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TESTING MADE SWEET WITH A MOCKITO @MOLSJEROEN

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@MOLSJEROEN @MOLSJEROEN

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IF YOU DON’T LIKE UNIT TESTING YOUR PRODUCT, MOST LIKELY YOUR CUSTOMERS WON’T LIKE TO TEST IT EITHER. Unknown

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ALWAYS WRITE A TEST TO REPRODUCE A BUG BEFORE YOU FIX IT Robert C. Martin*

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@MOLSJEROEN GOAL UI USER WEBSERVICE Button press Login/logout command Success/failure Update UI LOGININTERFACE RESPONSE

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@MOLSJEROEN GOAL UI USER WEBSERVICE Button press Login/logout command Success/failure Update UI LOGININTERFACE RESPONSE

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WAY OF WORKING

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@MOLSJEROEN TEST REQUIREMENTS ▸ All tests must ▸ Run really fast ▸ Be small and focussed ▸ Reliable, not “flaky” ▸ Challenges: UI & WebService UI USER WEBSERVICE

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@MOLSJEROEN SOLUTION ▸ Isolate User ▸ Don’t include UI ▸ Replace WebService with dummy ▸ Mimic WebService behaviour ▸ => Verify interactions UI USER WEBSERVICE*

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@MOLSJEROEN DEFINITION: TEST DOUBLES ▸ Replace real class ▸ Same interface ▸ Different behaviour WEBSERVICE* WEBSERVICE public void login() { 
 // NORMAL IMPL. 
 } public void login() { 
 // DO NOTHING 
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN DEFINITION: TEST DOUBLES ▸ Replace real class ▸ Same interface ▸ Different behaviour WEBSERVICE* WEBSERVICE public void login() { 
 // NORMAL IMPL. 
 } public void login() { 
 // DO NOTHING 
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN DEFINITION: TEST DOUBLES ▸ Replace real class ▸ Same interface ▸ Different behaviour WEBSERVICE* WEBSERVICE public void login() { 
 // NORMAL IMPL. 
 } public void login() { 
 loginInterface.success(); 
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN DEFINITION: TEST DOUBLES ▸ Replace real class ▸ Same interface ▸ Different behaviour WEBSERVICE* WEBSERVICE public void login() { 
 // NORMAL IMPL. 
 } public void login() { 
 throw new Exception(); 
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN DEFINITION: MOCKS AND STUBS ▸ What is a mock? ▸ Generated class ▸ Doesn’t do anything ▸ Behaviour verification ▸ What is a stub? ▸ Handwritten class ▸ Returns predefined responses ▸ State verification

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MOCKITO

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@MOLSJEROEN Open source mocking framework that lets you write beautiful tests with a clean & simple API ▸ Documentation on mockito.org ▸ Source code on Github ▸ MIT license WHAT IS IT?

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@MOLSJEROEN WHY DRINK IT? ▸ Easy to use ▸ Very readable syntax ▸ No learning curve ▸ Annotation support ▸ Mature ▸ Large stackoverflow community ▸ Most popular Java / Android mocking framework

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@MOLSJEROEN HOW TO DRINK IT? ▸ PROJECT_HOME/build.gradle buildscript {
 repositories {
 jcenter()
 }
 }
 
 ▸ MODULE_HOME/build.gradle dependencies {
 ... 
 testCompile "org.mockito:mockito-core:2.0.101-beta"
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN HOW TO DRINK IT? ▸ PROJECT_HOME/build.gradle buildscript {
 repositories {
 jcenter()
 }
 }
 
 ▸ MODULE_HOME/build.gradle dependencies {
 ... 
 testCompile "org.mockito:mockito-core:2.0.101-beta"
 }

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INGREDIENTS

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@MOLSJEROEN INGREDIENTS ▸ Creating a mock ▸ Verifying interactions ▸ Stubbing methods ▸ Capturing arguments ▸ Mockito limitations

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@MOLSJEROEN INGREDIENTS ▸ Creating a mock ▸ Verifying interactions ▸ Stubbing methods ▸ Capturing arguments ▸ Mockito limitations

