Decentralized ID とWebの未来

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Tomoaki Imai, Noxx CTO Decentralized ID ͱWebͷະདྷ Tsumugi DAO ษڧձ

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• Co-founder & CTO at Noxx • ೔ຊIBM(3೥)ɺϝϧΧϦ(4೥)ɺSNSܥελʔτΞο ϓ(3೥)Λܦͯ2021೥ΑΓىۀ • ࠷ۙ͸ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯ΍҉߸ٕज़Λத৺ʹ։ൃ • 2016೥͔ΒϝϧΧϦUSͷ্ཱͪ͛ʹͱ΋ͳ͍ถࠃ γϦίϯόϨʔʹҠॅ twitter: @tomoaki_imai γεςϜ։ൃ γεςϜΤϯδχΞ ϞόΠϧEίϚʔε SWE => ςοΫϦʔυ Web3🤝Web2 CTO SNSαʔϏε ςοΫϦʔυ => CTO ࣄۀྖҬ: ৬छ: 2010 2014 2018 2021

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ࠓ೔ͷτϐοΫ • Web3/CryptoͷϑΣʔζ • ࣍ੈ୅ͷΞΠσϯςΟςΟٕज़ • Decentralized ID (SSI, ෼ࢄܕID) • Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI, ࣗݾओݖΞΠσϯςΟςΟ) • Web5 - SSIΛج൫ͱ͢Δ෼ࢄܕωοτϫʔΫɾϓϩτίϧ

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Web3/Cryptoͷݱࡏ

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2021೥ࠒ: NFT Summer 2022೥ޙ൒: FTXͳͲͷഁ୼ 2023೥: ࣮ੈքͰͷٕज़׆༻

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࣮ࣾձͰͷ׆༻ྫ ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯΛ ࢖ͬͨࣗಈं؅ཧͷ࣮ূ࣮ݧ εςʔϒϧίΠϯΛ࢖ͬͨૹۚ ෼ࢄܕιʔγϟϧϝσΟΞͷ୆಄ ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯʹؔ࿈ٕͨ͠ज़Λϕʔεͱ࣮ͨ͠༻ྫ͕޿͕͍ͬͯΔ

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࣮ࣾձͰͷ׆༻ྫ ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯΛ ࢖ͬͨࣗಈं؅ཧͷ࣮ূ࣮ݧ εςʔϒϧίΠϯΛ࢖ͬͨૹۚ ෼ࢄܕιʔγϟϧϝσΟΞͷ୆಄ ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯʹؔ࿈ٕͨ͠ज़Λϕʔεͱ࣮ͨ͠༻ྫ͕޿͕͍ͬͯΔ ίΞͱͳΔٕज़: ΞΠσϯςΟςΟ؅ཧٕज़

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Webʹ͓͚ΔΞΠσϯςΟςΟ؅ཧٕज़ͷਐԽ

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2010೥୅~ͷID؅ཧ • ᴈ໌ظ(1980೥୅-1990೥୅લ൒) • ݚڀ༻్ɺωοτϫʔΫ͸খ͘͞ɺօ͕஌Γ߹͍ • ීٴظ(1990೥୅ޙ൒ - 2000೥୅) • ωοτϫʔΫͷ֦େɻਓʑ͸IDͱύεϫʔυ؅ཧʹ຋࿔͞ΕΔ • web2.0(2010೥୅ - ) • ιʔγϟϧϩάΠϯ(FIM)ɺSSOͳͲIDϓϩτίϧͷൃల • αʔυύʔςΟґଘʹΑΔϙʔλϏϦςΟͷܽ೗ • αʔϏε͕ऴΘΔͱID΍σʔλ΋ফ͑Δ • ӡӦʹΑΔΞΧ΢ϯτౚ݁/࡟আ WebʹΞΠσϯςΟςΟ૚͕ͳ͍ͨΊʹى͖ͨ͜ͱ

