20180220_iOSLT_Swiftとオブジェクト間の通知のパターン

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SwiftͱΦϒδΣΫτؒͷ௨஌ͷύλʔϯ 2018/2/20 @shtnkgm

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࿩͢͜ͱ SwiftͱΦϒδΣΫτؒͷ௨஌ͷύλʔϯʹ͍ͭͯߟ͑·͢ 1. ௨஌ํ๏ͷઃܭʹ͍ͭͯ 2. ΞϯνύλʔϯΛؚΊͨҎԼͷ5ͭͷ௨஌ύλʔϯ 3. ύλʔϯͷൺֱͱ࢖͍෼͚ʹ͍ͭͯ

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௨஌ͱ͸ ΦϒδΣΫτؒͷʮ௨஌ʯͱ͸ΦϒδΣΫτؒͷϝοηʔδͷ΍ ΓͱΓΛҙຯ͠·͢ɻ

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ͳͥ௨஌ํ๏ͷઃܭ͕ඞཁ͔ • ৑௕ͳίʔυͷഉআɺ࠶ར༻ੑ޲্͍ͤͨ͞ • ίʔυΛ੹຿ʹԠͯ͡ෳ਺ͷΦϒδΣΫτ΁෼ׂ͍ͨ͠ • ෳ਺ͷΦϒδΣΫτΛѻ͏ͨΊɺͦͷ௨஌ํ๏ͷઃܭ͕ඞཁ

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ྫ୊ɿViewͱModel Modelͷσʔλߋ৽ͷ׬ྃΛView΁ͲͷΑ͏ʹ௨஌͢Δʁ ※Prensenter΍ViewModelͳͲΞʔΩςΫνϟͷ࿩͸͜͜Ͱ͸ߟ͑ͳ͍΋ͷͱ͠·͢ɻ

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5ͭͷ௨஌ύλʔϯ 1. ॥؀ࢀরύλʔϯʢΞϯνύλʔϯʣ 2. Delegateύλʔϯʢऑࢀর+ϙϦϞʔϑΟζϜʣ 3. NotiﬁcationCenterύλʔϯ 4. KVOύλʔϯʢKey-Value Observing: Ωʔ஋؂ࢹʣ 5. Closure Callbackύλʔϯ ※SwiftͰඪ४αϙʔτ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ɺRxSwift΍BondͳͲͷσʔλόΠϯσΟϯάύλʔϯ͸ର৅֎

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5ͭͷ௨஌ύλʔϯ 1. ॥؀ࢀরύλʔϯʢΞϯνύλʔϯʣ 2. Delegateύλʔϯʢऑࢀর+ϙϦϞʔϑΟζϜʣ 3. NotiﬁcationCenterύλʔϯ 4. KVOύλʔϯʢKey-Value Observing: Ωʔ஋؂ࢹʣ 5. Closure Callbackύλʔϯ

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1. ॥؀ࢀরύλʔϯʢΞϯνύλʔϯʣ • ผΦϒδΣΫτͷϝιουΛ࣮ߦ͢Δʹ͸ɺͦͷΦϒδΣΫτ ͷࢀরΛ͍࣋ͬͯΕ͹ྑ͍ • ͭ·ΓΦϒδΣΫτؒͰ૬ޓʹ௨஌Λ͢Δʹ͸͓ޓ͍ͷࢀরΛ ͍࣋ͬͯΕ͹ྑ͍

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class View { // ˒ ModelΦϒδΣΫτ΁ͷࢀর var model: Model = Model() func receiveUIEvent() { // ModelͷviewϓϩύςΟʹࣗ਎Ληοτ model.view = self // 2. σʔλͷߋ৽ΛModelʹ௨஌ model.updateData() } // 5. UIͷߋ৽ func updateUI() { print("\(model.data)") } }

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class Model { // ˒ ViewΦϒδΣΫτ΁ͷࢀর var view: View? var data: Int = 0 // 3. σʔλͷߋ৽ func updateData() { data += 1 // 4. View΁σʔλͷߋ৽׬ྃΛ௨஌ view?.updateUI() } }

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͜ͷίʔυ͸ಈ͚͘Ͳ...

