Node.js Authentication and Data Security! Jonathan LeBlanc ! Twitter: @jcleblanc ! Book: http://bit.ly/iddatasecurity! 

Release Date:! August 2016! ! Book Details:! http://bit.ly/iddatasecurity! Identity & Data Security Book! 

Security is Hard! 

1: 123456 ! 2: password ! 3: 12345678 ! 4: qwerty ! 5: 12345 ! 6: 123456789! 7: football! 8: 1234! 9: 1234567! Top 25 Passwords of 2015! 10: baseball! 11: welcome! 12: 1234567890! 13: abc123! 14: 111111! 15: 1qaz2wsx! 16: dragon! 17: master! 18: monkey! 19: letmein! 20: login! 21: princess! 22: qwertyuiop! 23: solo! 24: passw0rd! 25: starwars! 

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Protecting Identity! 

Password Attack Vectors! 

Brute Force Attacks! Calculate all key variations within a given length, then trying each one until the password is guessed. ! Protect via: Key stretching, CAPTCHA, 2FA! ! Dictionary Attacks! Use a list of predetermined words/phrase to guess password.! Protect via: Salting! ! Rainbow Tables! Use precalculated password hashes to break encryption.! Protect via: Salting ! Protecting Against Password Attacks! 

Salting and Peppering! 

//hashing identical messages with no salt! hash('mechagodzilla') = ! 162e0a91026a28f1f2afa11099d1fcbdd9f2e351095ebb196c90e10290ef1227! hash('mechagodzilla') = ! 162e0a91026a28f1f2afa11099d1fcbdd9f2e351095ebb196c90e10290ef1227! ! //hashing identical messages with random salt! hash('mechagodzilla' + '458cf2979ef27397db67077775225334') = ! f3499a916612e285612b32702114751f557a70606c32b54b92de55153d40d3b6! hash('mechagodzilla' + 'ef5b72eff781b09a0784438af742dd6e') = ! 7e29c5c48f44755598dec3549155ad66f1af4671091353be4c4d7694d71dc866! hash('mechagodzilla' + 'cc989b105a1c6a5f0fb460e29dd272f3') = ! 6dedd3dbb0639e6e00ca0bf6272c141fb741e24925cb7548491479a1df2c215e! Hashing with and without salts! 

Storing Salts! Store alongside the hash! ! Salt Reuse! Salts should be be unique per password! ! Salt Length! Same size as hash? 64 bits? 128 bits?! Considerations when using Salts! 

bcrypt! Designed for password security, based on the blowfish cipher, CPU & RAM intensive.! ! PBKDF2! Comes from RSA laboratories, performs the HMAC (hash + key) over a specific number of iterations.! ! scrypt! Designed to make it costly to perform large-scale hardware attacks by requiring large amounts of memory! Password Encryption Algorithms! 

! var bcrypt = require('bcrypt');! ! app.post("/register", function(req, res){! //capture user login information! var username = req.body.username;! var password = req.body.password;! ! //generate salt, then hash! bcrypt.genSalt(10, function(err, salt) {! bcrypt.hash(password, salt, function(err, key) {! console.log('key: ' + key.toString('hex'));! console.log('salt: ' + salt.toString('hex'));! });! });! });! ! Hashing with bcrypt! 

! var bcrypt = require('bcrypt');! ! app.post("/login", function(req, res){! //capture user login information! var username = req.body.username;! var password = req.body.password;! ! //fetch user record from database ! //required info: stored hash! ! //compare password from login to stored user hash! bcrypt.compare(password, hash, function(err, res){! //returns true or false! });! });! ! Login Hash Comparison with bcrypt! 

! var crypto = require('crypto');! ! app.post("/register", function(req, res){! //capture user login information! var username = req.body.username;! var password = req.body.password;! ! //generate salt, then hash! crypto.randomBytes(32, function(ex, salt){! crypto.pbkdf2(password, salt, 4096, 512, 'sha256', function(err, key){! if (err) throw err;! //store username, hashed password, and salt in your database! });! });! });! ! Hashing with PBKDF2! 