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@MOLSJEROEN CREATING A MOCK import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock; @Test
 public void createMock() throws Exception {
 WebService mockWebService = mock(WebService.class);
 
 new User(mockWebService, 0, null);
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN CREATING A MOCK import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock; @Test
 public void createMock() throws Exception {
 WebService mockWebService = mock(WebService.class);
 
 new User(mockWebService, 0, null);
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN CREATING A MOCK import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock; @Test
 public void createMock() throws Exception {
 WebService mockWebService = mock(WebService.class);
 
 new User(mockWebService, 0, null);
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN CREATING A MOCK - ANNOTATION @Rule
 public MockitoRule mockitoRule = MockitoJUnit.rule();
 
 @Mock
 private WebService mockWebService; @Test
 public void createMockUsingAnnotation() throws Exception {
 new User(mockWebService, 0, null);
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN CREATING A MOCK - ANNOTATION @Rule
 public MockitoRule mockitoRule = MockitoJUnit.rule();
 
 @Mock
 private WebService mockWebService; @Test
 public void createMockUsingAnnotation() throws Exception {
 new User(mockWebService, 0, null);
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN CREATING A MOCK - ANNOTATION @Rule
 public MockitoRule mockitoRule = MockitoJUnit.rule();
 
 @Mock
 private WebService mockWebService; @Test
 public void createMockUsingAnnotation() throws Exception {
 new User(mockWebService, 0, null);
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN INGREDIENTS ▸ Creating a mock ▸ Verifying interactions ▸ Stubbing methods ▸ Capturing arguments ▸ Mockito limitations

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@MOLSJEROEN VERIFYING INTERACTIONS @Test
 public void verifyInteractionTimes() throws Exception {
 User user = new User(mockWebService, USER_ID, PASSWORD);
 
 user.logout();
 
 verify(mockWebService).logout();
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN VERIFYING INTERACTIONS @Test
 public void verifyInteractionTimes() throws Exception {
 User user = new User(mockWebService, USER_ID, PASSWORD);
 
 user.logout();
 
 verify(mockWebService).logout();
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN VERIFYING INTERACTIONS - TIMES @Test
 public void verifyInteractionTimes() throws Exception {
 User user = new User(mockWebService, USER_ID, PASSWORD);
 
 user.logout();
 
 verify(mockWebService, times(1) ).logout();
 atLeast(1)
 atLeastOnce()
 atMost(1)
 only()
 never()
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN VERIFYING INTERACTIONS - TIMES @Test
 public void verifyInteractionTimes() throws Exception {
 User user = new User(mockWebService, USER_ID, PASSWORD);
 
 user.logout();
 
 verify(mockWebService, times(1) ).logout();
 atLeast(1)
 atLeastOnce()
 atMost(1)
 only()
 never()
 } ▸ Being overly restrictive makes tests brittle!

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@MOLSJEROEN VERIFYING INTERACTIONS - PARAMETERS @Test
 public void verifyInteractionParameters() throws Exception {
 User user = new User(mockWebService, USER_ID, PASSWORD);
 
 user.login(null);
 
 verify(mockWebService).login(USER_ID);
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN VERIFYING INTERACTIONS - PARAMETERS @Test
 public void verifyInteractionParameters() throws Exception {
 User user = new User(mockWebService, USER_ID, PASSWORD);
 
 user.login(null);
 
 verify(mockWebService).login(anyInt() ); anyString() any(Response.class)
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN VERIFYING INTERACTIONS - PARAMETERS @Test
 public void verifyInteractionParameters() throws Exception {
 User user = new User(mockWebService, USER_ID, PASSWORD);
 
 user.login(null);
 
 verify(mockWebService).login(anyInt(), eq(PASSWORD));
 } ▸ One matcher -> all arguments need to be matchers