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Self Sovereign Identity(SSI)ͷొ৔ • ࣗݾओݖ = ୈࡾऀ(αʔϏεɺࠃɺݖྗ)ʹґଘ͠ͳ͍ • ୈࡾऀͱͷؔ܎ʹΑΓΞΠσϯςΟςΟΛߏங͢Δ = தԝDBΛ࣋ͨͳ͍ ࣗݾओݖܕΞΠσϯςΟςΟ ࢲ ߦ੓ αʔϏε A ༑ਓ - ߦ੓͔Βͷ৴༻ʹج͖ͮαʔϏε Aͷೝূ͢Δ - ߦ੓ͷ୅ΘΓʹαʔϏε Bͷ৘ใΛར༻͢Δ - αʔϏε BͰೝূ͍ͨ͠༑ਓͷূ໌Λ͢Δ αʔϏε B • ωοτϫʔΫͰ෼ࢄԽ͞ΕͨIDΛDID(Decentralized ID෼ࢄܕࣝผࢠ)ͱݺͿ

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ͳͥϒϩοΫνΣʔϯ͕ඞཁ? • ֤ΤϯςΟςΟ(ਓɺ૊৫ɺ෺)ͷؔ܎ੑͰωο τϫʔΫΛߏங • ֤ΤϯςΟςΟؒͷ΍ΓͱΓͷվ͟Μ๷ࢭ • ୭Ͱ΋ωοτϫʔΫΛ࢖͑Δ • ୈࡾऀ͕հࡏ͠ͳ͍ Self Sovereign Identity p.9ΑΓൈਮ τϥετϨε 🤝 ෼ࢄωοτϫʔΫ 🕸 ҉߸伴ʹΑΔిࢠॺ໊🔐 ύʔϛογϣϯϨε 🙆

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SSIͷϢʔεέʔε: ۜߦޱ࠲։ઃ • ֤ॴͰͷຊਓ֬ೝ • ۜߦଆʹશͯͷ৘ใ͕ ౉Δ • खଓ͖ͷ൥ࡶ͞ɺ଴ͪ ࣌ؒ ຊਓূ໌ॻྨ… ళ಄Ͱ… ͸Μ͜… ۜߦ ໾ॴ ։ி࣌ؒͰ… ຊਓ֬ೝ… ͸Μ͜…

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SSIͷϢʔεέʔε: ۜߦޱ࠲։ઃ • ͦΕͧΕ͕ిࢠॺ໊͠ݕ ূ͢Δ͜ͱͰվ͟ΜΛ๷ ͙ • ݕূՄೳͳূ໌σʔλΛ ड͚౉͢͜ͱͰɺݶఆ͠ ͨݸਓ৘ใͷఏڙͰࡁΉ • ਓ͕հࡏͤͣ଎͍! 3 ۜߦ͔ΒূڌσʔλͷϦΫΤετ 4 ॺ໊ͷೝূޙɺ໾ॴ͔Βͷূ໌ σʔλΛۜߦ΁ૹ෇ ̑ূ໌σʔλΛݕূޙɺ։ઃ ۜߦ ໾ॴ 1. ຊਓূ໌ͷϦΫΤετ 2. ຊਓॺ໊ͷೝূޙɺ໾ॴͷ ిࢠॺ໊ͷೖͬͨূ໌σʔλ Λ΢ΥϨοτ΁ૹ෇ σδλϧ ΢ΥϨοτ

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SSIͷϢʔεέʔε: ۜߦޱ࠲։ઃ • ͦΕͧΕ͕ిࢠॺ໊͠ݕ ূ͢Δ͜ͱͰվ͟ΜΛ๷ ͙ • ݕূՄೳͳূ໌σʔλΛ ड͚౉͢͜ͱͰɺݶఆ͠ ͨݸਓ৘ใͷఏڙͰࡁΉ • ਓ͕հࡏͤͣ଎͍! ۜߦ ໾ॴ σδλϧ ΢ΥϨοτ ࣮ূྫ: ϚΠφ΢ΥϨοτ

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Self Sovereign Identity ͷ֓ཁ

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Self-Sovereign IdentityͷσβΠϯ W3C(World Wide Web Consortium)Ͱఆٛ͞Ε͍ͯΔ • ෼ࢄܕࣝผࢠ(DID:Decentralized Identi fi er) • ݕূՄೳͳࢿ֨ূ໌(VC:Veri fi able Credential) ͕ϕʔεͱͳ͍ͬͯΔ

