A tale of two sides of 2FA

by Christine

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@tech_christine A tale of two sides of 2FA It can be the best of security, or the worst of security

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@tech_christine What you will learn ✓ What is 2FA/MFA ✓ How to secure your accounts ✓ What are the 2FA types ✓ How to protect users and secure an application ✓ Potential testing steps ✓ 2FA development best practices "...it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness..."

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@tech_christine Taking notes or pictures Asking stupid questions https://christine-seeman.com/talks Things you don't need to worry about "...it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity..."

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@tech_christine London and Paris

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@tech_christine User and Developer

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@tech_christine

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@tech_christine Back to the beginning To when you signed up for

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@tech_christine

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@tech_christine

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@tech_christine What was the hacker up to? Calling your mobile provider

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@tech_christine On the phone with your mobile provider... Using social engineering

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@tech_christine Now they have all the access... Sim swap/sim hijacking

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@tech_christine

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“ @tech_christine We learned that SMS-based authentication is not nearly as secure as we would hope, and the main attack was via SMS intercept Christopher Slowe Reddit chief technology ofﬁcer and founding engineer August 2018

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@tech_christine What is authentication? The process of verifying that someone or something is the actual entity that they claim to be. - OWASP.org (these people know what they are talking about when it comes to security)

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@tech_christine ... but what are the different factors of auth? 1. factor is knowledge (i.e. your password) 2. is the other method choice - Possession (token/soft token) - Identity (biometrics)

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@tech_christine 2FA == 2SV == MFA 2FA = Two factor authentication 2SV = Two Step verification MFA = Multi-factor authentication What about all those other acronyms...

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@tech_christine Why didn't 2FA help? •SMS was used •2FA wasn't even enabled

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@tech_christine • Most common • Most compromised • Not recommended by NIST since 2016 SMS

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@tech_christine If SMS wasn't bad enough •SS7 (network shared by every telecom) has it's own vulnerabilities •Text messages that are sent can be intercepted

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@tech_christine Let's figure out all the ways to hack it... 1. Sim-swap (aka what just happened to us) 2. Port-out scam 3. Brute force on the application itself 4. Exploit SS7 weakness

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@tech_christine Time-based One Time Password aka app based aka soft token • Authy • Google Authenticator • 1Password TOTP

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@tech_christine • Associated with certain authorized devices • Not visible on a locked phone screen Push Based

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@tech_christine Token based Physical keys that can auth • USB drive • near-ﬁeld communication • Many use U2F (Universal 2nd Factor)

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@tech_christine OTP vs U2F

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@tech_christine OTP U2F • User has physical device • Strong security from public key cryptography • No personal information associated with a key • Users type in codes • Set up and provision required • Secrets stored, providing a single point of attack

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What would you change now?

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@tech_christine Secure Your Account 1. Use long password/passphrase 2. Secure with alternate authentication method 3. Use a VOIP number 4. Don't reuse passwords 5. Pin/password protect phone provider Keep on being @awesome

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@tech_christine But wait... Now you are the developer at jiffygram (an insta rival) How do you secure your users from all the bad stuff out there?

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@tech_christine • Developers • Designers • Infrastructure • Managers • Not just info sec! Security is everyone's job

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@tech_christine Back to your security basics 1. Strong passwords/passphrase # 2. Don't make them be rotated 3. Store the hash securely 4. Only store sensitive data that you need ⛔

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https://xkcd.com/936/ @tech_christine

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@tech_christine Why this helps •Greater entropy = harder to brute force the password •Passwords should be hard to guess, but easy to remember •Extra length + randomness allows for more entropy (strength)

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Do this @tech_christine

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@tech_christine

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Not this ☹ @tech_christine

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⬆ that is 6 a's @tech_christine

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Not this either @tech_christine

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@tech_christine Let's talk about password hash encryption • Just an algorithm that takes data and produces fixed-size output • Some hashes are stronger then others • MD5/SHA-1 = + • SHA-256/512-bit SHA-2= , • If possible with performance, use an adaptive one- way function

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@tech_christine Strong recommended adaptive functions Argon2 PBKDF2 Scrypta Bcrypt Head on over to OWASP.org for more details

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@tech_christine ...a user lost their phone/app access/token • Recovery codes to the rescue! - • Allows access to application • Shown once, used once

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@tech_christine lessons learned 2FA Implementation @tech_christine

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@tech_christine Rate limiting prevents brute force attacks @tech_christine

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@tech_christine Rate limiting prevents brute force attacks @tech_christine

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@tech_christine Use a truncated exponential back-off algorithm @tech_christine

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@tech_christine What is an exponential back-off algorithm?

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@tech_christine Code example in Ruby login_request if retries <= max_retries retries += 1 sleep (retries + rand(100)/1000) retry else raise "You've hit your max retries!" end

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@tech_christine Get user buy-in

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@tech_christine

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@tech_christine ✓ Make it easy opt in ✓ Make it easy to add ✓ Make it visible

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@tech_christine Do this

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@tech_christine Not this American Express OpenShift Netﬂix Pandora Pinterest Spotify Target Best Buy Freshbooks State Farm AT&T 2FA

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@tech_christine Enforce authentication on all pages

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@tech_christine • For editing/removing of 2FA require credentials • If authentication does fail, be generic in error response Moar authentication

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Do this "Login failed - invalid user ID or password"

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Not this "Login for User foo: invalid password" "Login failed, invalid user ID" "Login failed; account disabled" "Login failed; this user is not active"

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@tech_christine Users with the most amount of privilege, 2FA is a requirement not optional

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@tech_christine 2FA can help but... • Can only improve security if you are following secure password practices • Some 2FA methods are more secure then others

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@tech_christine Thanks for having me! All the organizers and volunteers deserve 2 2 2 Tyson Reeder for the final graphic @tysondreeder For references and further reading checkout https://christine-seeman.com/talks

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@tech_christine getﬂywheel.com/about/careers

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@tech_christine What questions can I answer?

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code!!

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@tech_christine Twilio API Example

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@tech_christine The Ruby One Time Password Library Example

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@tech_christine

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@tech_christine But you need to get this code to your user...

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@tech_christine Authy One Touch API Example

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@tech_christine QR Code Rendering https://github.com/whomwah/rqrcode ROTP: TOTP https://github.com/mdp/rotp Twilio Ruby API https://www.twilio.com/docs/libraries/ruby Auth Ruby API https://github.com/twilio/authy-ruby