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@MOLSJEROEN VERIFYING INTERACTIONS - PARAMETERS @Test
 public void verifyInteractionParameters() throws Exception {
 User user = new User(mockWebService, USER_ID, PASSWORD);
 
 user.login(null);
 
 verify(mockWebService).login(gt(0) );
 lt(10000) leq(10000)
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN VERIFYING INTERACTIONS - PARAMETERS @Test
 public void verifyInteractionParameters() throws Exception {
 User user = new User(mockWebService, USER_ID, PASSWORD);
 
 user.login(null);
 
 verify(mockWebService).login(startsWith(“n1") );
 contains(“c3") matches("n[1-9]{1}c[1-9]{1}[a-z]{3}") }

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@MOLSJEROEN VERIFYING INTERACTIONS - PARAMETERS @Test
 public void verifyInteractionParameters() throws Exception {
 User user = new User(mockWebService, USER_ID, PASSWORD);
 
 user.login(null);
 
 verify(mockWebService).login(isNotNull(Response.class)) ); not(eq(0)) not(eq(“12345678")) and(gt(0), lt(Integer.MAX_VALUE))
 } ▸ Mockito.Matchers ▸ Mockito.AdditionalMatchers

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@MOLSJEROEN VERIFYING INTERACTIONS - ORDER @Test
 public void verifyInteractionOrder() throws Exception {
 User user = new User(mockWebService, USER_ID, PASSWORD);
 
 user.login(null);
 user.logout();
 
 InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mockWebService);
 inOrder.verify(mockWebService).login();
 inOrder.verify(mockWebService).logout();
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN VERIFYING INTERACTIONS - ORDER @Test
 public void verifyInteractionOrder() throws Exception {
 User user = new User(mockWebService, USER_ID, PASSWORD);
 
 user.login(null);
 user.logout();
 
 InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mockWebService);
 inOrder.verify(mockWebService).login();
 inOrder.verify(mockWebService).logout();
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN VERIFYING INTERACTIONS - ORDER @Test
 public void verifyInteractionOrder() throws Exception {
 User user = new User(mockWebService, USER_ID, PASSWORD);
 
 user.login(null);
 user.logout();
 
 InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mockWebService);
 inOrder.verify(mockWebService).login();
 inOrder.verify(mockWebService).logout();
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN INGREDIENTS ▸ Creating a mock ▸ Verifying interactions ▸ Stubbing methods ▸ Capturing arguments ▸ Mockito limitations

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@MOLSJEROEN STUBBING METHODS @Test
 public void stubMethod() throws Exception {
 User user = new User(mockWebService, USER_ID, PASSWORD);
 when(mockWebService.isOffline()).thenReturn(true);
 
 user.login(mockLoginInterface);
 
 verify(mockWebService, never()).login();
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN STUBBING METHODS @Test
 public void stubMethod() throws Exception {
 User user = new User(mockWebService, USER_ID, PASSWORD);
 when(mockWebService.isOffline()).thenReturn(true);
 
 user.login(mockLoginInterface);
 
 verify(mockWebService, never()).login();
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN STUBBING METHODS @Test
 public void stubMethod() throws Exception {
 User user = new User(mockWebService, USER_ID, PASSWORD);
 when(mockWebService.isOffline()).thenReturn(true);
 
 user.login(mockLoginInterface);
 
 verify(mockWebService, never()).login();
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN STUBBING METHODS @Test
 public void stubMethod() throws Exception {
 User user = new User(mockWebService, USER_ID, PASSWORD);
 when(mockWebService.isOffline()).thenReturn(true, false, true);
 
 user.login(mockLoginInterface);
 
 verify(mockWebService, never()).login();
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN STUBBING METHODS @Test
 public void stubMethod() throws Exception {
 User user = new User(mockWebService, USER_ID, PASSWORD);
 when(mockWebService.isOffline()).thenThrow(CustomException.class);
 
 user.login(mockLoginInterface);
 
 verify(mockWebService, never()).login();
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN STUBBING METHODS ▸ Normal syntax when(mockWebService.isOffline()).thenReturn(true); 
 ▸ Alternative syntax doReturn(true).when(mockWebService).isOffline(); 
 ▸ BDD syntax given(mockWebService.isOffline()).willReturn(true);

