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RESPONSIVE WEB TYPOGRAPHY Marko Dugonjić @markodugonjic ! Oxford, 2014

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@markodugonjic

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Creative Nights

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MENU — Variables Tools Experiments Process

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— THE PROBLEM —

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:/

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media queries flexible layouts flexible images Responsive Experience

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VARIABLES of the RESPONSIVE READING EXPERIENCE — reading distance viewport width (and height) content hierarchy information density pixel density device orientation screen aspect ratio

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NARROW WIDE BIG SMALL TIM BROWN h p://vimeo.com/56276418 FINE COARSE

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NARROW WIDE FINE COARSE BIG SMALL TIM BROWN h p://vimeo.com/56276418

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SMARTPHONES ! Close reading Small screen HiDPI screen Single column Low information density Variable orientation Many aspect ratios DESKTOPS ! Distant reading Large screen Coarse screen Multiple columns High information density Fixed orientation A few aspect ratios

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1 READING DISTANCE

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0,26mm 1,3mm 71cm 350cm

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Y X ?

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// concept code ! if (distance < 30) { body.className = 'close'; } ! if (distance > 30 && distance < 50) { body.className = 'medium'; } ! if (distance > 50) { body.className = 'far'; }

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* { margin: 0; padding: 0; } ! body { font-size: 100%; line-height: 1.5; } ! p { margin-bottom: 1.5em; /* = line-height */ ! max-width: 38em; /* 30–38em */ }

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2 VIEWPORT WIDTH

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Anything from 45 to 75 characters is widely regarded as a satisfactory length of line for a single-column page set in a serifed text face in a text size. The 66- character line (counting both le ers and spaces) is widely regarded as ideal. For multiple column work, a be er average is 40 to 50 characters. ! ROBERT BRINGHURST h p://webtypography.net/Rhythm_and_Proportion/Horizontal_Motion/2.1.2/ “

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ideal 66 max 75 min 45 < 40 chars screen width: 320px

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Breakpoints should not be dictated by devices, but by content. Let the content decide when to expand and then adjust your designs. ! JEREMY KEITH h p://www.lukew.com/ff/entry.asp?1393 “

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Breakpoints should not be dictated by devices*, but by content. Let the cont*ent decide when to expand and then adjust your designs. ! HAT TIP TRENT WALTON h p://trentwalton.com/2012/06/19/fluid-type/ “

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@media only screen and (min-width: 37.5em) { } /* 600px */ ! @media only screen and (min-width: 50em) { } /* 800px */ ! @media only screen and (min-width: 62.5em) { } /* 1000px */ LYZA GARDNER h p://blog.cloudfour.com/the-ems-have-it-proportional-media-queries- w/

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Line height for each breakpoint is adjusted according to the line length rendered at that breakpoint. Short line lengths require tighter line spacing, because the reader’s eye doesn’t have to travel much to reach the next line of text. As line length gets longer, more line spacing is required. Line height for each breakpoint is adjusted according to the line length rendered at that breakpoint. Short line lengths require tighter line spacing, because the reader’s eye doesn’t have to travel much to reach the next line of text. As line length gets longer, more line spacing is required. Line height for each breakpoint is adjusted according to the line length rendered at that breakpoint. Short line lengths require tighter line spacing, because the reader’s eye doesn’t have to travel much to reach the next line of text. As line length gets longer, more line spacing is required.

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Line height for each breakpoint is adjusted according to the line length rendered at that breakpoint. Short line lengths require tighter line spacing, because the reader’s eye doesn’t have to travel much to reach the next line of text. As line length gets longer, more line spacing is required. Line height for each breakpoint is adjusted according to the line length rendered at that breakpoint. Short line lengths require tighter line spacing, because the reader’s eye doesn’t have to travel much to reach the next line of text. As line length gets longer, more line spacing is required.