! var crypto = require('crypto');! ! app.post("/login", function(req, res){! //capture user login information! var username = req.body.username;! var password = req.body.password;! ! var dbsalt = 'USER RECORD SALT FROM YOUR DATABASE';! var dbhash = 'USER RECORD KEY FROM YOUR DATABASE';! ! //generate hash with login attempt, then compare to stored user hash! crypto.pbkdf2(password, dbsalt, 4096, 512, 'sha256', function(err, comparehash){! if (err) throw err;! if (dbhash.toString('hex') === comparehash.toString('hex')){ ! //passwords match! } else { ! //passwords don't match! }! });! });! ! Login Hash Comparison with PBKDF2! 

Refreshing Hashes! 

Protecting Data! 

Ideal Scenario: SSL/TLS! 

Domain Validation (DV)! Certificate authority (CA) validates domain access only! Certificate Types! 

Organization Validation (OV)! ! CA validates DV and basic organization information! Certificate Types! 

Extended Validation (EV)! CA validates DV, OV, and legal existance of the organization! Certificate Types! 

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//generate private key and self-signed certificate valid for 1 year! openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout server.key -out server.crt! Generate your self-signed certificate and private key! 

//package requirements! var fs = require('fs'),! https = require('https'),! querystring = require('querystring'),! bodyParser = require('body-parser')! app = require('express')();! ! //support JSON & URL encoded bodies! app.use(bodyParser.json()); ! app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ ! extended: true! })); ! Setting up Express server for HTTPS traffic! 

//handle all POST requests! app.post('/', function (req, res){! var message = req.body;! res.send('Message received:' + querystring.stringify(message));! });! ! //set certificate options! var options = {! key: fs.readFileSync('server.key'),! cert: fs.readFileSync('server.crt'),! passphrase: 'YOUR KEY PASSWORD' ! };! ! //create server with certificate options! https.createServer(options, app).listen(3000, function () {! console.log('Server started: Listening on port 3000');! });! Setting up Express server for HTTPS traffic! 

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Synchronous Cryptography! 

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Single User Environment! 

Encryption (ECB, CBC, OFB, CFB, CTR)! Data privacy and confidentiality mode. Attacker cannot obtain info on the plaintext data.! ! Authentication(CMAC)! Data authenticity mode. Receiver can validate whether cleartext came from intended sender.! ! Authenticated Encryption (CCM, GCM, KW/KWP/TKW)! Includes both data privacy and authenticity.! Modes of Operation! 

var crypto = require('crypto');! ! var text = "Encryption Testing AES";! var key = crypto.randomBytes(32); //256 bit shared secret! var iv = crypto.randomBytes(16); //initialization vector - 16 bytes! var algorithm = 'aes-256-ctr'; //cypher and mode of operation! ! //encrypt! var cipher = crypto.createCipher(algorithm, key, iv);! var encrypted = cipher.update(text, 'utf8', 'hex');! encrypted += cipher.final('hex');! console.log("Encrypted: " + encrypted);! Configuring and encrypting message! 

//----! // data sent to server: ciphertext (encrypted var)! // data known by server: key! //----! ! //cypher and mode of operation! var algorithm = 'aes-256-gcm'; ! ! //decrypt! var decipher = crypto.createDecipher(algorithm, key, iv);! var decrypted = decipher.update(encrypted, 'hex', 'utf8');! decrypted += decipher.final('utf8');! console.log("Decrypted: " + decrypted);! Decrypting ciphertext! 

Security Fundamentals Wrapup! 

Thank You!! ! Slides: http://slideshare.net/jcleblanc! Jonathan LeBlanc ! Twitter: @jcleblanc ! Book: http://bit.ly/iddatasecurity!