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@brucel
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@brucel
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@brucel
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@brucel
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@brucel
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@brucel
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@brucel
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@brucel
§
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@brucel
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@brucel
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@brucel
Treasure!
• More performant
• More accessible
• More robust
• Less code to write
• Less code to test
• More time in the pub
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@brucel
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@brucel
The treasure map:
• Use HTML properly
• Write more HTML
• Use CSS properly
• Built-in beats Bolt-on. Bigly.
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@brucel
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@brucel
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@brucel
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@brucel
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@brucel
Since its
fi
rst publication in 1970 The
Technique of Furniture Making has
established itself as the bible for all
woodworkers.
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@brucel
Introduction
Any textbook concerned with the techniques of furniture-
making must deal primarily with the basic handcrafts for
it is upon this groundwork that machine production is built,
and in fact all the machine can ever do is to translate
the essential hand operations into rotary movements of
the cutting tool.
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@brucel
anyone who has only been shown how to force a piece of
wood against a mechanised saw will have learnt very little,
but if he has had to saw that piece of wood by hand he
will be more likely to know that much more about it, he
will have greater respect for it and will understand in
greater depth the problems that will have to be faced in
its manipulation.
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@brucel
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@brucel
職⼈気質
The Japanese word shokunin is de
fi
ned by both
Japanese and Japanese-English dictionaries as
‘craftsman’ or ‘artisan,’ but such a literal
description does not fully express the deeper
meaning.
Tashio Odate - “Japanese Woodworking Tools: Their Tradition, Spirit and Use”
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職⼈気質
Shokunin means not only having technical skill, but
also implies an attitude and social
consciousness... a social obligation to work his
best for the general welfare of the people, [an]
obligation both material and spiritual.
Tashio Odate - “Japanese Woodworking Tools: Their Tradition, Spirit and Use”
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@brucel
• Picture of TBL “web developer”
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Seren
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@brucel
http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html
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@brucel
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@brucel
We broke it
•
fi
xed width
• bad contrast, fonts, colours
• pixel-perfect layout
• lack of captions for videos
• lack of keyboard accessibility
• removing focus indicator
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@brucel
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@brucel
The Raw Materials
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b
• web comping
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@brucel
Top four
1. Have a fundamental understanding of JavaScript
“Of course you can’t do full-stack JavaScript development (or
full-stack any web development for that matter), without
learning JavaScript itself.”
2. Front-End framework
3. Bootstrap 4
4. HTML/CSS
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@brucel
As for HTML, there’s not much to learn right away
and you can kind of learn as you go, but before
making your
fi
rst templates, know the di
ff
erence
between in-line elements like and how they
di
ff
er from block ones like
. This will save you a
huge amount of headache when
fi
ddling with your
CSS code.
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@brucel
HTML is declarative
Click Me!
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HTML is fault-tolerant
OMG you’re having a seizure
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Silly HTML3
Ground dweller: Nicodamus
bicolor builds silk snares
A small hairy spider light fleshy red in color with a brown abdomen. J. A. L. Cooke/OSF
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@brucel
Clever HTML5
Ground dweller: Nicodamus bicolor
builds silk snares
Ground dweller: Nicodamus bicolor
builds silk snares
A small hairy spider light fleshy red in color with a brown abdomen. J. A. L. Cooke/OSF
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Paving a cowpath
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HTML is interoperable.
I’m badly nested
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@brucel
Ninja by Efe Palavan
from the Noun Project
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@brucel
CSS is fault tolerant
button {color: black;
background: white;
background-image: linear-gradient (...);
background-image: paint ( ... );
}
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@brucel
JavaScript is NOT declarative
Imperative programming focuses on describing how a
program operates.
The term is often used in contrast to declarative
programming, which focuses on what the program should
accomplish without specifying how the program should
achieve the result.
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Principle of Least Power
The choice of language is a common design choice.
