INTRODUCTION TO PERL 6 NATIVE CALL 2016-07-29 @Kichijoji.pm GitHub: @yowcow Twitter: @beaconsco 

WHO I AM My name is Yoko Oyama Have GitHub @yowcow Work for Marketing Applications, Inc. 

Recently created Perl 6 modules: D i g e s t : : M u r m u r H a s h 3 Murmurhash3 hashing for Perl 6 Uses native call! A l g o r i t h m : : B l o o m F i l t e r A bloom lter implementation with murmurhash3 hashing 

THINGS TO BE DISCUSSED Perl 6 Native library call Compiling and building a native library Types in native call Pitfalls Creating a module with native call Why C now? 

PERL 6 

Perl 6 -- Many new features greatly advance our tradition of expressive and feature-rich programming http://perl6.org/ 

CHARACTERISTICS Object-oriented programming including generics, roles and multiple dispatch Functional programming primitives, lazy and eager list evaluation, junctions, autothreading and hyperoperators (vector operators) Parallelism, concurrency, and asynchrony including multi-core support De nable grammars for pattern matching and generalized string processing Optional and gradual typing 

INSTALLATION http://perl6.org/downloads/ or through https://github.com/tadzik/rakudobrew 

u s e v 6 ; u s e T e s t ; c l a s s M y C l a s s { o u r s u b a d d - a l l ( * @ n u m b e r s ) r e t u r n s I n t { [ + ] @ n u m b e r s ; } } m y I n t $ n u m b e r = 1 ; i s M y C l a s s : : a d d - a l l ( $ n u m b e r , 2 , 3 ) , 6 , ' 1 + 2 + 3 i s 6 ' ; d o n e - t e s t i n g ; 

NATIVE LIBRARY CALL 

Native libraries are -- -- platform-speci c library les, including . d l l , . s o Something reusable, and compiled down into platform- speci c machine code. Ref: http://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSAW57_8.0.0/com.ibm.websphere.nd.doc/info/ae/ae/tc 

In Perl 6, we can call C library through N a t i v e C a l l . https://docs.perl6.org/language/nativecall 

libhoge.c # i n c l u d e < s t d i n t . h > u i n t 3 2 _ t a d d _ u i n t 3 2 ( u i n t 3 2 _ t a , u i n t 3 2 _ t b ) { r e t u r n a + b ; } MyHoge.pm6 u s e v 6 ; u s e N a t i v e C a l l ; u n i t m o d u l e M y H o g e ; o u r s u b a d d ( u i n t 3 2 , u i n t 3 2 ) r e t u r n s u i n t 3 2 i s n a t i v e ( ' . / l i b h o g e . s o ' ) i s s y m b o l ( ' a d d _ u i n t 3 2 ' ) { * } 

COMPILING AND BUILDING A NATIVE LIBRARY 

CREATE A SHARED OBJECT WITH GCC Compile C code into object le g c c - O 2 - f P I C - c l i b h o g e . c - o l i b h o g e . o Link object into executable le g c c - O 2 - f P I C - s h a r e d l i b h o g e . o - o l i b h o g e . s o 

GCC OPTIONS IN USE - O 2 : Optimize - f P I C : Create "Position Independent Code" - c : No linking - o : Output le - s h a r e d : Create shared object 

TEST NATIVE CALL FROM PERL 6 test.p6 u s e v 6 ; u s e M y H o g e ; u s e T e s t ; i s M y H o g e : : a d d ( 1 , 2 ) , 3 , ' 1 + 2 i s 3 ' ; d o n e - t e s t i n g ; Run test: p r o v e - e " p e r l 6 - I . " t e s t . p 6 t e s t . p 6 . . o k A l l t e s t s s u c c e s s f u l . F i l e s = 1 , T e s t s = 1 , 0 w a l l c l o c k s e c s ( 0 . 0 1 u s r 0 . 0 1 s y s + 0 . 4 6 c u s r 0 . 0 5 R e s u l t : P A S S 

AUTOMATION WITH MAKEFILE Create a Make le like: . P H O N Y : t e s t c l e a n C F L A G S = - f P I C - O 2 a l l : l i b h o g e . s o l i b h o g e . s o : l i b h o g e . o $ ( C C ) $ ( C F L A G S ) - s h a r e d l i b h o g e . o - o $ @ l i b h o g e . o : l i b h o g e . c $ ( C C ) $ ( C F L A G S ) - c l i b h o g e . c - o $ @ t e s t : l i b h o g e . s o p r o v e - e " p e r l 6 - I . " t e s t . p 6 c l e a n : - r m l i b h o g e . o l i b h o g e . s o and do: m a k e & & m a k e t e s t & & m a k e c l e a n 

TYPES IN NATIVE CALL 

AVAILABLE TYPES Ref: https://docs.perl6.org/language/nativecall#Passing_and_Returning_Values 

STATIC TYPING When using native call... Explicitly declare variable types Pass a variable as a speci c type into C library Interpret what C library returns as a speci c type 

ARRAYS Use class C A r r a y [ t y p e ] for C array. i n t 3 2 _ t a d d _ a l l ( i n t 3 2 _ t n u m b e r s [ ] , u i n t 3 2 _ t s i z e ) { u i n t 3 2 _ t i ; i n t 3 2 _ t s u m = 0 ; f o r ( i = 0 ; i < s i z e ; i + + ) { s u m + = n u m b e r s [ i ] ; } r e t u r n s u m ; } s u b a d d - a l l ( C A r r a y [ i n t 3 2 ] , u i n t 3 2 ) r e t u r n s i n t 3 2 i s n a t i v e ( ' . / l i b h o g e . s o ' ) i s s y m b o l ( ' a d d _ a l l ' ) { * } m y @ n u m b e r s : = C A r r a y [ u i n t 3 2 ] . n e w ; @ n u m b e r s [ 0 ] = 1 ; @ n u m b e r s [ 1 ] = 2 ; @ n u m b e r s [ 3 ] = 3 ; i s a d d - a l l ( @ n u m b e r s , @ n u m b e r s . e l e m s ) , 6 ; 