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@MOLSJEROEN STUBBING METHODS ▸ Normal syntax when(mockWebService.isOffline()).thenReturn(true); 
 ▸ Alternative syntax doReturn(true).when(mockWebService).isOffline(); 
 ▸ BDD syntax given(mockWebService.isOffline()).willReturn(true);

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@MOLSJEROEN STUBBING METHODS ▸ Normal syntax when(mockWebService.isOffline()).thenReturn(true); 
 ▸ Alternative syntax doReturn(true).when(mockWebService).isOffline(); 
 ▸ BDD syntax given(mockWebService.isOffline()).willReturn(true);

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@MOLSJEROEN INGREDIENTS ▸ Creating a mock ▸ Verifying interactions ▸ Stubbing methods ▸ Capturing arguments ▸ Mockito limitations

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@MOLSJEROEN CAPTURING ARGUMENTS @Test
 public void captureArguments() throws Exception {
 User user = new User(mockWebService, USER_ID, PASSWORD);
 user.login(mockLoginInterface);
 verify(mockWebService).login(responseArgumentCaptor.capture());
 Response response = responseArgumentCaptor.getValue();
 
 response.onRequestCompleted(true);
 
 verify(mockLoginInterface).onLoginSuccess();
 } UI USER WEBSERVICE LOGININTERFACE RESPONSE

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@MOLSJEROEN CAPTURING ARGUMENTS @Captor
 private ArgumentCaptor responseArgumentCaptor; UI USER WEBSERVICE LOGININTERFACE RESPONSE

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@MOLSJEROEN CAPTURING ARGUMENTS @Test
 public void captureArguments() throws Exception {
 User user = new User(mockWebService, USER_ID, PASSWORD);
 user.login(mockLoginInterface);
 verify(mockWebService).login(responseArgumentCaptor.capture());
 Response response = responseArgumentCaptor.getValue();
 
 response.onRequestCompleted(true);
 
 verify(mockLoginInterface).onLoginSuccess();
 } UI USER WEBSERVICE LOGININTERFACE RESPONSE

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@MOLSJEROEN CAPTURING ARGUMENTS @Test
 public void captureArguments() throws Exception {
 User user = new User(mockWebService, USER_ID, PASSWORD);
 user.login(mockLoginInterface);
 verify(mockWebService).login(responseArgumentCaptor.capture());
 Response response = responseArgumentCaptor.getValue();
 
 response.onRequestCompleted(true);
 
 verify(mockLoginInterface).onLoginSuccess();
 } UI USER WEBSERVICE LOGININTERFACE RESPONSE

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@MOLSJEROEN CAPTURING ARGUMENTS @Test
 public void captureArguments() throws Exception {
 User user = new User(mockWebService, USER_ID, PASSWORD);
 user.login(mockLoginInterface);
 verify(mockWebService).login(responseArgumentCaptor.capture());
 Response response = responseArgumentCaptor.getValue();
 
 response.onRequestCompleted(true);
 
 verify(mockLoginInterface).onLoginSuccess();
 } UI USER WEBSERVICE LOGININTERFACE RESPONSE

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@MOLSJEROEN CAPTURING ARGUMENTS @Test
 public void captureArguments() throws Exception {
 User user = new User(mockWebService, USER_ID, PASSWORD);
 user.login(mockLoginInterface);
 verify(mockWebService).login(responseArgumentCaptor.capture());
 Response response = responseArgumentCaptor.getValue();
 
 response.onRequestCompleted(true);
 
 verify(mockLoginInterface).onLoginSuccess();
 } UI USER WEBSERVICE LOGININTERFACE RESPONSE

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@MOLSJEROEN INGREDIENTS ▸ Creating a mock ▸ Verifying interactions ▸ Stubbing methods ▸ Capturing arguments ▸ Mockito limitations

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@MOLSJEROEN MOCKITO LIMITATIONS ▸ Unable to mock ▸ final classes ▸ final methods ▸ static methods ▸ private methods ▸ hashCode() and equals()

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ADVANCED MOCKITO

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@MOLSJEROEN ▸ Model View Presenter ▸ Mock view & model ▸ Fully test presenter ▸ UI layer == “pass through” ▸ Dependency injection ▸ Only “inward pointing” dependencies 1. TESTING UI MODEL VIEW VIEW IMPLEMENTATION PRESENTER