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Line height for each breakpoint is adjusted according to the line length rendered at that breakpoint. Short line lengths require tighter line spacing, because the reader’s eye doesn’t have to travel much to reach the next line of text. As line length gets longer, more line spacing is required. ! qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq dddddddddddddddddddddddddd Line height for each breakpoint is adjusted according to the line length rendered at that breakpoint. Short line lengths require tighter line spacing, because the reader’s eye doesn’t have to travel much to reach the next line of text. As line length gets longer, more line spacing is required. ! jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj jjjjjjjjj ŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠ q d j Š

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/* under 45 chars */ body { line-height: 1.4 } p { margin-bottom: 1.4em } ! /* 45–60 chars */ body { line-height: 1.45 } p { margin-bottom: 1.45em } ! /* 60–75 chars */ body { line-height: 1.5 } p { margin-bottom: 1.5em }

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/* vendor prefix omitted code */ ! body { background-image: linear-gradient(top, #fff 0, #fff 95%, #f00 95%, #f00 100%); ! background-repeat: repeat; background-size: 24px 24px; }

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/* short line lengths */ body { line-height: 1.4em; background-size: 100% 1.4em; } ! /* medium line lengths */ body { line-height: 1.45em; background-size: 100% 1.45em; } ! /* long line lengths */ body { line-height: 1.5em; background-size: 100% 1.5em; }

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Molten leading nicewebtype.com/notes/2012/02/03/molten-leading-or-fluid-line-height/

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$('p').moltenLeading({ minline: 1.4, maxline: 1.7 }); MAT MARQUIS h ps://github.com/Wilto/Molten-Leading

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LINE SPACE letter space, word spac, line space LETTER SPACE WORD SPACE LINE SPACE

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letter space, word spac, line space LETTER SPACE WORD SPACE LINE SPACE

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@media only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5) { p { /* font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; */ letter-spacing: .01em; word-spacing: .01em; } } ! /* vendor prefix omitted code */