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॥؀ࢀর໰୊͕͋Δ • ਖ਼ৗʹಈ࡞͢Δ͕ɺʮ॥؀ࢀরʯ(strong reference cycle)ͱ͍ ͏໰୊͋Γ • ࢀরؔ܎͕॥؀͍ͯ͠Δ৔߹ɺΦϒδΣΫτ͸ϝϞϦ͔Βղ์ ͞Εͳ͍ʢ=ϝϞϦϦʔΫʣ • ϝϞϦϦʔΫ͕૿͑ΔͱύϑΥʔϚϯε͕མͪɺ࠷ѱΞϓϦ͕ Ϋϥογϡ͢Δ

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ิ଍: iOSͷϝϞϦ؅ཧํࣜʹ͍ͭͯʢ1/2ʣ • iOSͰ͸ϝϞϦ؅ཧΛࢀরΧ΢ϯλ(Reference Counting)ͱ͍͏ ํࣜͰߦ͍ͬͯΔ • ࢀর͞ΕΔ͝ͱʹ+1ɺࢀর͕ͳ͘ͳͬͨ࣌఺Ͱ-1

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ิ଍: iOSͷϝϞϦ؅ཧํࣜʹ͍ͭͯʢ2/2ʣ • ࢀরΦϒδΣΫτ͕ͳ͍৔߹ɺࢀরΧ΢ϯλ͕0ʹͳΔ • OS͸ͦͷΦϒδΣΫτΛϝϞϦ͔Β։์ͯ͠΋ྑ͍ͱ൑அ

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॥؀ࢀরύλʔϯΛվળ͍ͨ͠

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2. Delegateύλʔϯʢऑࢀর+ϙϦϞʔϑΟζϜʣ • weakΩʔϫʔυΛ͚ͭΔ͜ͱͰɺʮऑࢀরʯʢweak referenceʣ͢Δ • ௨ৗͷʮڧࢀরʯͱҟͳΓɺࢀরΧ΢ϯλ͕૿͑ͳ͍

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ऑࢀরͷϓϩύςΟͰ͸ࢀরઌͷΦϒδΣΫτ͕ղ์͞Εɺnil͕ ୅ೖ͞ΕΔՄೳੑ͕͋ΔͨΊɺΦϓγϣφϧܕͰఆٛ // weakΩʔϫʔυͰऑࢀর weak var view: View?

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॥؀ࢀর໰୊͸ղܾͨ͠

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·ͩվྑͷ༨஍͋Γ • ViewͱModel͕ʮີ݁߹ʯ(tight coupling)Ͱ͋Δ • ີ݁߹ͳઃܭ͸มߋʹऑ͘ɺ࠶ར༻΋ͮ͠Β͍ • ͜͜Ͱݴ͏มߋʹऑ͍ͱ͍͏ͷ͸ɺ࢓༷มߋ͕ೖͬͨ৔߹ʹม ߋՕॴ͕ଟ͘ͳΔͱ͍͏ҙຯ

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SecondView͕ModelΛ࢖͏࢓༷มߋΛ૝ఆ class Model { // View → SecondViewʹมߋ͕ඞཁʢModel͸Viewʹґଘ͍ͯ͠Δʣ weak var view: View? var data: Int = 0 func updateData() { data += 1 view?.updateUI() } }

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ີ݁߹໰୊ͷղܾ • Model͕Viewʹґଘ͠ͳ͍ॻ͖ํʹ͢Δ • ΑΓந৅తͳΠϯλϑΣʔεʹґଘͤ͞ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ • Model͕ඞཁͱ͢Δந৅తͳΠϯλϑΣʔεͱ͸Կ͔

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ந৅తͳΠϯλϑΣʔε • ʮupdateUIϝιου͕࣮ߦͰ͖Δ͜ͱʯͷΈ • updateUIϝιου͕࣮ߦͰ͖ΔΫϥεͰ͋Ε͹ͲΜͳΫϥεͰ ΋ྑ͍ • ͜ͷந৅తͳΠϯλϑΣʔεΛද͢ํ๏ͷ1ͭͱͯ͠ɺSwiftͰ ͸ϓϩτίϧ͕͋Δ ʢJavaʹ͓͚Δinterfaceʹ͍ۙ֓೦ʣ

