Backends For Frontends (AWS Dev Day)

by Yosuke Furukawa

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BFF introduction 2018/11/2 @ AWS Dev Day

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Twitter: @yosuke_furukawa Github: yosuke-furukawa

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/PEFֶԂࡇ։࠵͠·͢ʂʂʂ

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!*5Ͱ#''ͷهࣄΛॻ͖·ͨ͠ʂʂʂʂ

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BFFͱ͸

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Backends For Frontends

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Backends For Frontends #SPXTFS #'' .JDSP4FSWJDF .JDSP4FSWJDF .JDSP4FSWJDF • ϑϩϯτΤϯυͷͨΊͷόοΫΤϯυαʔό

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Backends For Frontends #SPXTFS #'' .JDSP4FSWJDF .JDSP4FSWJDF .JDSP4FSWJDF ϑϩϯτΤϯυͱόοΫΤϯυʹ෼͚Δɺ ϚΠΫϩαʔϏεΛҙࣝ͢Δ • ϑϩϯτΤϯυͷͨΊͷόοΫΤϯυαʔό

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Backends For Frontends • Sam Newman ΞʔΩςΫνϟύλʔϯΛఏএ

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Backends For Frontends • ֤छΫϥΠΞϯτ͝ͱʹઐ༻ͷΞμϓλʔΛ ༻ҙ͢Δ

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BFF͕΍Δ͜ͱ͍͔ͭ͘঺հ

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BFF use-cases (1) • API Aggregation #'' 6TFS .JDSP4FSWJDF "SUJDMF .JDSP4FSWJDF $PNNFOU .JDSP4FSWJDF 3FRVFTUUPCMPH QBHF 3FRVFTUUPTPNFЖ4FSWJDFT DPODVSSFOUMZ $PODBU&WFSZ+40/ 3FTQPOTF

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• Session Management BFF use-cases (2) #'' 3FRVFTUXJUI TFTTJPOJE (FU5PLFOGSPN 4FTTJPO 4FTTJPO4UPSF JE VTFSOBNF UPLFO 0UIFS"1* 3FRVFTUXJUIUPLFO

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• (Server Side) Rendering BFF use-cases (3) #'' 1BHF3FRVFTU $PNQPOFOUT 5FNQMBUFT 'FUDI%BUB "1* 3FOEFS)5.-

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• File Upload BFF use-cases (4) #'' 'JMF$IVOLFE 6QMPBE "1* 4UPSF'JMF 'JMF4UPSBHF 4 (FU'JMF1BUI "1*3FRVFTUXJUI 'JMF1BUI

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• WebSocket/LongPolling/SSE BFF use-cases (5) #'' 8FC4PDLFU "1* 4VC4DSJCF .FTTBHF2VFVF 1VCMJTI

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BFF CaseStudy: Twitter

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BFF CaseStudy: Twitter

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Mobile Twitter Stack #SPXTFS #'' /PEFKT &YQSFTT3FBDU .JDSP4FSWJDF 4DBMB .JDSP4FSWJDF 4DBMB .JDSP4FSWJDF 4DBMB

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BFF CaseStudy: Twitter • ࠷ॳ͸ Monolith • ్த͔ΒScalaԽͯ͠MicroServices • ࠷ۙ͸Mobileͷϑϩϯτ͚ͩ͸ BFF ʹ

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BFF CaseStudy: Netﬂix

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http://techblog.netﬂix.com/2012/07/embracing-differences-inside-netﬂix.html

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Many Devices : Many APIs

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Many Devices : Many APIs

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BFF CaseStudy: Netﬂix • ଟछଟ༷ͳσόΠεʹରͯ͠ҰݸҰݸʹBFF ʢClient Adapter CodeʣΛஔ͘ • σόΠεؒͷҧ͍ΛBFFͰٵऩ͢Δ • OSFA - One Size Fit All - ͳ REST API Λ࡞Β ͣʹ֤σόΠεຖʹ࠷దԽ͢Δͱ͍͏ߟ͑ํ

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BFF CaseStudy: RecruitTech

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Recruit Technologies • BFFΛNode.js (Express) Ͱߏங͍ͯ͠Δ • API Aggregation • Server Side Rendering (React) • Session Management • File Upload • WebSocket

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Recruit Technologies • Example: booking table

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Recruit Technologies • Example: raico #SPXTFS #'' #BDLFOE"1* 4FTTJPO4UPSF 3FEJT /'4 )5518FC4PDLFU 4FTTJPO .BOBHFNFOU 'JMF4UPSBHF 3&45"1* 4FSWFS4JEF 3FOEFSJOH

