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ABOUT TRANSACTION ౦޻େBLOCK CHAIN ݚڀձ 12/4/2018 Blockchainษڧձ #4 @r_etx

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Content What is the Transaction ? EOA & CA Message call Contract Creation Life Cycle of Transaction State Change

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What is transaction τϥϯβΫγϣϯͱ͸ɺσʔλϕʔε؅ཧγ εςϜʢ·ͨ͸ྨࣅͷγεςϜʣ಺Ͱ࣮ߦ͞ ΕΔɺ෼͚Δ͜ͱͷͰ͖ͳ͍Ұ࿈ͷ৘ใॲཧ ͷ୯ҐͰ͋Δɻ ࣗಈൢചػͰ͓ۚΛೖΕͯɺҿΈ෺ΛબΜͰɺ ҿΈ෺͕Ͱ͖͖͓ͯͯ௼ΓΛ΋Β͏Ұ࿈ͷ࡞ۀɻ References : [5] References : [2]

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What is transaction Transaction is always ALL or NOTHING

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What is transaction Ethereumͷ৔߹͸ɺ Etherͷૹۚ εϚʔτίϯτϥΫτͷؔ਺ݺͼग़͠ εϚʔτίϯτϥΫτͷσϓϩΠ User͕ཁ๬Λൃߦ͔ͯ͠ΒɺMinerʹΑͬͯঝೝ͞ΕΔ·Ͱɻ EthereumͰ͸Transaction͕શͯͷ࢝·Γ

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What is transaction more mathematicallyɾɾɾ Transactions is like a map from previous state to next state on the Ethererum World State σ m World State σ m+1 Transactions A transaction is a single cryptographically-signed instruction. References : [2]

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What is transaction From the view point of State, transaction is also like “Chain” of the State Chain. orld State σ m World State σ m+1 Transactions World S σ m Transactions References : [2]

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What is transaction τϥϯβΫγϣϯ͕ຬͨ͢΂͖৚݅ τϥϯβΫγϣϯ͸ɺRLPϑΥʔϚοτʹै͍ͬͯΔɻ (RLP͸recursive length prefixͷུ) τϥϯβΫγϣϯͷॺ໊͕༗ޮͰ͋Δɻ τϥϯβΫγϣϯͷnonce͕༗ޮͰ͋Δɻɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹ ૹ৴ऀͷݱࡏͷnonceͱ౳͍͔͠Ͳ͏͔ݕূ͢Δɻ τϥϯβΫγϣϯʹࣄલʹఆΊΒΕ͍ͯΔGasྔΑΓ΋ɺɹɹɹɹɹɹ gas limit͕େ͖͘ઃఆ͞Ε͍ͯΔɻ ૹ৴ऀͷΞΧ΢ϯτͷ࢒ߴ͕ɺࢧ෷͍ͷඅ༻ΑΓ΋্ճ͍ͬͯΔɻ ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑

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What is transaction τϥϯβΫγϣϯͷݕূ͕ߦΘΕͨΒɺsubstate͕࡞੒͞ΕΔɻ substate͸ɺ self-destruct set τϥϯβΫγϣϯมߋޙʹ͸ه͞ΕΔΞΧ΢ϯτ৘ใ log sires τϥϯβΫγϣϯ͕Ͳ͜·Ͱ࣮ߦ͞Εͨͷ͔Λอ࣋͢Δ refund balance τϥϯαΫγϣϯ׬ྃޙʹϝϞϦʔΛݮΒͨ͠෼ͱͯ͠ฦ͞ΕΔeth ͔ΒͳΔɻ Substate

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EOA & CA EthereumͷAccountʹ͸ɼೋछྨ͋Δ EOA(Externally Owned Account) ֎෦ΞΧ΢ϯτ CA(Contract Account) ίϯτϥΫτ༻ͷΞΧ΢ϯτ τϥϯβΫγϣϯ͸ɺ͜ΕΒͷΞΧ΢ϯτؒͰߦΘΕΔɻ CA͸ɺContrac༻ͷ CodeΛ͍࣋ͬͯΔ

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EOA & CA EOA STORAGE BLANCE NONCE CODE ADDREDD CA STORAGE BLANCE NONCE CODE ADDREDD EOA͸ɺൿີ伴Ͱ؅ཧ͞ΕɺCodeΛ࣋ͨͳ͍ɻ CA͸ɺEVM codeΛ΋ͪɺEVMCodeͰ؅ཧ͞ΕΔɻ References : [2]

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EOA & CA def mk_contract_address(sender, nonce): return sha3(rlp.encode([normalize_address(sender), nonce]))[12:] ͪͳΈʹɺCA(Contract Account)ͷΞυϨε͸ɺ senderͷΞυϨεͱnonce͔Βࢉग़͞ΕΔ https://github.com/ethereum/pyethereum/blob/782842758e219e40739531a5e56fff6e63ca567b/ethereum/ utils.py

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Message Call τϥϯβΫγϣϯʹ͸ɼ2छྨ͋Δ:) User͕ཁ๬Λൃߦ͔ͯ͠ΒɺMinerʹΑͬͯঝೝ͞ΕΔ·Ͱɻ EthereumͰ͸Transaction͕શͯͷ࢝·Γ CA͸EOA͔ΒͷΈੜ੒Ͱ͖Δɻ Message Call Contract creation Create Call NEW

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Message Callʹ͸ɺ4छྨ͋Δɻ Message Call internal tx͸signͳ͠ͰBlockchainʹ΋ॻ͖ࠐ·Εͳ͍ Contract codeΛInterfaceɺBackend͝ͱʹҟͳΔCAʹ هड़͢Δ৔߹ɺݺͼग़࣌͠ʹɺinternal txΛ࢖͏͜ͱʹͳΔɻ internal transaction 㽟 ᶆ ᶅ ᶄ

