer Ripple Effect

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@duﬄeit Only works on a very coarse grained level. Ordering Catalogue Hyperlink Hyperlink Dashboard

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@duﬄeit Dashboard Profile Profile μService DB Catalogue μService DB Catalogue Ordering Ordering μService DB Dashboard μService DB

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@duﬄeit Dashboard Profile Catalogue Ordering Ordering Catalogue Hyperlink Hyperlink Dashboard Two Deﬁnitions of Micro Frontends One “Micro Frontend” per page. 2...n Micro Frontends per page.

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@duﬄeit

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@duﬄeit Dashboard Profile Catalogue Ordering Ordering Catalogue Hyperlink Hyperlink Dashboard Two Deﬁnitions of Micro Frontends One “Micro Frontend” per page. 2...n Micro Frontends per page.

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@duﬄeit How to integrate them? @duﬄeit

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@duﬄeit Repository Build & Deploy Server Browser Composed Application Micro Frontend Build Time Integration Server Side Integration Runtime Integration

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@duﬄeit Repository Build & Deploy Server Browser Mono Repo package.json Composed Application Micro Frontend Build Time Integration MonoRepo ✔ Allows extensive code sharing and reuse. ✔ No Version Conﬂicts and burden with distributing libraries Angular Workspaces

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@duﬄeit Repository Build & Deploy Server Browser Composed Application Micro Frontend Build Time Integration ❌ Independent Deployments ❌ Distinct Operations ❌ Technology Agnostic ✔ Small Interface Surface ✔ Model around Business Domains ✔ Parallel development

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@duﬄeit Build Time Integration allows Static Site Generation

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@duﬄeit Product Product Product new Product Product Page Product Page Product Page Product Page Static Files Scully Rebuild

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@duﬄeit Repository Build & Deploy Server Browser Composed Application Micro Frontend Server Side Integration e.g. Project Mosaic

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@duﬄeit Based on the concept of Server Side Includes or Edge Side Includes

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@duﬄeit Tailor is a Layout Server header fragment μService account fragment μService catalogue fragment μService maps your request to a template checkout-template.html ... dashboard.template.html proﬁle-template.html

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@duﬄeit Repository Build & Deploy Server Browser Composed Application Micro Frontend Server Side Integration ✔ Independent Deployments ✔ Distinct Operations ✔ Technology Agnostic ✔ Small Interface Surface ✔ Model around Business Domains ✔ Parallel development

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@duﬄeit @duﬄeit Round Trips

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@duﬄeit Repository Build & Deploy Server Browser Composed Application Micro Frontend Runtime Integration Aggregating UI Routing, Templates, Lazy Loading Meta-SPA-Router

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@duﬄeit A Meta Framework to handle Frameworks.

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@duﬄeit Meta Framework Isolation & Composition Routing Messaging & Shared State Web Platform Isolation & Composition Routing Frontend 1 Frontend N ... Frontend N Frontend 1 ...

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@duﬄeit @duﬄeit

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@duﬄeit @duﬄeit

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@duﬄeit index.html Meta Framework Isolation & Composition Routing Messaging & Shared State Web Platform Isolation & Composition Routing Messaging & Shared State Frontend N Frontend 1 ... Frontend N Frontend 1 ... Frontend N + 1

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@duﬄeit our environment is the index.html immutablewebapps.org index.html https://12factor.net/

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@duﬄeit Repository Build & Deploy Server Browser Composed Application Micro Frontend ✔ Independent Deployments ✔ Distinct Operations ✔ Technology Agnostic ✔ Small Interface Surface ✔ Model around Business Domains ✔ Parallel development Runtime Integration

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@duﬄeit Server Browser Runtime Integration Longliving App State in the frontend & verticals need to interact with each other. Server Side Integration Request Response Model Interactions between different Verticals are done on the Backend.

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@duﬄeit 1 Micro-Frontend per Page Hyperlink Integration n Micro-Frontends per Page Buildtime Integration Serverside Integration Runtime Integration

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@duﬄeit Complexities: ● UI/UX Consistency ● Shared State ● Resilience ● Tracing/Analytics ● Ofﬂine-First ● ... ✔ Independent Deployments ✔ Distinct Operations ✔ Technology Agnostic ✔ Model around Business Domains ✔ Small Interface Surface ✔ Parallel development

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@duﬄeit 1 Micro-Frontend per Page Hyperlink Integration n Micro-Frontends per Page Buildtime Integration Serverside Integration Runtime Integration

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@duﬄeit

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@duﬄeit Mix and Match Landing Shop Ordering hyperlink hyperlink APP SHELL Header Footer

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@duﬄeit Micro-Frontends are Distributed Systems. The Final Secret:

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@duﬄeit Everything that can go wrong will go wrong. The Final Secret: Murphy’s law