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BFFಋೖ͢Δͱ͖ ಋೖ͠ͳ͍ͱ͖

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BFFΛಋೖ͢Δ࣌ • ϑϩϯτΤϯυͱόοΫΤϯυͰ։ൃऀΛ෼ۀͤ͞Δ ͜ͱͰૄ݁߹ʹͯ͠ࠓޙͷΤϯϋϯε଎౓Λ্͍͛ͨ • ઌఔ͋͛ͨϢʔεέʔεͷΑ͏ͳॲཧ͕ඞཁʢྫɿ SEO ͷͨΊʹαʔόαΠυϨϯμϦϯά͕ඞཁɺϦΞϧλ ΠϜΞϓϦͳͷͰWebSocket͕ඞཁ etcʣ • ϨΨγʔͳγεςϜ͕طʹଘࡏ͓ͯ͠ΓɺͦΕΛ্ʹ ͔Ϳͤͯஈ֊తʹϦΞʔΩςΫτ͍ͨ͠

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ٯʹBFFΛಋೖ͠ͳ͍࣌ • ϑϩϯτͱόοΫ྆ํΛ։ൃͰ͖Δਓ͕ଟ͍ʢϑϧ ελοΫΤϯδχΞ͕ଟ͍ʣ • ϞϊϦγοΫʹαʔϏε։ൃ্ͨ͠ͰϚʔέοτΠ ϯΛ଎Ί͍ͨ • ্ड़ͨ͠Ϣʔεέʔε͕ٻΊΒΕΔ͜ͱ͕গͳ͍ (ྫɿSEOཁΒͳ͍ɺϦΞϧλΠϜͳॲཧ͕ͳ͍ etc)

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BFFΞϯνύλʔϯ

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௒༁όοΫΤϯυͱϑϩϯτΤϯυΛ෼͚Δࣄͦͷ΋ ͷ͕Ξϯνύλʔϯ

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BFFΛ2೥࣮ؒફͯ͠ ࣮ࡍʹؕͬͨ  ΞϯνύλʔϯΛ঺հ

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BFF ͸ϑϩϯτΤϯυͱόο ΫΤϯυͷՍ͚ڮͰ͋Γɺ ૊৫ͷ઀߹఺

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BFFΞϯνύλʔϯ ͦͷ1 εύʔείϛϡχέʔγϣϯ

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BFF͸ΞʔΩςΫνϟಉ͕࢜ ૄʹͳΔ͕ɺ ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯ·Ͱૄ(sparse) ʹͳͬͯ͠·͏έʔε

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ྫ1: ςʔϒϧؙݟ͑ API JE OBNF BHF

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#'' .JDSP4FSWJDF .JDSP4FSWJDF .JDSP4FSWJDF \ pSTU@OBNFGPP MBTU@OBNFCBS SPMFIPHF SPMFGVHB ^

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#'' .JDSP4FSWJDF .JDSP4FSWJDF .JDSP4FSWJDF \ pSTU@OBNFGPP MBTU@OBNFCBS SPMFIPHF SPMFGVHB ^ %#ͷεΩʔϚ͕ಁ͚ͯݟ͑Δʂʂʂʂ

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SELECTจ͕ಁ͚ͯݟ͑Δɻ ୯७ͳέʔεͳΒͦΕͰ΋ྑ͍͕ɺ snake => camelͷม׵΍JOIN͠ ͨεΩʔϚ͕ͦͷ··ݟ͑ͯΔͷ͸ NGɻɻɻ

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ྫ2: N+1 Query API

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#'' .JDSP4FSWJDF .JDSP4FSWJDF .JDSP4FSWJDF (&5VTFST RGPP JEͷϦετ͚ͩฦΔ \ JE< > ^

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#'' .JDSP4FSWJDF .JDSP4FSWJDF .JDSP4FSWJDF JE͔ΒৄࡉΛऔΔʢ˞/ճ"1*Λ࣮ߦ͍ͯ͠Δɻʣ (&5VTFST (&5VTFST (&5VTFST (&5VTFST (&5VTFST

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#'' .JDSP4FSWJDF .JDSP4FSWJDF .JDSP4FSWJDF JET< > /ճΫΤϦʔ౤͛ͯΔɻɻɻɻ VTFS\ JE OBNFCBS ^ VTFS\ JE OBNFCBS ^ VTFS\ JE OBNFCBS ^ VTFS\ JE OBNFCBS ^ VTFS\ JE OBNFCBS ^ VTFS\ JE OBNFGPP ^

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ϚΠΫϩαʔϏε͔ͩΒͱ͍ͬͯ APIΛ؆ૉʹ͍͍ͯ͠༁͡Όͳ͍ɻ ݁Ռ:1ϖʔδදࣔ͢Δͷʹ3secͱ ͔͔͔Δ