The low power end of the scale is typically simpler to
design, implement and use, but the high power end of
the scale has all the attraction of being an open-ended
hook into which anything can be placed: a door to
uses bounded only by the imagination of the
programmer.
Sir Uncle Timbo https://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Principles.html#PLP
“
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@brucel
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https://kryogenix.org/code/browser/everyonehasjs.html
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Oooh demo
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Wooooh code
blah blah blah
blah blah blah
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https://wicg.github.io/aom/explainer.html
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Click me (if you can!)
• Remember to set ARIA role (in HTML or JS)
• Remember to manage focusability
• Remember to listen for the correct keypresses
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“Perhaps we could research why we need 92 variants of
button related elements that aren't a native button, for
example, and try to
fi
ll the native gap.”
https://almanac.httparchive.org/en/2019/markup
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div
“The div element has no special meaning at all.
Authors are strongly encouraged to view the div element as
an element of last resort, for when no other element is
suitable. Use of more appropriate elements instead of
the div element leads to better accessibility for readers and
easier maintainability for authors.”
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@brucel
Screen reader users
webaim.org/projects/screenreadersurvey5/ - used by kind permission
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@brucel
• Leonie vid clip
https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2019/02/accessibility-webinar/
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@brucel
11 tags are used on > 90% of pages
<meta
>
<a
>
<div
>
<link
>
<script
>
<img
>
<span
>
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15 other elements occur on > 50% of pages:
-
<input > <br > <form > <h2 > <h1 > <iframe > <h3 > <button > <footer > <header > <nav >
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“Structured data”
When you add markup to your content, you help search
engines understand the di
ff
erent components of a page.
When Google's systems understand your page more clearly,
Google Search can surface content through the cool features
discussed in this post, which can enhance the user
experience and get you more tra
ff i
c.
https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2019/04/enriching-search-results-structured-data.html
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ooooh $$$$
• Eventbrite leveraged event structured data and saw 100%
increase in the typical YOY growth of tra
ff i
c from
search.
• Jobrapido integrated with the job experience on Google
Search and saw 115% increase in organic tra
ff i
c, 270%
increase of new user registrations from organic tra
ff
i
c,
and 15% lower bounce rate for Google visitors to job
pages.
• Rakuten used the recipe search experience and saw a 2.7X
increase in tra
ff
i
c from search engines and a 1.5X
increase in session duration.
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The HTML Treasure Hunt
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Accessibility is part of Usability
“high conformance with web
accessibility guidelines may
provide bene
fi
ts to users
without disabilities.”
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Schmutz, Sonderegger and Sauer
• Sixty-one participants without disabilities used one of three
websites di
ff
ering in levels of accessibility
• A high level of web accessibility led to better performance (i.e.,
task completion time and task completion rate) than low or very
low accessibility.
• Likewise, high web accessibility improved user ratings (i.e.,
perceived usability, aesthetics, workload and trustworthiness)
compared to low or very low web accessibility.
Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
www.unifr.ch/psycho/assets/files/KogErg/SchmutzSondereggerSauer2016.pdf
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@brucel
https://twitter.com/goodwitch/status/1106231135443410944
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@brucel
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@brucel
• Picture of TBL “web developer”
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@brucel
Sir Uncle Timbo:
The web is for everyone and collectively we
hold the power to change it. It won’t be easy.
But if we dream a little and work a lot, we
can get the web we want.
https://webfoundation.org/2019/03/web-birthday-30/
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@brucel
What can you do?
Learn the semantics of HTML. There are 120(ish) elements, that’s all!
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@brucel
Most 2-year-olds can say about 100 words.
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By the time your toddler is 2 1/2, she'll probably know close to 300
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@brucel
What can you do?
• Learn the semantics of HTML. There are 120(ish) elements, that’s all!
• Run automated tests and go for low-hanging fruit, e.g. colour contrast
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98% of top million pages have errors
https://webaim.org/projects/million/
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https://ada.is/contrast-widget/
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@brucel
What can you do?
• Learn the semantics of HTML. There are 120(ish) elements, that’s all!