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SSIͷγεςϜ ݕূՄೳͳσʔλϨδετϦ(VDR: Veri fi able Data Registry) ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯ΍ϓϥΠϕʔτσʔλϕʔε Private Data Repository ൃߦऀ(੓෎ͳͲ) ݕূՄೳͳࢿ֨ূ໌ (VC: Veri fi able Credential) อ༗ऀ(ݸਓ) σδλϧ ΢ΥϨοτ ݕূऀ(اۀͳͲ) ෼ࢄܕࣝผࢠ(DID) ΫϨσϯγϟϧ (ೝূ৘ใ)ʹॺ໊ ॺ໊Λೝূ͢Δ • ൃߦऀ͸ೝূ৘ใʹిࢠతʹ ॺ໊͠ɺVCͱͯ͠อ༗ऀʹ ఏڙ͢Δ • อ༗ऀ͸΢ΥϨοτΛհ͠ݕ ূऀ͕ٻΊΔܗࣜ(ϓϨθϯ ςʔγϣϯ)ͰVCΛڞ༗͢Δ • ݕূऀ͸ൃߦऀΛհࡏͤͣ VCΛݕূ͢Δ ݕূՄೳͳ ϓϨθϯςʔγϣϯ triangle of trust ͱ͍͍·͢

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Verifiable Credential ݕূՄೳͳࢿ֨ূ໌ͱ͸? • ݕূऀ͕ݕূՄೳͳσʔλɻϒϩοΫνΣʔϯ্ͷσʔλΛࢀর͠੔߹ੑͳͲΛݕূ͢Δ • ݕূऀͷඞཁʹԠͯ͡อ༗ऀ͸ඞཁͳ৘ใΛఏڙͰ͖Δ ࣝผࢠ ϝλσʔλ ΫϨʔϜ (ൃߦऀͷఏڙ৘ใ) ॺ໊ ෺ཧΧʔυ ݕূՄೳͳࢿ֨ূ໌(JSON-LD)

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Decentralized ID • ΤϯςΟςΟ(ਓɺ૊৫ɺσόΠεͳͲ) Λࣝผ͢ΔURL did:ethr:0xb9c5714… did:btcr:xz35-qqs2-… • ପԁۂઢ҉߸ʹΑͬͯੜ੒͞ΕΔ ެ։伴ɺൿີ伴ͱରʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ • DIDʹඥ͍ͭͨൿີ伴͸ిࢠॺ໊ ʹར༻͞ΕΔ ൿີ伴 ެ։伴 σδλϧ ΢ΥϨοτ 047d599fa…. cc21fd…. ඥ෇͚ did:ethr:0xb9c5714… ECDSA ପԁۂઢ҉߸ʹΑΔ伴ੜ੒ ҉߸Խ σδλϧॺ໊ DID ෼ࢄܕIDͱ͸? εΩʔϚ ϝιου ethrͷ৔߹ɺwallet address

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VCʹ͓͚ΔDIDͷ໾ׂ ݕূՄೳͳࢿ֨ূ໌ (VC) ݕূऀ 1) DID͔Βൃߦऀͷ ެ։伴Λݕࡧ 2) ެ։伴Ͱॺ໊ͷݕূ • DIDΛΩʔͱ໊ͨ͠લղܾ΍ݕࡧʹར༻ Veri fi able Data Registry https://www.w3.org/TR/did-core/#example-veri fi able-credential-linked-to-a-veri fi cation-method-of-type-ed25519veri fi cationkey2020

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SSIීٴͷ՝୊ σδλϧ΢ΥϨοτͷηΩϡϦςΟ • ൿີ伴͕࿙ΕΔͱσδλϧࢿ࢈ͷ౪೉΍ͳΓ͢·͕͠Մೳ • ΢ΥϨοτΛແޮԽ/෮׆Ͱ͖Δ࢓૊Έ͕ඞཁ ݖݶҠৡͷ໰୊ • શͯͷਓ͕ࣗ෼ͷݸਓ৘ใΛ؅ཧͰ͖ΔΘ͚Ͱ͸ͳ͍(e.g. ಈ෺ɺࢠڙ) • DID͸ݸਓͱඥ෇͘ͷͰɺ෦෼తͳҠৡ͕೉͍͠