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શ෦ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯΛͪΌ Μͱऔͬͯͳ͍͔Βى͖Δ • όοΫΤϯυ͸BFF͔ͩΒͱݴͬͯϏδωεϩ δοΫ͸αʔόαΠυʹ͋ΔͷΛ๨Εͳ͍Ͱཉ͠ ͍ʢαϘΒͳ͍Ͱ͘Εʣ • ϑϩϯτΤϯυ͸Ͳ͏͍͏API͕΄͍͠ͷ͔ͪΌ ΜͱόοΫΤϯυʹཁٻ͢ΔΑ͏ʹͯ͠ཉ͍͠ ʢΩϟϝϧ͕ཉ͍͠ͱ͔͜͜͸arrayͰ΄͍͠ͱ͔ ͸ͪ͜ΒଆͰͪΌΜͱݴ͏΂͖ʣ

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શ෦ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯΛͪΌ Μͱऔͬͯͳ͍͔Βى͖Δ • όοΫΤϯυ͸BFF͔ͩΒͱݴͬͯϏδωεϩ δοΫ͸αʔόαΠυʹ͋ΔͷΛ๨Εͳ͍Ͱ ཉ͍͠ • ϑϩϯτΤϯυ͸Ͳ͏͍͏API͕΄͍͠ͷ͔ ͪΌΜͱόοΫΤϯυʹཁٻ͢ΔΑ͏ʹͯ͠ ཉ͍͠ ΞʔΩςΫνϟ͸ૄͰ΋ؔ܎͸ର౳Ͱ͋Γɺ ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯ͸ີͰͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍

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๻Β͸Ͳ͏ͯ͠Δ͔

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๻Β͸Ͳ͏ͯ͠Δ͔

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ϑϩϯτΤϯυͱόοΫΤϯ υͷର࿩͢ΔͨΊͷϞοΫαʔ όΛ࡞Γɺ౎౓ೝࣝᴥᴪΛੜ ·ͳ͍Α͏ʹ͍ͯ͘͠ɻ

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ϑϩϯτΤϯυͱόοΫΤϯ υͷର࿩͢ΔͨΊͷϞοΫαʔ όΛ࡞Γɺ౎౓ೝࣝᴥᴪΛੜ ·ͳ͍Α͏ʹ͍ͯ͘͠ɻ

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DEMO

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͞Βʹ࠷ۙͰ͸ Mock Λॻ͍ ͨΒ Swagger Λੜ੒͢Δࣄ ͰAPI docs΋ࣗಈੜ੒͢Δ࢓ ૊ΈΛ։ൃத

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DEMO

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BFFΞϯνύλʔϯ ͦͷ2 ΠϯϑϥϨεϙϯγϏϦςΟ

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BFF͸ϑϩϯτΤϯυͷͨΊͷαʔ όͳͷʹɺΠϯϑϥɾӡ༻͸όοΫ Τϯυʹԡ͠෇͚ͯ͠·͏έʔε

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Πϯϑϥɾӡ༻ #SPXTFS #'' .JDSP4FSWJDF .JDSP4FSWJDF .JDSP4FSWJDF ͦ΋ͦ΋͜ͷαʔό͸୭͕ ݟΔͷʁϑϩϯτʁόοΫ Τϯυʁ

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Πϯϑϥɾӡ༻ #SPXTFS #'' .JDSP4FSWJDF .JDSP4FSWJDF .JDSP4FSWJDF ৽͍͠΋ͷΛ࡞Δͷʹӡ༻ ͸όοΫΤϯυ೚ͤʁ

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A. શһ

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Πϯϑϥɾӡ༻ • ӡ༻ͳΜͯͲ͔͚͕ͬͪͩ͢ΔΑ͏ͳ΋Μ͡Όͳ ͍ • ϑϩϯτ͸։ൃ͢ΔͳΒαʔϏεͷো֐ʹ͸හײ ʹͳΔ΂͖ͩ͠ɺམͪͨΓͨ͠ΒݟΕΔΑ͏ʹͳ Δ΂͖ • όοΫΤϯυ͸ϑϩϯτͷίʔυ͕Θ͔Βͳ͍͔ Βͱݴͬͯܟԕͪ͠Ό͍͚ͳ͍

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Πϯϑϥɾӡ༻ • ӡ༻ͳΜͯͲ͔͚͕ͬͪͩ͢ΔΑ͏ͳ΋Μ͡Όͳ ͍ • ϑϩϯτ͸։ൃ͢ΔͳΒαʔϏεͷো֐ʹ͸හײ ʹͳΔ΂͖ͩ͠ɺམͪͨΓͨ͠ΒݟΕΔΑ͏ʹͳ Δ΂͖ • όοΫΤϯυ͸ϑϩϯτͷίʔυ͕Θ͔Βͳ͍͔ Βͱݴͬͯܟԕͪ͠Ό͍͚ͳ͍ ϑϩϯτΤϯυͱόοΫΤϯυʹ෼͚͔ͨΒͱݴͬͯαʔ Ϗε͸ҰͭɻαʔϏεͷ඼࣭Λ্͛Δͷ͸શһ໺ٿ