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updateUIϝιουΛ࣋ͭͱ͍͏֓೦ΛϓϩτίϧͰ࣮૷ // ViewProtocolʹ४ڌ͢Δܕ͸updateUI()ͱ͍͏ϝιουΛ࣋ͭ protocol ViewProtocol { func updateUI() }

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ϓϩτίϧ͕ܕͱͯ͠ѻ͑Δ • ΠϯελϯεԽ͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍͕ɺܕͱͯ͠ѻ͑Δ protocol ViewProtocol: class { func updateUI() } class Model { // ViewͰͳ͘ViewProtocolʹґଘ weak var view: ViewProtocol? var data: Int = 0 func updateData() { data += 1 view?.updateUI() } }

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۩৅ΫϥεΛϓϩτίϧʹ४ڌͤ͞Δ // ViewProtocolʹ४ڌ͢Δ͜ͱΛએݴ class View: ViewProtocol { var model: Model = Model() func receiveUIEvent() { model.view = self model.updateData() } // ViewProtocolʹ४ڌͨ͠ϝιου func updateUI() { print("\(model.data)") } }

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ิ଍: Class-Only Protocols protocol ViewProtocol: class { func updateUI() } ্هͷίʔυྫͰ͸ɺViewProtocol͸classΛܧঝ͍ͤͯ͞·͢ɻ classΛܧঝ͢Δͱɺͦͷϓϩτίϧ͸Ϋϥεʹ͔͠ద༻Ͱ͖ͳ͘ ͳΓ·͢ɻ

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ͳͥclassܧঝ͕ඞཁ͔ • ModelͷviewϓϩύςΟ͸weakʢऑࢀরʣͰఆٛ͞Ε͍ͯΔͨ ΊɺΫϥεʢࢀরܕʣͰ͋Δඞཁ͋Γ ʢߏ଄ମ΍ྻڍମ͸஋ܕͰ͋ΔͨΊNGʣ • ViewProtocol͕ΫϥεʢࢀরܕʣͰ͋Δ͜ͱΛ໌ࣔ͢ΔͨΊʹ classΛܧঝ͢Δ class Model { // weak͕͍͍ͭͯΔͷͰViewProtocol͸ࢀরܕͰ͋Δඞཁ͕͋Δ weak var view: ViewProtocol?

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ґଘؔ܎ΛղফͰ͖ͨ • ͜ΕͰModel͕Viewʹґଘ͠ͳ͍ίʔυʹͳͬͨ • ͜Ε͸ʮϙϦϞʔϑΟζϜʯͷҰྫʹ΋ͳ͍ͬͯΔ ʢϓϩτίϧ͕ϙϦϞʔϑΟζϜͷ࣮ݱखஈͷͻͱͭʣ

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ϙϦϞʔϑΟζϜʢpolymorphism: ଟଶੑʣ ಈతʹϝιουʹΑͬͯݺͼग़͞ΕΔΦϒδΣΫτ͕มΘΓɺͦ ͷΦϒδΣΫτʹΑͬͯৼΔ෣͍͕มΘΔͱ͍͏ੑ࣭

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ࠓճͷྫͱϙϦϞʔϑΟζϜ • Model͸viewϓϩύςΟʹର͠updateUIϝιουΛ࣮ߦ • viewϓϩύςΟ͕Viewͳͷ͔SecondViewͳͷ͔͸஌Βͳ͍ ʢviewϓϩύςΟ͕ෳ਺ͷܕʹͳΓ͏Δ:ϙϦϞʔϑΟζϜʣ • ࣮ߦΦϒδΣΫτʹΑͬͯupdateUIϝιουͷ࣮૷͕ҟͳΔ ʢViewΛߋ৽ or SecondViewΛߋ৽ʣ