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ରࡦ: Abstraction Account ϓϩάϥϚϒϧͳΞΧ΢ϯτ • ΢ΥϨοτΞυϨε(Externally Owned Account)ͷॺ໊ػೳͳͲΛந৅Խ͠ε ϚʔτίϯτϥΫτ্ͷΞΧ΢ϯτͱͯ͠ѻ͏ٕज़ ΫϨδοτΧʔυ ෺ཧΧʔυ όʔνϟϧΧʔυ 8888-9999-0000 ແޮԽͰ͖Δ ΞυϨε Abstraction Account ແޮԽͰ͖Δ ෳ਺ͷॺ໊Λར༻Ͱ͖Δ ظݶΛઃఆͰ͖Δ σδλϧ΢ΥϨοτ

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Web5 — SSIΛج൫ͱ͢Δ෼ࢄܕ ωοτϫʔΫϓϩτίϧ

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Web5ͱ͸? δϟοΫɾυʔγʔ཰͍ΔTBD͕ࡦఆ͢ΔϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ • SSIʹΑΔID؅ཧɺ BitcoinΛத৺ͱͨ͠҉߸ࢿ࢈ͷૹۚɺϝοηʔδϯάػ ೳΛ݉Ͷඋ͑ͨ෼ࢄܕϓϩτίϧ tbDEX Λ༻͍ͨϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ • ։ൃ૊৫ͷ TBD(to be decided) ͸ Block ࣾͷࢠձࣾ

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Web5ͷओཁίϯϙʔωϯτ tbDEX Decentralized Web Node(DWN) Self-Sovereign Identity Service Web5 Decentralized Web App(DWAS) Wallet Agent — VCͷൃߦ/ೝূ Resolver — DIDͷ໊લղܾ ϝοηʔδͷ஥հ/ૹۚ σʔλͷอଘ ɹtbDEX্Ͱಈ͘ΞϓϦ SSI SDK Layer2 PFI(tbDEXͱ࿈ܞ͢Δۚ༥ػؔ)

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Web5ʹ͓͚ΔDIDͷछྨ Bitcoin(ion) Ҏ֎ʹ web ΋αϙʔτ • did:ion (Identity Overlay Network) — Bitcoin্Ͱಈ͘DIDͷͨΊͷLayer2 • did:web — web domain ΛϢχʔΫIDͱͨ͠΋ͷ ྫ https://tomoima525.github.io/.well-known/did.json

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Web5ͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯྫ • Veri fi able Credential selector • ఏܞ͢ΔܾࡁαʔϏεܦ༝Ͱۜߦ͔ΒͷKYC৘ใΛ ݩʹVCΛੜ੒ɻଞαʔϏεͷຊਓূ໌ʹར༻Ͱ͖Δ • tbLEND • PFI(Participating Financial Institution:ۚ༥ػؔ)͕ tbDEX ্Ͱྲྀಈࢿ࢈(liquidity)Λି͠ग़͢ɻೝূʹVC Λར༻͢Δ

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·ͱΊ σδλϧࢿ࢈ͷ؅ཧ΍ܾࡁΛ͍ͨ͠ Ϟνϕʔγϣϯ ܾࡁػೳΛ΋ͬͨ෼ࢄγεςϜͱͯ͠ ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯΛ׆༻ ࣮ݱख๏ web3

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·ͱΊ ݱࡏͷwebͷ࢓༷ʹͳ͍ID؅ཧΛแׅత ʹࡦఆ͢Δ σδλϧࢿ࢈ͷ؅ཧ΍ܾࡁΛ͍ͨ͠ Ϟνϕʔγϣϯ ॺ໊ػೳΛ࣋ͬͨ෼ࢄγεςϜͱͯ͠ ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯΛ׆༻ ܾࡁػೳΛ΋ͬͨ෼ࢄγεςϜͱͯ͠ ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯΛ׆༻ ࣮ݱख๏ SSI web3 ࣮ࣾձͰͷ׆༻

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·ͱΊ ݱࡏͷwebͷ࢓༷ʹͳ͍ID؅ཧΛแׅత ʹࡦఆ͢Δ σδλϧࢿ࢈ͷ؅ཧ΍ܾࡁΛ͍ͨ͠ Ϟνϕʔγϣϯ ॺ໊ػೳΛ࣋ͬͨ෼ࢄγεςϜͱͯ͠ ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯΛ׆༻ ܾࡁػೳΛ΋ͬͨ෼ࢄγεςϜͱͯ͠ ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯΛ׆༻ ࣮ݱख๏ SSI web3 web5 ࣮ࣾձͰͷ׆༻