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BFFΞϯνύλʔϯ ͦͷ3 ϏοάόϯδϣΠϯτ

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࠷ޙͷ࠷ޙʹͳ͔ͬͯΒόοΫΤϯ υͱϑϩϯτΤϯυΛ݁߹͢Δͱ େମࢮ͵

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Πϯϑϥɾӡ༻ #SPXTFS #'' .JDSP4FSWJDF .JDSP4FSWJDF .JDSP4FSWJDF ϑϩϯτΤϯυ͸NPDL"1* Ͱಈ͍ͯΔΑ͏ʹͳ͖ͬͯ ͨɻ

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Πϯϑϥɾӡ༻ #SPXTFS #'' .JDSP4FSWJDF .JDSP4FSWJDF .JDSP4FSWJDF όοΫΤϯυ΋૝ఆ͍ͯ͠ ΔϦΫΤετ͸ύε͢ΔΑ ͏ʹͳͬͨɻ

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ظؒ΋͋ͱͪΐͬͱɺ࠷ޙͷ࠷ޙʹ ݁߹ͩʂʂʂʂ

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ʊਓਓਓਓਓਓʊ ʼɹ౰વͷࢮɹʻ ʉ^Y^Y^Y^Y^ʉ

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ϏοάόϯδϣΠϯτ • ઈରʹAPIͷϦΫΤετɾϨεϙϯε͸૝ఆ௨ Γ͡Όͳ͍ɻ • ࣮֬ʹ૝ఆ֎ͷ໰୊͸ى͖Δɻ • ϦΫΤετͷܕ͕string, integer, Ϩεϙϯεͷ status code͕ҧ͏ etc

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๻Β͸Ͳ͏ͯ͠Δ͔

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+ Proxy

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ग़དྷ͍ͯΔͱ͜Ζ͔Βঃʑʹ ຊ෺ʹ͍ͯ͘͠ #SPXTFS #'' 3FBM.JDSP4FSWJDF .PDL 'BLF .PDL 'BLF

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ग़དྷ͍ͯΔͱ͜Ζ͔Βঃʑʹ ຊ෺ʹ͍ͯ͘͠ #SPXTFS #'' 3FBM.JDSP4FSWJDF .PDL 'BLF .PDL 'BLF ͋Δఔ౓ϑϩϯτઌߦͯ͠ɺը໘Λঃʑʹຊ෺ʹ͍ͯ͠ ͘ελΠϧɻͦ͏͢Δͱاըʹ΋ಈ͖Λ఻͑΍͍͢

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·ͱΊ

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·ͱΊ • BFFͱ͸ • Backends For Frontends • ϑϩϯτΤϯυͷͨΊͷαʔό • ར༻ྫ: API ू໿, Server Side Rendering, WebSocket, File Upload, Session Management

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·ͱΊ • BFF ʹ͸Ξϯνύλʔϯ΋͋Δ • εύʔείϛϡχέʔγϣϯʢίϛϡχέʔγϣϯ͕ૄ͔ʹͳΔέʔεʣ • ΞʔΩςΫνϟ͸ૄʹͯ͠΋Α͍͕ɺίϛϡχέʔγϣϯ͸ૄʹͯ͠͸ ͍͚ͳ͍ • ΠϯϑϥϨεϙϯγϏϦςΟʢΠϯϑϥͷ੹຿Λ࣋ͭʣ • ΠϯϑϥΛݟΔͷ͸όοΫΤϯυ͚ͩʹ͋ΒͣɺશһͰݟΔඞཁ͕͋Δ • ϏοάόϯδϣΠϯτʢ࠷ޙͷ࠷ޙʹͳ͔ͬͯΒ݁߹ςετʣ • ࠷ޙͷ࠷ޙʹ݁߹ɻͰ͸ͳ͘ग़དྷ্͕Γ࣍ୈɺঃʑʹ݁߹͍ͯ͘͠

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·ͱΊ • DevOps͕Dev/Ops͡Όͳͯ͘DevὑOpsͷΑ ͏ʹ • ϑϩϯτΤϯυ/όοΫΤϯυͰ͸ͳ͘ɺ • ϑϩϯτΤϯυὑόοΫΤϯυ • BFF ͸ Backend For Frontend Ͱ͸ͳ͘ɺ

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·ͱΊ • DevOps͕Dev/Ops͡Όͳͯ͘DevὑOpsͷΑ ͏ʹ • ϑϩϯτΤϯυ/όοΫΤϯυͰ͸ͳ͘ɺ • ϑϩϯτΤϯυὑόοΫΤϯυ • BFF ͸ Backend For Frontend Ͱ͸ͳ͘ɺ #FTU'SJFOE'PSFWFSͰ΋͋Γ·͢Α͏ʹɻ