STRUCT t y p e d e f s t r u c t p e r s o n { u i n t 3 2 _ t i d ; c h a r * n a m e ; } P e r s o n ; P e r s o n * P e r s o n _ c r e a t e ( u i n t 3 2 _ t i d , c h a r * n a m e ) { P e r s o n * p = m a l l o c ( s i z e o f ( P e r s o n ) ) ; p - > i d = i d ; p - > n a m e = n a m e ; r e t u r n p ; } 

Use type C S t r u c t for struct object. c l a s s P e r s o n r e p r ( ' C S t r u c t ' ) { h a s u i n t 3 2 $ . i d ; h a s S t r $ . n a m e ; s u b c r e a t e ( u i n t 3 2 , S t r ) r e t u r n P e r s o n i s n a t i v e ( . / l i b h o g e . s o ' ) i s s y m b o l ( ' P e r s o n _ c r e a t e ' ) { * } m e t h o d n e w ( I n t : $ i d , S t r : $ n a m e ) { c r e a t e ( $ i d , $ n a m e ) } } m y P e r s o n $ p = P e r s o n . n e w ( i d = > 1 2 3 , n a m e = > ' h o g e ' ) ; i s $ p . i d , 1 2 3 ; i s $ p . n a m e , ' h o g e ' ; 

Memory is managed by Perl 6. When the last reference to a struct object goes away, GC will free the memory. Except when struct-based type is used. Object members are not in "containers" Assigning a value to a member will not work t y p e d e f s t r u c t l i n e { P o i n t * p 1 , P o i n t * p 2 } L i n e ; / / M u s t f r e e b y y o u r s e $ ! i d = 1 2 3 4 ; # C a n n o t a s s i g n t o a n i m m u t a b l e v a l u e 

PITFALLS 

USE BINDING : = FOR C-ARRAY Write either: m y @ a r r a y : = C A r r a y [ u i n t 3 2 ] . n e w ; or m y $ a r r a y = C A r r a y [ u i n t 3 2 ] . n e w ; and not m y @ a r r a y = C A r r a y [ u i n t 3 2 ] . n e w ; Ref https://docs.perl6.org/language/nativecall#Arrays 

UNSIGNED INT BECOMES SIGNED IN C-ARRAY Type u i n t 3 2 works for scalar... # i n c l u d e < s t d i n t . h > u i n t 3 2 _ t b i g _ u i n t 3 2 ( ) { r e t u r n s U I N T 3 2 _ M A X ; } u s e v 6 ; u s e N a t i v e C a l l ; s u b b i g _ u i n t 3 2 ( ) r e t u r n u i n t 3 2 i s n a t i v e ( ' . . . ' ) { * } s a y b i g _ u i n t 3 2 ( ) ; # 4 2 9 4 9 6 7 2 9 5 

But when it's CArray... v o i d b i g _ u i n t 3 2 _ a r r a y ( u i n t 3 2 _ t n u m b e r s [ ] ) { n u m b e r s [ 0 ] = U I N T 3 2 _ M A X ; } u s e N a t i v e C a l l ; s u b b i g _ u i n t 3 2 _ a r r a y ( C A r r a y [ u i n t 3 2 ] ) i s n a t i v e ( ' . . . ' ) { * } m y @ n u m : = C A r r a y [ u i n t 3 2 ] . n e w ; @ n u m [ 0 ] = 0 ; b i g _ u i n t 3 2 _ a r r a y ( @ n u m ) ; s a y @ n u m [ 0 ] ; # - 1 

What I did in D i g e s t : : M u r m u r H a s h 3 ... c o n s t a n t U I N T 3 2 _ M A X = 4 2 9 4 9 6 7 2 9 5 ; o u r s u b f i x - s i g n - b i t ( I n t : D $ v - - > I n t ) { $ v . s i g n = = - 1 ? ? $ v + 1 + U I N T 3 2 _ M A X ! ! $ v ; } 

CREATING A MODULE WITH NATIVE CALL 

Install App::Mi6 LibraryMake and see https://github.com/skaji/perl6-librarymake-example 

APP::MI6 Perl 5's Minilla-like module skelton generator, and builder Does basic M E T A 6 . j s o n management and build R E A D M E . m d from POD 

LIBRARYMAKE Helps compiling and building a native library Generates a M a k e f i l e from a template M a k e f i l e . i n Derives appropriate native library extension . s o , . d l l , or . d y l i b for a platform 

SEE ALSO Important information on module authoring Helpful tools when developing a module https://docs.perl6.org/language/modules#Distributing_Modu https://docs.perl6.org/language/modules-extra 

OTHER USEFUL RESOURCES 

LEARN C THE HARD WAY http://c.learncodethehardway.org/book/ 

K AND R BOOK The C Programming Language 

WHY C NOW? C language is old. Today, "Go" and other languages are taking its position. But C still brings us a good opportunity to learn. How programs are compiled, linked, and ran How memory is allocated, used, and freed How to resolve realworld problems with primitive functions and libraries 

WE ARE HIRING!!!1 "We" = Marketing Applications, Inc. 

(LEAD) IOS DEVELOPER Location: Tokyo Mission: To develop iOS apps, and iOS SDKs In marketing research eld Our Environment: Have iOS app deployed to TW, SG, and ID Global teams in JP, US, CN, KR, PH, SG, US, and GB English communication opportunities Unlimited free beer o ered on every Wednesdays If interested, contact me anytime. 

No content

END