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3 HIERARCHY

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w e b t y p o g r p h y T h a n k y o u f o r t h e l o v e l y i n t r o d u c t i o n , R a f a l ! P l e a s e g i v e a w a r m r o u n d o f a p p l a u s e t o t h e o r g a n i z e r s . L e t m e a s k y o u s o m e t h i n g … H a v e y o u e v e r s a v e d a n a r t i c l e w i t h t h e i n t e n t i o n t o r e a d i t l a t e r o n a m o b i l e d e v i c e i n t h e p a r k a s s u m i n g t h a t i t s r e s p o n s i v e w e b d e s i g n i s a l l i t t a k e s f o r t h e b e s t p o s s i b l e r e a d i n g e x p e r i e n c e ? H a v e y o u e v e r b e e n d i s a p p o i n t e d w h e n y o u r e a l i z e d t h a t a r t i c l e s o n m o b i l e a r e h a r d t o r e a d b e c a u s e o f t h e p o o r l y c h o s e n l e t t e r s i z e a n d l a y o u t t h a t a p p e a r t o b e d i s p r o p o r t i o n a l t o t h e s c r e e n ? S o , w h y i s t h i s h a p p e n i n g ? H o w d o s u c h , o t h e r w i s e b e a u t i f u l r e s p o n s i v e d e s i g n s , e n d u p b e i n g s o p o o r l y e x e c u t e d o n m o b i l e ? T h e a n s w e r i s i n f a c t q u i t e c l e a r — s u c h w e b s i t e s w e r e d e v e l o p e d o n t h e d e s k t o p c o m p u t e r , w i t h d e s k t o p r e a d i n g d i s t a n c e , w i t h a _ d e s k t o p d o w n _ , r a t h e r t h a n a _ m o b i l e u p _ a p p r o a c h . I t ’ s o b v i o u s t h a t t h e c o r e r e s p o n s i v e w e b d e s i g n a r s e n a l o f m e d i a q u e r i e s , f l e x i b l e l a y o u t s a n d f l e x i b l e i m a g e s i s n o t s u f f i c i e n t . w e b t y p o g r p h y a j s d h j a h s g d T h a n k y o u f o r t h e l o v e l y i n t r o d u c t i o n , R a f a l ! P l e a s e g i v e a w a r m r o u n d o f a p p l a u s e t o t h e o r g a n i z e r s . L e t m e a s k y o u s o m e t h i n g … H a v e y o u e v e r s a v e d a n a r t i c l e w i t h t h e i n t e n t i o n t o r e a d i t l a t e r o n a m o b i l e d e v i c e i n t h e p a r k a s s u m i n g t h a t i t s r e s p o n s i v e w e b d e s i g n i s a l l i t t a k e s f o r t h e b e s t p o s s i b l e r e a d i n g e x p e r i e n c e ? H a v e y o u e v e r b e e n d i s a p p o i n t e d w h e n y o u r e a l i z e d t h a t a r t i c l e s o n m o b i l e a r e h a r d t o r e a d b e c a u s e o f t h e p o o r l y c h o s e n l e t t e r s i z e a n d l a y o u t t h a t a p p e a r t o b e d i s p r o p o r t i o n a l t o t h e s c r e e n ? S o , w h y i s t h i s h a p p e n i n g ? H o w d o s u c h , o t h e r w i s e b e a u t i f u l r e s p o n s i v e d e s i g n s , e n d u p b e i n g s o p o o r l y e x e c u t e d o n m o b i l e ? T h e a n s w e r i s i n f a c t q u i t e c l e a r — s u c h w e b s i t e s w e r e d e v e l o p e d o n t h e d e s k t o p c o m p u t e r , w i t h d e s k t o p r e a d i n g d i s t a n c e , w i t h a _ d e s k t o p d o w n _ , r a t h e r t h a n a _ m o b i l e u p _ a p p r o a c h . I t ’ s o b v i o u s t h a t t h e c o r e r e s p o n s i v e w e b d e s i g n a r s e n a l o f m e d i a q u e r i e s , f l e x i b l e l a y o u t s a n d f l e x i b l e i m a g e s i s n o t s u f f i c i e n t . # # M A N Y M O R E V A R I A B L E S A p a r t f r o m t h e o b v i o u s v a r i a b l e s — v i e w p o r t w i d t h a n d v i e w p o r t h e i g h t — t h e r e a r e o t h e r s , s u c h a s r e a d i n g d i s t a n c e , p i x e l d e n s i t y ( o r s c r e e n c r u d e n e s s ) , d e v i c e o r i e n t a t i o n a n d v i e w p o r t a s p e c t r a t i o , b u t a l s o t h e c o n t e n t h i e r a r c h y a n d i n f o r m a t i o n d e n s i t y . B e f o r e I e l a b o r a t e e a c h , l e t m e b r i e f l y e x p l a i n t h e r u l e s o f t h e p a r a g r a p h . # # # R e a d i n g d i s t a n c e T h e r e a r e t h r e e w h i t e s p a c e s i n s i d e t h e p a r a g r a p h t h a t a r e i n t e r d e p e n d e n t — t h e l e t t e r s p a c e , t h e w o r d s p a c e a n d t h e l i n e s p a c e . I f a n y o f t h e t h r e e i s c h a n g e d , a l l t h e o t h e r s s h o u l d b e r e a s s e s s e d , t o o . B y p r e s e r v i n g t h e w h i t e s p a c e h i e r a r c h y , w e c a n

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/* short reading distance */ p { font-size: 1rem; /* 16px */ } h3 { font-size: 1.125rem; /* 18px */ } h2 { font-size: 1.312rem; /* 21px */ } h1 { font-size: 1.5rem; /* 24px */ } ! /* medium reading distance */ p { font-size: 1.125rem; /* 18px */ } h3 { font-size: 1.312rem; /* 21px */ } h2 { font-size: 1.5rem; /* 24px */ } h1 { font-size: 2.25rem; /* 36px */ } ! /* long reading distance */ p { font-size: 1.312rem; /* 21px */ } h3 { font-size: 1.5rem; /* 24px */ } h2 { font-size: 2.25rem; /* 36px */ } h1 { font-size: 3rem; /* 48px */ }