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@MOLSJEROEN 2. RUNNING MOCKITO ON A DEVICE ▸ MODULE_HOME/build.gradle defaultConfig {
 … 
 testInstrumentationRunner 
 "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
 } dependencies {
 … 
 androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.4'
 androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.4'
 androidTestCompile 'org.mockito:mockito-core:1.10.19'
 androidTestCompile "com.google.dexmaker:dexmaker:1.2"
 androidTestCompile "com.google.dexmaker:dexmaker-mockito:1.2"
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN 2. RUNNING MOCKITO ON A DEVICE ▸ MODULE_HOME/build.gradle defaultConfig {
 … 
 testInstrumentationRunner 
 "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
 } dependencies {
 … 
 androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.4'
 androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.4'
 androidTestCompile 'org.mockito:mockito-core:1.10.19'
 androidTestCompile "com.google.dexmaker:dexmaker:1.2"
 androidTestCompile "com.google.dexmaker:dexmaker-mockito:1.2"
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN 2. RUNNING MOCKITO ON A DEVICE ▸ MODULE_HOME/build.gradle defaultConfig {
 … 
 testInstrumentationRunner 
 "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
 } dependencies {
 … 
 androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.4'
 androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.4'
 androidTestCompile 'org.mockito:mockito-core:1.10.19'
 androidTestCompile "com.google.dexmaker:dexmaker:1.2"
 androidTestCompile "com.google.dexmaker:dexmaker-mockito:1.2"
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN 3. TESTING FINAL METHODS / CLASSES public class Handler {
 
 public Handler() {};
 
 public final boolean post(Runnable r)
 {
 // internal implementation
 }
 
 public final boolean sendMessage(Message msg)
 {
 // internal implementation
 }
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN 3. TESTING FINAL METHODS / CLASSES public class Handler {
 
 public Handler() {};
 
 public final boolean post(Runnable r)
 {
 // internal implementation
 }
 
 public final boolean sendMessage(Message msg)
 {
 // internal implementation
 }
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN 3. TESTING FINAL METHODS / CLASSES public class HandlerWrapper {
 
 private final Handler handler;
 
 public HandlerWrapper() {
 handler = new Handler();
 }
 
 public boolean post(Runnable r) {
 return handler.post(r);
 }
 
 public boolean sendMessage(Message msg) {
 return handler.sendMessage(msg);
 }
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN 3. TESTING FINAL METHODS / CLASSES public class HandlerWrapper {
 
 private final Handler handler;
 
 public HandlerWrapper() {
 handler = new Handler();
 }
 
 public boolean post(Runnable r) {
 return handler.post(r);
 }
 
 public boolean sendMessage(Message msg) {
 return handler.sendMessage(msg);
 }
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN 3. TESTING FINAL METHODS / CLASSES public class HandlerWrapper {
 
 private final Handler handler;
 
 public HandlerWrapper() {
 handler = new Handler();
 }
 
 public boolean post(Runnable r) {
 return handler.post(r);
 }
 
 public boolean sendMessage(Message msg) {
 return handler.sendMessage(msg);
 }
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN 3. TESTING STATIC METHODS public class NativeCamera {
 
 private Camera camera = null;
 
 public Camera getNativeCamera() {
 return camera;
 }
 
 public void openNativeCamera() throws RuntimeException {
 camera = Camera.open(CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_BACK);
 }
 
 public void releaseNativeCamera() {
 camera.release();
 }
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN 3. TESTING STATIC METHODS public class NativeCamera {
 
 private Camera camera = null;
 
 public Camera getNativeCamera() {
 return camera;
 }
 
 public void openNativeCamera() throws RuntimeException {
 camera = Camera.open(CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_BACK);
 }
 
 public void releaseNativeCamera() {
 camera.release();
 }
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN 4. TESTING DATA @Test
 public void mockData() throws Exception {
 UserData mock = mock(UserData.class);
 when(mock.getFirstName()).thenReturn("FirstName");
 when(mock.getLastName()).thenReturn("LastName");
 when(mock.getUserId()).thenReturn(1111007);
 
 when(mock.getStreet()).thenReturn("StreetName");
 when(mock.getHouseNumber()).thenReturn(1);
 when(mock.getCity()).thenReturn("City");
 when(mock.getCountry()).thenReturn("Country");
 
