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Lucas Mendes | Software Architect | @devsdmf PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE WHY YOU SHOULD LEARN IT

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$ whoami

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PHP AT THE CORE UNDER THE HOOD…

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OVERVIEW

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PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE OVERVIEW ▸ Written in C Ansi ▸ Interpreted, imperative, procedural, object-oriented ▸ Dynamic typed ▸ Made for the web, used anywhere ▸ Extensible ▸ Powerful

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ARCHITECTURE

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PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE

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EXTENSIONS

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No content

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PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE EXTENSIONS ▸ Adds functionality ▸ Replaces functionality ▸ Change behavior ▸ Performance optimization ▸ Security improvement ▸ Link against an external library ▸ and many more…

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CORE 
 EXTENSIONS

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PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE PHP CORE EXTENSIONS ▸ ext/standard ▸ ext/date ▸ ext/ereg ▸ ext/pcre ▸ ext/reflection ▸ ext/spl

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INTERNAL 
 EXTENSIONS

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PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE PHP INTERNAL EXTENSIONS bcmath curl date gd ftp shmop iconv dom hash mysqli json intl pcntl mbstring soap xsl zlib Everything in ext/ folder

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EXTERNAL 
 EXTENSIONS

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PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE PECL: PHP EXTENSION COMMUNITY LIBRARY ▸ Too many extensions for various interesting (and odd things) ▸ Installed with PECL tool ▸ Successor of the Siberia ▸ pecl.php.net

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PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE EXTENSIONS - EXTERNAL EXTENSIONS tk mongo imagick mcrypt binpack radius jsonc handlebars inotify solr apc libevent ev opengl tidy gender archive too many others…

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PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE EXTENSIONS OVERVIEW

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STATIC VS SHARED
 (EXTENSIONS)

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PHP EXTENSIONS
 VS ZEND EXTENSIONS

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EXTENSIONS 
 LIFETIME

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EXTENSIONS LIFETIME

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PHP REQUEST LIFECYCLES

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PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE PHP REQUEST LIFECYCLE - BASICS

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PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE PHP REQUEST LIFECYCLES - PROCESS-BASED MODEL

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PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE PHP REQUEST LIFECYCLES - THREAD-BASED MODEL

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PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE PHP REQUEST LIFECYCLES - EXECUTION

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MEMORY MANAGEMENT

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ZMM
 (ZEND MEMORY MANAGER)

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REQUEST-BOUND VS PERMANENT (MEMORY ALLOCATION)

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PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE REQUEST-BOUND MEMORY ALLOCATION ▸ Must only be performed when PHP is treating a request (not before, not after) ▸ Must use ZMM memory allocation API ▸ Most part of the extensions uses just request-bound memory management ▸ Are tracked by ZMM, you’ll be notified about leaking ▸ Respects the user land INI "memory_limit"

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PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE PERMANENT MEMORY ALLOCATION ▸ Should not be performed while PHP is treating a request (not forbidden, but a bad idea) ▸ Uses standard libc memory allocation API (not ZMM) ▸ Should be pretty rare in an extension

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THE INTERNALS LOOKING TO THE GEARS…

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HOW MANY DATA TYPES DOES PHP HAVE ?

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JUST ONE.

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ZVAL typedef struct _zval_struct { zvalue_value value; union { struct { ZEND_ENDIAN_LOHI_4( zend_uchar type, zend_uchar type_flags, zend_uchar cosnt_flags, zend_uchar reserved) } v; uint32_t type_info; } u1; union {…} u2; } zval;

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ZVALUE_VALUE typedef union _zvalue_value { zend_long lval; double dval; zend_refcounted *counted; zend_string *str; zend_array *arr; zend_resource *res; zend_object *obj; zend_class_entry *ce; zend_function *func; } zvalue_value;

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VALUE TYPES Type Storage IS_NULL none IS_TRUE or IS_FALSE none IS_LONG zend_long lval IS_DOUBLE double dval IS_STRING zend_string *str IS_ARRAY zend_array *arr IS_OBJECT zend_object *obj IS_RESOURCE zend_resource *res

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HANDLING VALUES zval *zv_ptr = /* ... */; if (Z_TYPE_P(zv_ptr) == IS_LONG) { php_printf("%ld\n”, Z_LVAL_P(zv_ptr)); } else /* ... */

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HASH TABLES

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HASH TABLE STRUCTURE typedef struct _hashtable { uint32_t nTableSize; uint32_t nTableMask; uint32_t nNumOfElements; zend_long nNextFreeElement; ... } HashTable

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ZEND_ARRAY

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OBJECTS

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A SIMPLE CLASS zend_class_entry *ce_Example; zend_function_entry php_example_methods[] = { PHP_FE_END }; PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(example) { zend_class_entry ce_example_local; INIT_CLASS_ENTRY(ce_example_local, “Example”, php_example_methods); ce_Example = zend_register_internal_class(&ce_example_local TSRMLS_CC); return SUCCESS; }

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ZEND_OBJECT struct _zend_object { zend_refcounted_h gc; zend_class_entry *ce; const zend_object_handlers *handlers; HashTable *properties; zval properties_table[1]; } zend_object;

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RESOURCES

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ZEND_RESOURCE struct _zend_resource { zend_refcounted_h gc; int type; void *ptr; } zend_resource;

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DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT

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REQUIREMENTS

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PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS ▸ gcc ▸ libc-dev ▸ make ▸ autoconf ▸ automake ▸ libtool ▸ bison (generates the parser) ▸ re2c (generates the lexer)

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BUILDING THE PHP

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DO NOT USE PREBUILT PACKAGES!

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BUILD FROM SOURCE CODE.

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EXTENSION DEVELOPMENT

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EXTENSION SKELETON

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PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE EXTENSION SKELETON ▸ config.m4 ▸ config.w32 ▸ hello.c ▸ php_hello.c ▸ tests/*

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BUILD SYSTEM

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PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE CONFIG.M4

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PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE CONFIG.W32

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REGISTERING THE EXTENSION

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PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE REGISTERING THE EXTENSION

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EXTENSION HOOKS

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PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE MODULE INITIALIZATION

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PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE MODULE SHUTDOWN

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PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE REQUEST INITIALIZATION

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PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE REQUEST SHUTDOWN

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PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE MODULE INFORMATION

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EXTENSION FUNCTIONS

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PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE A SIMPLE FUNCTION

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PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE HANDLING ARGUMENTS

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INSTALLING

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PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE PREPARING THE EXTENSION

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PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE CONFIGURING THE BUILD

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PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE INSTALLING

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THANK YOU! Lucas Mendes
 Software Architect at Tienda Nube
 about.me/devsdmf We're hiring, join the crew! 
 bit.ly/work-at-tiendanube