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h p://www.modularscale.com

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STYLE OPTIONS ! ! ALL CAPS SUBHEAD H2 ! SMALL CAPS SUBHEAD H3 ! Italic Subhead H4

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SUBHEAD ONE Subhead Two SUBHEAD THREE On the opposite side, instead of progressively increasing font size for each heading level, especially as we now have such a vast selection of web fonts available and fonts are rendered with much more detail than before, we can use italics, small caps and all caps at the same letter size to establish text hierarchy. Add bolds into the mix, and you have a palette of at least

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/* alternative small caps rules */ ! h3 { font-family: small-caps-typeface; text-transform: lowercase; } h3 { font-feature-settings: "smcp"; /* OpenType */ text-transform: lowercase; } h3 { font-weight: 500; /* if the weight exists */ font-size: 80%; /* give or take */ text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .125em; }

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Se ing Subheads with CSS h p://blog.typekit.com/2013/07/25/se ing-subheads-with-css/

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h p://webdesign.maratz.com/lab/subheads/

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4 INFORMATION DENSITY

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1 1 2 1 2

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R e s p o n s i v e W e b T y p o g r a p h y T h a n k y o u f o r t h e l o v e l y i n t r o d u c t i o n , R a f a l ! P l e a s e g i v e a w a r m r o u n d o f a p p l a u s e t o t h e o r g a n i z e r s . R e s p o n s i v e W e b T y p o g r a p h y T h a n k y o u f o r t h e l o v e l y i n t r o d u c t i o n , R a f a l ! P l e a s e g i v e a w a r m r o u n d o f a p p l a u s e t o t h e o r g a n i z e r s . L e t m e a s k y o u s o m e t h i n g … H a v e y o u e v e r s a v e d a n a r t i c l e w i t h t h e i n t e n t i o n t o r e a d i t l a t e r o n a m o b i l e d e v i c e i n t h e p a r k a s s u m i n g t h a t i t s r e s p o n s i v e w e b d e s i g n i s a l l i t t a k e s f o r t h e b e s t p o s s i b l e r e a d i n g e x p e r i e n c e ? H a v e y o u e v e r b e e n d i s a p p o i n t e d w h e n y o u r e a l i z e d t h a t a r t i c l e s o n m o b i l e org izers izer izmn kjla9 jsf lkfo jfa R e s p o n s i v e W e b T y p o g r a p h y T h a n k y o u f o r t h e l o v e l y i n t r o d u c t i o n , R a f a l ! P l e a s e g i v e a w a r m r o u n d o f a p p l a u s e t o t h e o r g a n i z e r s . L e t m e a s k y o u s o m e t h i n g … H a v e y o u e v e r s a v e d a n a r t i c l e w i t h t h e i n t e n t i o n t o r e a d i t l a t e r o n a m o b i l e d e v i c e i n t h e p a r k a s s u m i n g t h a t i t s r e s p o n s i v e w e b d e s i g n i s a l l i t t a k e s f o r t h e b e s t p o s s i b l e r e a d i n g e x p e r i e n c e ? H a v e y o u e v e r b e e n d i s a p p o i n t e d w h e n y o u r e a l i z e d t h a t a r t i c l e s o n m o b i l e a r e h a r d t o r e a d b e c a u s e o f t h e p o o r l y c h o s e n l e t t e r s i z e a n d l a y o u t t h a t a p p e a r t o b e d i s p r o p o r t i o n a l t o t h e s c r e e n ? S o , w h y i s t h i s h a p p e n i n g ? H o w d o s u c h , o t h e r w i s e b e a u t i f u l r e s p o n s i v e d e s i g n s , e n d u p b e i n g s o p o o r l y e x e c u t e d o n m o b i l e ? T h e a n s w e r i s i n f a c t q u i t e c l e a r — s u c h w e b s i t e s w e r e d e v e l o p e d o n 1 1 2 1 2 organizersj hjhgorganiz ersorga organizersj hjhgorganiz ersorga organizersj hjhgorganiz ersorga organizersj hjhgorganiz ersorga organizersj hjhgorganiz ersorga organizersj hjhgorganiz ersorga organizersj hjhgorganiz ersorga