 // Use mock in further test
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN 4. TESTING DATA @Test
 public void testData() throws Exception {
 UserData userData = new TestUserData();
 
 // use mock in further test
 } public class TestUserData extends UserData { @Override
 public String getFirstName() {
 return "FirstName";
 } 
 ... }

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@MOLSJEROEN 4. TESTING DATA @Test
 public void testData() throws Exception {
 UserData userData = new TestUserData();
 
 // use mock in further test
 } public class TestUserData extends UserData { @Override
 public String getFirstName() {
 return "FirstName";
 } 
 ... }

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@MOLSJEROEN 5. NEW CREATION public User(int userId, String password) {
 this.webService = new WebService();
 } ▸ Internal created objects ▸ almost impossible to test ▸ avoid for long lived objects

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@MOLSJEROEN 5. NEW CREATION public User(int userId, String password) {
 this.webService = new WebService();
 } ▸ Internal created objects ▸ almost impossible to test ▸ avoid for long lived objects

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@MOLSJEROEN 5. NEW CREATION public User(int userId, String password) {
 this.webService = new WebService();
 } ▸ Dependency injection public User(WebService webService, int userId, String password) {
 if (webService == null) {
 throw new RuntimeException("Webservice required");
 }
 this.webService = webService;
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN 5. NEW CREATION public User(int userId, String password) {
 this.webService = new WebService();
 } ▸ Factory pattern public User(WebServiceFactory factory, int userId, String password) {
 this.webService = factory.createWebService();
 }

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@MOLSJEROEN 6. POWER TIPS ▸ Avoid singletons ▸ Avoid instrumentation tests ▸ Isolate non testable code ▸ Don’t use Spies ▸ Don’t nest mocks ▸ Avoid using “For testing methods”

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WRAP UP

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IT IS BETTER TO HAVE A SIMPLE TEST THAT WORKS THAN A COMPLICATED TEST THAT SEEMS TO WORK. Mockito documentation

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@MOLSJEROEN CONCLUSION ▸ Mockito makes mocking & stubbing easy ▸ Avoid creating internal objects ▸ Choose a good testing strategy ▸ Don’t overuse the power features ▸ Keep unit tests small and focussed ▸ Consider refactoring ▸ Prefer tests on the java VM

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@MOLSJEROEN REFERENCES ▸ Mockito homepage http://mockito.org/ ▸ Mockito reference card https://dzone.com/refcardz/mockito ▸ Dexmaker https://github.com/crittercism/dexmaker ▸ Sample code ▸ MockitoExample https://github.com/JeroenMols/MockitoExample ▸ LandscapeVideoCamera https://github.com/JeroenMols/LandscapeVideoCamera ▸ Legofy https://github.com/JeroenMols/Legofy

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@MOLSJEROEN IMAGE CREDITS ▸ Mojito
 https://indraneescookingcorner.blogspot.be/2014/08/virgin-mojito.html ▸ Philips Hue living room
 http://www.philips.de ▸ Bartender set
 http://www.vinspireuk.com/2014/12/cocktail-gifts-for-cocktail-lovers.html ▸ Mojito ingredients
 https://www.nelleulla.com/lv-en/products/truffles/4-mojito-truffle ▸ Mockito Mojito
 http://www.seedylawyer.com/history-of-hemingways-mojitos/ ▸ Raspberry Mojito
 http://goodpixcool.com/raspberry+mojito+in+a+bottle?image=99002602 ▸ Drinking Mojito
 https://www.lancerskincare.com/blog/10-ways-to-age-your-skin-prematurely/

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@MOLSJEROEN MANY THANKS ▸ Jeroen Mols (Belgium) ▸ @MolsJeroen ▸ http://jeroenmols.com/blog