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Message Call τϥϯαΫγϣϯʹ͸ɼ2छྨ͋Δ:) User͕ཁ๬Λൃߦ͔ͯ͠ΒɺMinerʹΑͬͯঝೝ͞ΕΔ·Ͱɻ EthereumͰ͸Transaction͕શͯͷ࢝·Γ Message Call Contract creation Create Call NEW

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Message Call User͕ཁ๬Λൃߦ͔ͯ͠ΒɺMinerʹΑͬͯঝೝ͞ΕΔ·Ͱɻ EthereumͰ͸Transaction͕શͯͷ࢝·Γ Message Call Contract creation Create Call NEW ·ͣ͸ɺContract Creation͔Β

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input code Contract Creation World State σm World State σ m+1 Transactions Init code Account State A Account State B Account State C ɾ ɾ ɾ Account State A Account State B Account State C ɾ ɾ Account State X NEW ৽͍͠CAͷΞυϨεΛੜ੒͠ॳظઃఆޙɺτϥϯβΫγϣϯͱͯ͠initίʔυ ΛૹΔ͜ͱͰίϯτϥΫτΞΧ΢ϯτ͕ੜ੒͞ΕΔ References : [2]

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Message Call World State σm World State σ m+1 Transactions Init data Account State A Account State B Account State C ɾ ɾ Account State A Account State B Account State C ɾ ɾ Account State X Update Message CallʹΑͬͯContract Accountͷσʔλ͸update͞ΕΔɻ input data Account State X References : [2]

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Contract Creation τϥϯβΫγϣϯΛൃߦͨ͠EOAͷΞυϨεͱnonce͔Β CAͷΞυϨεΛ࡞੒ STORAGE BLANCE NONCE CODE ADDREDD

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Contract Creation ੜ੒͞ΕͨCAͷnonceΛ0ʹॳظԽ CAʹEOA͔Βૹۚ͞ΕͨEtherΛઃఆɻ STORAGE BLANCE NONCE CODE ADDREDD

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Contract Creation CAͷstorageΛnullʹ null string seriesΛcodeHashʹઃఆ STORAGE BLANCE NONCE CODE ADDREDD

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Contract Creation ॳظίʔυΛ࣮ߦͯ͠CAΛ࡞੒ (Error͕ൃੜ͢Ε͹࢒͍ͬͯΔEther͕ฦۚ) ॳظίʔυ࣮ߦ׬ྃޙίϯτϥΫταΠζʹԠͯ͡ Gas͕ࢧ෷ΘΕ͋·Γ͕໭ͬͯ͘Δɻ STORAGE BLANCE NONCE CODE ADDREDD

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Message Call

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Message Call State TreeͷτϥϯβΫγϣϯૹ৴ऀͷnonceΛ 1ΠϯΫϦϝϯτ͢Δɻ τϥϯβΫγϣϯʹඞཁͳGasΛEOA͔Βࠩ͠Ҿ͘ STORAGE BLANCE’ NONCE+1 CODE ADDREDD

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Message Call τϥϯβΫγϣϯ࣮ߦޙʹ࢒͍ͬͯΔGasͱRefund Balanceʹ هड़ͯ͋͠ΔGas͕ฦۚ͞ΕΔ ฦ͕ۚऴΘΔͱτϥϯβΫγϣϯΛऔΓࠐΜͰ͘Εͨ ϚΠφʔϒϩοΫੜ੒ϊʔυʹ࢖༻ͨ͠GasͷETH͕ૹΒΕΔɻ STORAGE BLANCE’ NONCE+1 CODE ADDREDD

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Message Call Set-Destructʹؚ·ΕΔ৘ใΛ৘ใΛ࡟আ τϥϯβΫγϣϯʹ࢖ͬͨGasྔͱlogΛه࿥ STORAGE BLANCE’ NONCE+1 CODE ADDREDD

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Life Cycle of transaction Pending POOL Queued POOL References : [4]

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Information of Transaction blockHash: “0x3584caa04632ce227cf259ab8086d460d497067e666fdf9c5b58756f738ad51c", blockNumber: 37214317, from: “0x0eea8963fd6f19ff4299ac9ccb774266a98ba6b1", gas: 4600000, gasPrice: 100000000000, hash: “0xd59f0a4c159aa2a2058bd7d8dc4b759d1d6474d3f4b85606e3b4a3d00ff73e10", input: "0x", nonce: 42, r; “0xa4c159aa2a2058bd7d8dca4c159aa2a2058bd7d8dca4c159aa2a2058bd7d” s; “0xb759d1d6474d3f4b85606e3b4a3b759d1d6474d3f4b85606e3b4a34279a6” to: “0x0f0a4c159aa2a2058bd7d8dc4b759d1d6474d3f", transactionIndex: 3, v; “0x66” value: 5000000000

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GAS LIMIT GAS PRICE NONCE INIT / DATA R.S.V TO VALU Information of Transaction

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·ͱΊ τϥϯβΫγϣϯʹ͍ͭͯৄ͘͠ཧղͰ͖ͨɻ

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https://y0za.github.io/2017-12-24/geth-transaction/ Reference https://takenobu-hs.github.io/downloads/ethereum_evm_illustrated.pdf https://speakerdeck.com/yamarkz/detail-ethereum-transaction [1] [2] [3] https://kb.myetherwallet.com/gas/what-is-gas-ethereum.html [4] [5] https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ %E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B6%E3%82%AF%E3%82 %B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3