Ruby 3.0 Redux (Pivorak 4.0)

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Привiт!

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Божидар

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Божо cool

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Bozhidar

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Bozhidar

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Божи дар

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Божий дар

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Sofia, Bulgaria Soﬁa, Bulgaria

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bbatsov

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Ruby & Rails style guides

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•rubystyle.guide •rails.rubystyle.guide •rspec.rubystyle.guide •minitest.rubystyle.guide •blog.rubystyle.guide

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rubocop-minitest

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rubocop-rake

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emacsredux.com

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metaredux.com

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#7 on the list of top white hackers in Bulgaria!

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Божидар Батсов

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стацковарфлоу

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Expert in cyber security

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Expert in the following programming languages: Unix, Emacs, Perl and Ruby

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The Don Juan of IT in Bulgaria

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Bulgarian Cheese

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Болгарка

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Слънчев Бряг

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Златни пясъци

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Банско

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Луканка

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Rakia Connecting People

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Shopska Salad (use only with Rakia)

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Bulgarian politics are shit wrapped in cellophane.

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I’m never happy about a small pig and a new boss.

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To mess with my deputy is like sitting butt naked on a hedgehog.

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The most beautiful city in Ukraine

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То є Львів, мій колєґа, про нього різне кажуть: Приезжим из востока Криївку тут покажуть. То є Львів, моє місто, не з простого тіста, Ліплений роками – друзями й ворогами. То є Львів старенький, мудрий, сивий дядько, Кожному залишить кавалочок на згадку. То є Львів "Бонжорно!", Неаполь і Ліворно, По-галицьки говорять, наші в них погоду роблять.

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То є Львів, шановні, вбирайте шлюбні сподні, Краватку, маринарку і "вйо!" по Стрийськім парку. То є Львів чудовий, вуйко ґонуровий, Я тішуся, шо з вами ходжу цими вулицями. То є Львів старенький, мудрий, сивий дядько, Кожному залишить кавалочок на згадку. То є Львів "Бонжорно!", Неаполь і Ліворно, По-галицьки говорять, наші в них погоду роблять. То є Львів, то Львів...

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Not on Ruby’s Core Team

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Matz on Ruby

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Language Maturity

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The Ruby Community

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Ruby is not dying

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We have to feed the community intellectually. — Matz

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We have to keep moving forward. — Matz

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Backwards Compatibility

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We’re not going to repeat the Python 3 mistakes! — Matz

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Victim of the Hype Cycle

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Rails Mania (2008)

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Ruby Today

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Ruby Today

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2025

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Matz’s Retirement

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Ruby 4

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Ruby 4x4

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Ruby 4 is going to be 4 times faster than Ruby 3

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Ruby 4 is going to be 12 times faster than Ruby 2

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Ruby 4 is ﬁnally going to be fast enough!

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What about Ruby 3?

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–Matz “We’ll aim to release Ruby 3 for the Olympic Games in Tokyo in 2020.”

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Ruby 3 Goals •Improved programming safety •Faster performance •Better concurrency/parallelism support •Better tools

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Optional static typing?

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Duck inference?

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Actors?

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Stream based model?

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Ownership based model?

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Guilds?

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3 times faster performance?

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Smaller Goals •Sane keyword arguments (?!!?!) •Pattern Matching •Deprecation of quirky features •Frozen string literals

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Ruby 3.0 Redux

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Dictionary Definitions

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Ruby

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noun 1. a precious stone consisting of corundum in colour varieties varying from deep crimson or purple to pale rose. 2. a programming language optimised for programmer happiness

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number 1. equivalent to the sum of one and two; one more than two; 3 2. A mystical version rarely achieved by most software projects.

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Redux

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adjective 1. brought back, revived Emacs era redux 2. (usually postpositive) (esp of an artistic work) presented in a new way Apocalypse Now Redux

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Ruby 3.0 is not a single magic release

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Ruby 3.0 is an idea

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Ruby follows SemVer

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Ruby 3 is going to be 3 times faster than Ruby 2.0

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Generational GC (Ruby 2.1)

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Incremental GC (Ruby 2.2)

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MJIT (Ruby 2.6)

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New AST library (Ruby 2.6)

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Deprecation of ﬂip-ﬂops (Ruby 2.6)

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Ruby 2.7

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Numbered block parameters

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numbers.map { Math.log2(@1) }

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foo.bar { @1 + @2 }

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h = Hash.new { @1[@2] = "Go Fish: #{@2}" }

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h = Hash.new { @1[@2] = "Go Fish: #{@2}" }

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https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15723

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numbers.map { Math.log2(_1) }

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Method reference operator

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[2, 4, 8, 16, 32].map { |n| Math.log2(n) }

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[2, 4, 8, 16, 32].map(&method(Math.log2))

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[2, 4, 8, 16, 32].map(&Math.:log2)

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[2, 4, 8, 16, 32].map { Math.log2(_1) }

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Beginless range

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Beginless range

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Beginningless range

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arr[..3]

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items.where(price: ..20)

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Pattern Matching (https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14912)

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person = JSON.parse('{...}', symbolize_names: true) if person[:name] == ‘Alice’ children = person[:children] if children.length == 1 && children[0][:name] == ‘Bob’ p children[0][:age] end end