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UIKitͱσϦήʔτύλʔϯ • UIKitϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͰ͸UITableViewDelegateɺ UIPickerViewDelegateͳͲ਺ଟ͘ͷΦϒδΣΫτͰ͜ͷύλʔ ϯΛ࠾༻ • σϦήʔτύλʔϯʹ͓͚ΔϙϦϞʔϑΟζϜͷੑ࣭Λ׆͔͢ ͜ͱͰɺ࠶ར༻ੑͷߴ͍UI෦඼Λఏڙ

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ϝϦσϝ • !ϓϩτίϧʹΑΓ࣮૷͢΂͖ϝιου͕໌֬ • "௨৴׬ྃͷ௨஌ͷΈͳͲɺγϯϓϧͳ௨஌ͷ৔߹ʹ͸هड़ί ετͱݟ߹Θͳ͍ (σϦήʔτϓϩύςΟͷ࣮૷ɺϓϩτίϧఆٛɺϓϩτίϧ΁ ͷ४ڌ) • "Մಡੑ͕ൺֱత௿͍

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3. NotificationCenterύλʔϯ • NotificationCenterΫϥεΛར༻ͨ͠௨஌ͷύλʔϯ • NotificationCenter͸ड৴ొ࿥ͨ͠ΦϒδΣΫτʹର͠৘ใΛϒ ϩʔυΩϟετ͢Δ • ௨஌ΠϯλϑΣʔε͸௨஌໊ʢจࣈྻʣͷΈ • ಉ͡௨஌໊ΛผͷΦϒδΣΫτ͔Β΋ૹ৴Ͱ͖ΔͨΊɺଟରଟ ͷ௨஌Λ࣮ݱ

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NotiﬁcationCenterͷTips ௨஌໊͸Notiﬁcation.NameΛextensionͰ֦ு͠ɺstaticϓϩύς ΟͰఆ͓ٛͯ͘͠ͱར༻͠΍͍͢ // ௨஌໊Λొ࿥ extension Notification.Name { static let updateDataNotification = Notification.Name("updateDataNotification") }

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ड৴ొ࿥ / ૹ৴ͷ࢓ํ //ɹ௨஌ͷड৴ొ࿥ʢupdateDataNotificationͷ௨஌Λड৴ͨ͠ΒɺupdateUIϝιουΛ࣮ߦʣ NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(self, selector: #selector(updateUI), name: .updateDataNotification, object: nil) // ௨஌ͷૹ৴ʢupdateDataNotificationͷ௨஌Λૹ৴ʣ NotificationCenter.default.post(name: .updateDataNotification, object: nil)

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Model͔ΒView΁௨஌͢Δྫ class View { var model: Model = Model() init() { // ௨஌ͷड৴ొ࿥ʢupdateDataNotificationͷ௨஌Λड৴ͨ͠ΒɺupdateUIϝιουΛ࣮ߦʣ NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(self, selector: #selector(updateUI), name: .updateDataNotification, object: nil) } func receiveUIEvent() { model.updateData() } @objc func updateUI() { print("\(model.data)") } }

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class Model { var data: Int = 0 func updateData() { data += 1 // ௨஌ͷૹ৴ʢupdateDataNotificationͷ௨஌Λૹ৴ʣ NotificationCenter.default.post(name: .updateDataNotification, object: nil) } }

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௨஌ͷड৴ղআʹ͍ͭͯʢremoveObserverʣ • ௨஌ͷड৴ղআΛద੾ʹߦΘͳ͍ͱ։์͞ΕͨΦϒδΣΫτʹ ௨஌Λૹͬͯ͠·͏ʢ࣮ߦ࣌Ϋϥογϡʣ • iOS9Ҏ߱Ͱ͸deinit࣌ʹࣗಈͰ࣮ߦ // deinitͰͷड৴ղআ͸ෆཁ deinit { NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(self, name: .updateDataNotification, object: nil) }

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ิ଍:SelectorͰͷϝιου࣮ߦʹ͍ͭͯ Selector͸࣮ߦ࣌ʹݺͼग़͢ϝιου͕ܾఆ͢ΔɺObjective-Cํ ࣜͷಈతͳݺͼग़͠Λߦ͏ͨΊɺupdateUIϝιουʹ͸@objcଐੑ Λ͚ͭΔ @objc func updateUI() { print("\(model.data)") }

