1 Mario-Leander Reimer mario-leander.reimer@qaware.de @LeanderReimer qaware.de Photo by CHUTTERSNAP on Unsplash K8s-native Infrastructure as Code: einfach, deklarativ, produktiv

2 Mario-Leander Reimer Principal Software Architect @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware #gernperDude

What is your preferred Infrastructure-as-code tool? ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.

QAware | 4

So what's wrong with traditional Infrastructure-as-code tools?

No content

“Too much cognitive load will become a bottleneck for fast flow and high productivity for many DevOps teams.” QAware | 7 ■ Intrinsic Cognitive Load Relates to fundamental aspects and knowledge in the problem space (e.g. used languages, APIs, frameworks) ■ Extraneous Cognitive Load Relates to the environment (e.g. console command, deployment, configuration) ■ Germane Cognitive Load Relates to specific aspects of the business domain (aka. „value added“ thinking)

The Platform team and engineers are a key enabler for high productivity of stream-aligned DevOps teams. QAware | 8 ■ Responsible to build and operation a platform to enable and support the teams in their day to day development work. ■ The platform aims to hide the inherent complexity to reduce the cognitive load for the other teams. – Standardization – Self-Service ■ Fully automated software delivery is the goal! https://hennyportman.wordpress.com/2020/05/25/review-team-topologies/

Cloud-native Application Engineering Cloud-native Platform Engineering The 5 Layers of Cloud-native Software Engineering QAware | 9 IaaS Network, Compute, Storage (VPC, EC2, NLB, ALB, ...) CaaS (Kubernetes Services) PaaS (Software Infrastructure Blueprints with Helm and Continuous Delivery Toolchain) Application-specific Software Infrastructure Cloud-friendly & cloud-native Applications Architect Build Run Amazon SNS AWS IAM Amazon EC2 Amazon EBS

The 5 Layers of Cloud-native Software Engineering QAware | 10 IaaS Network, Compute, Storage (VPC, EC2, NLB, ALB, ...) CaaS (Kubernetes Services) PaaS (Software Infrastructure Blueprints with Helm and Continuous Delivery Toolchain) Application-specific Software Infrastructure Cloud-friendly & cloud-native Applications Architect Build Run Amazon SNS AWS IAM Amazon EC2 Amazon EBS ?

Why not model cloud infrastructure as Kubernetes resources?

Custom Resource Definitions are user-defined, declarative extensions of the Kubernetes API QAware | 12 ■ Abstraction of complex application constructs and concepts ■ Definition solely via CustomResourceDefinitions ■ Structure definition via OpenAPI v3.0 Validation Schema ■ Default Support for several API Features: CRUD, Watch, Discovery, json-patch, merge-patch, Admission Webhooks, Metadata, RBAC, … ■ Versioning und Conversion supported via Webhooks

QAware | 13

QAware | 14 Operator. - Do stuff with my CRDs.

Operators are codified Ops procedures! QAware | 15 ■ Operators are the path towards Zero-Ops. They enable auto-updating, self-monitoring and self-healing infrastructure and applications. ■ The concept was coined in the Kubernetes world. It’s now been adopted and used widespread in the cloud native world. ■ Examples: OKD, Sealed Secrets, Kube Monkey, Weave Flux, Crossplane, and many more …

Kubernetes Operators Explained QAware | 16

Introducing the Operator SDK QAware | 17

lreimer/aws-ecr-operator

QAware | 19 https://intl.startrek.com/sites/default/files/styles/amp_metadata_content_image_min_696px_wide/public/images/2020-05/memes_002.png Are you serious?!

Conceptual Showcase Architecture QAware | 20 Provision GitOps Cluster API AWS Controllers for Kubernetes

qaware/k8s-native-iac

Manage AWS services using the Amazon Controllers for Kubernetes (ACK) QAware | 22 ■ Define and use AWS service resources directly from Kubernetes. No need to define resources outside the cluster using traditional IaC tools. ■ Each ACK service controller is packaged into a separate container image and Helm chart ■ Uses IAM Roles for Service Accounts (IRSA) to automate the provisioning and rotation of temporary IAM credentials ■ Currently 20 different controllers with RELEASED status available, however, most of these are still in PREVIEW maintenance phase ■ https://aws-controllers-k8s.github.io/community/

Crossplane in a Nutshell QAware | 23 ■ Open Source Kubernetes Add-on. Universal Control Plane for Cloud Infrastructure. ■ Cloud Infrastructure Services can be defined declaratively by application teams ■ Platform teams can provide relevant cloud infrastructure services via high level self-services APIs ■ Individual Provider bundle a set of Managed Resources with their controllers. All major cloud providers are supported, e.g. AWS, GCP, Azure, Alibaba, … ■ Managed Resources are fine granular representations of external cloud resources ■ Composite Resource Definitions or XRDs enable the definition and creation of new abstractions for composite managed resources ■ https://crossplane.io

Kubernetes Cluster API QAware | 24 ■ Official Kubernetes sub-project ■ Declarative APIs and tooling to provision, upgrade, and operate multiple Kubernetes clusters ■ Work in different environments, both on-premises and in the cloud ■ Reuse and integrate existing ecosystem components rather than duplicating

Cloud Engineering for Everyone. Modern Infrastructure as Code for Developers and SREs. QAware | 25 ■ Tame overall complexity. One consistent approach to cloud engineering for Docker, many cloud providers and Kubernetes. ■ No breach between application development and DevOps engineering. ■ Rich programmable cloud interfaces with abstractions and reusable packages. ■ Apply engineering practices to infrastructure code: automation, modularity, testing, and Continuous Integration / Delivery ■ No intermediary formats. Direct usage of provided APIs. ■ Several converters available: arm2pulumi, crd2pulumi, kube2pulumi, tf2pulumi ■ Plenty of documentation and example resources available ■ Pulumi Operator enables users to create Stacks as a first-class API resource

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