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case JSON.parse('{...}', symbolize_names: true) in {name: "Alice", children: [{name: "Bob", age: age}]} p age ... end

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Resources • https://speakerdeck.com/k_tsj/pattern-matching-new- feature-in-ruby-2-dot-7 • https://medium.com/@baweaver/ruby-2-7-pattern-matching- first-impressions-cdb93c6246e6 • https://medium.com/@baweaver/ruby-2-7-pattern-matching- destructuring-on-point-90f56aaf7b4e

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All those features are experimental and subject to change

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Deprecating $; and $,

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> $; = " " warning: non-nil $; will be deprecate => " " > "hello world!".split warning: $; is set to non-nil value => ["hello", "world!"] > $, = " " warning: non-nil $, will be deprecated => " " > ["hello", "world!"].join warning: non-nil $, will be deprecated => "hello world!"

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Compaction GC

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MJIT Tuning/optimizations

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flip-flops were finally deprecated!

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Then they were reinstated…

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Pipeline operator

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foo() .bar(1, 2) .display

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foo() |> bar 1, 2 |> display

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Added, contested and removed

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Ruby 2.7 is coming for Christmas!

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Ruby 3.0 (Current Status)

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Better Tools

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RubyGems 3

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The bundling of Bundler (Ruby 2.6)

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Gemifying the Standard Library (ongoing progress)

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Default vs Bundled Gems

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Default Gems • Bundler • RubyGems • date • irb • json • …

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Bundled Gems • minitest • did_you_mean • rake • …

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stdgems.org

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irb • New reline backend (portable replacement for readline) • Completion • Multi-line editing • Syntax-highlighting • Integration with RDoc

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RDoc • Redesigned documentation system • Twice as fast

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Ruby 3x3

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Only applies to certain benchmarks

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Ruby 2.6 is 65% faster than Ruby 2.0

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10% average speedup per release

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MJIT is the biggest hope for Ruby 3x3

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Guilds

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Developed outside the Ruby’s main repo

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https://github.com/ko1/ruby/tree/guild

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Work in progress ™

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Parallel Programming in Ruby 3 with Guilds (http://www.atdot.net/~ko1/activities/2018_rubyconf2018.pdf)

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Static Typing

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https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/9999

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Native Support for Тype Signatures in Ruby 3.0

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With a twist…

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Dedicated Ruby interface ﬁles (.rbi)

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Dedicated Ruby signature ﬁles (.rbs)

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class Person @name: String @contacts: Array def initialize: (name: String) -> any def name: -> String def contacts: -> Array def guess_country: -> (String | nil) end

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https://github.com/soutaro/steep

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Type Signatures for Ruby Core (https://github.com/ruby/ruby-signature)

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Rakia Connecting People

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Open Questions • Is Steep becoming part of the Standard Library? • How is Sorbet going to make use of its type annotations? • Typing applications

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Built-in Type Inference Checker

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def foo(x) if x > 10 x.to_s else x.boo() x + 42 end end foo(42)

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$ exe/type-profiler test.rb test.rb:6: [error] undefined method: Integer#boo test.rb:7: [error] failed to resolve overload: Integer#+ Object#foo :: (Integer) -> String

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Resources • https://www.slideshare.net/mametter/a-typelevel-ruby- interpreter-for-testing-and-understanding • https://github.com/mame/ruby-type-profiler

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Sane Keyword Arguments

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https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14183

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# The following calls pass keyword arguments foo(..., key: val) foo(..., **hsh) foo(..., key: val, **hsh)

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# The following calls pass **normal** arguments foo(..., {key: val}) foo(..., hsh) foo(..., {key: val, **hsh})

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Breaking change!!!

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Migration warning in Ruby 2.7

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def a_method(k: 1) puts "k: #{k}" end a_method({k: 1}) (irb):4: warning: The last argument is used as the keyword parameter (irb):1: warning: for `a_method' defined here => k: 1

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# To avoid the warning # and make it Ruby 3 compatible, # use the double splat operator a_method(**{k: 1}) => k: 1

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What’s not in Ruby 3.0?

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Actors

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Stream processing

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Frozen string literals

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Deprecation of autoload

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https://github.com/fxn/zeitwerk

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Deprecation of backticks (`some-command`)

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Deprecation of character literals (?x)

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Summary

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• Ruby 2.7 will be the ﬁnal release in the 2.x series • Ruby 3.0 is scheduled to land in 2020 • Ruby 2.7 will serve as a preview for many of the key features in Ruby 3.0 • Static typing and Guilds are the biggest changes coming to Ruby 3.0 • Keyword argument overhaul is going to be a breaking change • The migration path from Ruby 2.x to 3.x should be very smooth

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Community Impact

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Community Contributed Features • UTF-8 • Enumerator • Generational GC • Keyword Arguments • JIT • Concurrency

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Community Contributions • Rake • Bundler • Documentation & Tutorials • A ton of amazing libraries • Rails • …

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Real Namespaces (https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14982)

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Felina

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Дякую! twitter: @bbatsov github: @bbatsov https://metaredux.com https://emacsredux.com Pivorak 4.0 Lviv, Ukraine 18.10.2019