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ϝϦσϝ • !௨஌໊Ͱ؆୯ʹ௨஌Λ࣮૷Ͱ͖Δʢ௨஌จࣈྻͷΈ͕Πϯλ ϑΣʔεͰૄ݁߹ʣ • !NରNͷ௨஌͕ඞཁͳ৔߹΍௨஌͍ͨ͠ΦϒδΣΫτؒʹ௚઀ ͷࢀরؔ܎͕ͳ͍৔߹ʹ༗ޮ • "ଟ༻͢ΔͱॲཧͷྲྀΕ͕௥͍ͮΒ͍ʢεύήοςΟϓϩάϥ ϜʹͳΔՄೳੑʣ

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4. KVOύλʔϯʢKey-Value Observing: Ωʔ஋؂ࢹʣ • KVO͸ϓϩύςΟ஋ͷมԽΛ؂ࢹ͢Δ࢓૊Έ • Objective-CͷϥϯλΠϜػೳΛར༻͍ͯ͠ΔͨΊɺ؂ࢹର৅ͷ ΦϒδΣΫτ͸NSObjectΛཁܧঝ • Swift4Ͱ͸ɺϓϩύςΟมߋ࣌ͷॲཧΛΫϩʔδϟʔͰॻ͚Δ Α͏ʹͳΓɺΑΓ࢖͍΍͍͢

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class View { var model: Model = Model() // ؂ࢹ༻ΦϒδΣΫτΛอ࣋͢Δ var observation: NSKeyValueObservation? init() { // modelͷdataϓϩύςΟΛKVOͰ؂ࢹ͢Δ observation = model.observe(\.data, options: [.new]) { model, change in // model.data͕มԽͨ͠৔߹ʹ࣮ߦ͞ΕΔΫϩʔδϟʔ if let newValue = change.newValue { print(newValue) } } } func receiveUIEvent() { model.updateData() } }

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// NSObjectΛܧঝ class Model: NSObject { // @objcͱdynamicΛ͚ͭΔ @objc dynamic var data: Int = 0 func updateData() { data += 1 } }

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ิ଍:dynamicΩʔϫʔυ • KVO͸Objective-CͷϥϯλΠϜػೳͰ͋ΔಈతσΟεύον ʢdynamic dispatchʣΛར༻ ʢ࣮ߦ࣌ʹಈతʹϓϩύςΟ͕ܾఆ͞ΕΔʣ • ΑͬͯϓϩύςΟʹ͸@objcͱdynamic͕ඞཁ @objc dynamic var data: Int = 0

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ϝϦσϝ • !WebKitͷWKWebViewͷϓϩύςΟͷதʹ͸ɺtitle΍urlɺ estimatedProgressͳͲɺKVOʹରԠͨ͠ϓϩύςΟ(key-value observing compliant)͕͋ΓɺKVOͱ૬ੑ͕ྑ͍ • "ߏ଄ମʢstructʣ͸NSObjectΛܧঝ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍ͨ ΊɺKVO͸ར༻Ͱ͖ͳ͍

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5. Closure Callbackύλʔϯ ׬ྃޙͷॲཧΛΫϩʔδϟʔͰड͚औΓɺͦͷίʔϧόοΫ༻ͷ ΫϩʔδϟʔΛ࣮ߦ͢Δ͜ͱͰ௨஌͢Δύλʔϯ

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Ϋϩʔδϟʔ͸ؔ਺ͷΦϒδΣΫτ // Ϋϩʔδϟʔͷྫ let isEqual: (_ a: Int, _ b: Int) -> Bool = { a, b in return a == b } // ()Ͱ࣮ߦ isEqual(1, 1) // true isEqual(1, 2) // false

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class View { var model: Model = Model() func receiveUIEvent() { // ׬ྃޙͷॲཧΛΫϩʔδϟʔͰࢦఆ͢Δ // ຤ඌͷΫϩʔδϟʔͷҾ਺໊͸লུͰ͖Δʢtrailing closureه๏ʣ model.updateData { data in print(data) } } }