• Run automated tests and go for low-hanging fruit, e.g. colour contrast
• Use HTML (and CSS) wherever possible.
• Make sites that work without JavaScript, then enhance with JS.
• Choose your libraries carefully.
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@brucel
tenon-ui.info
Bruce Approved!
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@brucel
react-bootstrap
https://react-bootstrap.github.io/components/navs/
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What no ?
Bruce rejected.
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http://marcosmoura.com/angular-material-sidemenu/
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@brucel
What no ?
Bruce rejected.
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http://www.commitstrip.com/en/2019/04/19/its-better-with-javascript/
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“Developer Experience” Bait-and-Switch
We cannot continue to use as much JavaScript as is
now “normal” and expect the web to
fl
ourish.
To get this
fi
xed, we need to confront the “developer
experience” bait-and-switch. Tools that cost the
poorest users to pay wealthy developers are bunk.
Alex Russell https://infrequently.org/2018/09/the-developer-experience-bait-and-switch/
“
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Rise of The Smartphones
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the highest average cost is 30,000% more
than the cheapest average price
https://www.visualcapitalist.com/cost-of-mobile-data-worldwide/
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Android majority
median UK speed is 28.51 Mbps, USA is 54.99 Mbps, and Hong Kong is 112.32 Mbps
Android %age 1 GB data as %age GNI/
capita
Download speed
(Mbps)
Rwanda 80% 3.39% 0.81
Cambodia 60% 1.74% 1.29
India 96% 0.45% 4.09
Indonesia 92% 1.21% 1.88
Laos 83% 2.25% 1.99
Philippines 87% 1.36% 2.05
Thailand 74% 1.14% 14.90
Vietnam 68% 1.07% 16.39
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Responsive images
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On a website I recently built, I could reduce the total
image size from 1.72MB to 172KB just by converting
images to avif.
https://www.htmhell.dev/tips/the-avif-image-format/
“
90% reduction in image weight
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How To Make Internet Affordable
Even with more phones than ever before, the cost of
Internet is a major obstacle. In Nigeria, the data
needed to watch just 2 minutes of online video a
day can cost more than sending a child to school
for a month.
https://webwewant.org/news/how-to-make-internet-a
ff
ordable/
“
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The Baseline Costs of JavaScript Frameworks
Your React application will never load faster than
about 1.1 seconds on an average phone in India, no
matter how much you optimize it. Your Angular app
will always take at least 2.7 seconds to boot up.
Ankur Sethi, Nov 2018
https://blog.uncommon.is/the-baseline-costs-of-javascript-frameworks-f768e2865d4a
“
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ICT access by population
Total
global population
~7.4 billion
High-speed
internet
1.1 billion
Total
internet users
3.2 billion
Mobile phones
5.2 billion
Within
mobile coverage
7 billion
World Bank: Digital Dividends 2016
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Developing countries are home to 94% of the
global offline population.
“
- State of Connectivity 2014,
internet.org
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Making the internet universally accessible
and affordable should be a global priority
.
“
World Bank
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Courtesy of Hesperian
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If you want to liberate a country, give them
the internet.
“
- Wael Ghonim, Egyptian internet activist
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an increase in Internet maturity similar to the
one experienced in mature countries over the
past 5 years creates an increase in real GDP
per capita of $500 on average during this
period.
“
Internet matters
- The Net’s sweeping impact on growth, jobs, and prosperity (McKinsey Global Institute)
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It took the Industrial Revolution of the 19th
century 50 years to produce the same result.
“
Internet matters
- The Net’s sweeping impact on growth, jobs, and prosperity (McKinsey Global Institute)
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@brucel
• [image of a crowd of people - terrible stock
photo?]
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@brucel
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@brucel
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@brucel
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THANKS ’N’ ELBOW BUMPS!
brucelawson.co.uk
@brucel
* Other Bruce Lawsons are available.
** known to cause nausea in some jurisdictions.