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LESS INFORMATION ! – style variations – indented paragraphs – white space MORE INFORMATION ! – typographic scale – block paragraphs – graphic elements

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5 PIXEL DENSITY

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h p://www.fontbureau.com/ReadingEdge/

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h p://www.typonine.com

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iA ALL, EXCEPT RETINA RETINA LANDSCAPE RETINA PORTRAIT h p://ia.net/blog/responsive-typography/

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@font-face { font-family: 'Typeface Name'; src: url('Grade-A.woff') format('woff'); } @media ... and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5) { @font-face { font-family: 'Typeface Name'; src: url('Grade-B.woff') format('woff'); } } @media ... and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5) and (orientation: portrait) { @font-face { font-family: 'Typeface Name'; src: url('Grade-C.woff') format('woff'); } }

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Comprehensive list of graded fonts h p://typophile.com/node/81483

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6 DEVICE ORIENTATION

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HEY, HANDSOME! HOW YOU DOIN’? HEY, HANDSOME! HOW YOU DOIN’?

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HEY, HANDSOME! HOW YOU DOIN’? HEY, HANDSOME! HOW YOU DOIN’?

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HEY, HANDSOME! HOW YOU DOIN’? HEY, HANDSOME! HOW YOU DOIN’?

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HEY, HANDSOME! HOW YOU DOIN’? HEY, HANDSOME! HOW YOU DOIN’?

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HEY, HANDSOME! HOW YOU DOIN’? HEY, HANDSOME! HOW YOU DOIN’?

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HEY, HANDSOME! HOW YOU DOIN’? HEY, HANDSOME! HOW YOU DOIN’?

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HEY, HANDSOME! HOW YOU DOIN’? HEY, HANDSOME! HOW YOU DOIN’?

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HANDSOME! HANDSOME!

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/* Illustration purpose code */ ! @media ... and (orientation: portrait) { h1 { font-family: 'Typeface Width Variant'; letter-spacing: -.1em; } } ! @media ... and (orientation: landscape) { h1 { font-family: 'Typeface Width Variant'; letter-spacing: .1em; } }

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! ! – DIN – Franklin Gothic – Frutiger – Futura – Georgia Pro – Gill Sans – Helvetica – JAF Bernino ! ! – Minion Pro – Myriad Pro – Nimbus Sans – Open Sans – Proxima Nova – Roboto – Univers – … WEB FONTS available in multiple widths:

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7 SCREEN ASPECT RATIO

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h p://bradfrost.github.io/this-is-responsive/index.html

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— ALMOST DONE —

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reading distance width and height content hierarchy information density pixel density device orientation screen aspect ratio

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! ! – reading distance – screen width – content hierarchy – information density – pixel density – device orientation – screen aspect ratio ! ! – device – environment – time – activity – individual – location – social CONTEXT IS MULTIFACETED CENNYDD BOWLES h p://www.cennydd.co.uk/2013/designing-with-context

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THANKS! ! Marko Dugonjić @markodugonjic

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Credits ! Rhythm and Proportion, Robert Bringhurst, h p://webtypography.net/Rhythm_and_Proportion/Horizontal_Motion/2.1.2/ ! Inside Paragraphs, Cyrus Highsmith, h p://insideparagraphs.com ! Graded fonts, Typophile, h p://typophile.com/node/81483 ! Responsive Typography, The Basics, Information Architects, h p://informationarchitects.net/blog/responsive-typography-the-basics/ ! Wrist, Palm, Lap, Desk, Wall, Luke Wroblewski, h ps://twi er.com/lukew/status/273453112902172672 ! The EMs have it: Proportional Media Queries FTW!, Lyza Gardner, h p://blog.cloudfour.com/the-ems-have-it-proportional-media-queries- w/ ! Photo: Empty park bench h p://www.flickr.com/photos/jonasb/21755140/ ! Photo: Golden wedding h p://www.flickr.com/photos/crabchick/4056045781/