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class Model { var data: Int = 0 // ׬ྃޙͷॲཧΛҾ਺ͷΫϩʔδϟʔͰड͚औ࣮ͬͯߦ͢Δ func updateData(completion: (_ data: Int) -> Void) { data += 1 completion(data) } }

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ϝϦσϝ • !ݺͼग़͠ϝιουͷۙ͘ʹ׬ྃ࣌ͷॲཧΛॻ͚ΔͨΊɺίʔ υΛ௥͍΍͍͢ • "ͨͩ͠ෳ਺ͷඇಉظॲཧΛஞ࣮࣍ߦ͢Δ৔߹͸ɺΫϩʔδϟ ʔͷωετ͕ਂ͘ͳΒͳ͍Α͏ʹ஫ҙ func receiveUIEvent() { model.updateData(completion: { data in model.updateData(completion: { data in model.updateData(completion: { data in print(data) }) }) }) }

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UIKitͰͷར༻ ྫ͑͹UIAlertControllerͷUIAlertAction͸μΠΞϩάλοϓ࣌ͷॲ ཧΛΫϩʔδϟʔͰࢦఆ let alertAction = UIAlertAction(title: "OK", style: .default) { handler in // OKϘλϯλοϓ࣌ͷॲཧ print("OK͕λοϓ͞Ε·ͨ͠") }

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௨஌ύλʔϯͷൺֱͱ࢖͍෼͚ • ௨஌ͷύλʔϯ͸͜Ε͕Ұ൪ྑ͍ͱ͍͏΋ͷ͸ͳ͍ • ༻్ʹԠͯ͡ద੾ʹ௨஌ͷύλʔϯΛબ୒ • ·ͣ͸௨஌ݩͱ௨஌ઌͷ਺ͷؔ܎ʹԠͯ͡௨஌ͷύλʔϯΛબ ୒

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·ͱΊ 1. ॥؀ࢀরύλʔϯʢΞϯνύλʔϯʣ 2. Delegateύλʔϯʢऑࢀর+ϙϦϞʔϑΟζϜʣ 3. NotiﬁcationCenterύλʔϯ 4. KVOύλʔϯʢKey-Value Observing: Ωʔ஋؂ࢹʣ 5. Closure Callbackύλʔϯ

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௨஌ͷύλʔϯ ௨஌ݩͱ௨஌ઌͷ਺ ϝϦοτ σϝϦοτ Delegate 1ɿ1 ϓϩτίϧʹΑΓ࣮૷͢΂͖ ௨஌ΠϯλϑΣʔε͕໌֬ɻ ௨஌͢Δϝιου͕1ͭͷ৔ ߹͸ɺهड़ྔʹݟ߹Θͳ ͍ɻ Notiﬁcation NɿN ௚઀ͷࢀর͕ͳ͍ΦϒδΣΫ τؒͰ΋௨஌͕ՄೳɻΦϒδ ΣΫτ͕ؒૄ݁߹ɻ ଟ༻͢Δͱॲཧ͕௥͍ͮΒ ͘ͳΔɻάϩʔόϧͳείʔ ϓͰ௨஌Λߦ͏ͨΊɺϓϩ άϥϚ͕ҙਤ͠ͳ͍ॲཧ͕ ಈ͍ͯ͠·͏Մೳੑ͕͋Δɻ KVO 1ɿN WKWebViewͳͲKVOʹରԠ ͨ͠Ϋϥεͱ૬ੑ͕ྑ͍ɻ Objective-CͷϥϯλΠϜ͕ඞ ཁɻߏ଄ମͰ͸ར༻Ͱ͖ͳ ͍ɻ Closure Callback 1ɿ1 ॲཧͷґཔ෦෼ͱ׬ྃޙͷ ॲཧΛۙ͘ʹॻ͘͜ͱ͕Ͱ ͖ɺՄಡੑ͕ߴ͍ɻ ωετ૿͑͗͢΍callbackϝ ιουଟ͗͢ͰՄಡੑ☓ɻ

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SwiftͱΦϒδΣΫτؒͷ௨஌ͷύλʔϯ ͓ΘΓ