Comparing Native Java REST API Frameworks - Devoxx France 2022

Slide 1

Slide 1 text

Matt Raible | @mraible June 7, 2022 Native Java REST API Comparison Micronaut, Quarkus, Spring Boot, and Helidon Photo by Trish McGinity https://www.mcginityphoto.com/Portfolio/TravelandLeisure/France/i-V4VqtL5

Slide 2

Slide 2 text

@mraible Who is Matt Raible? Father, Husband, Skier, Mountain Biker, Whitewater Rafter Bus Lover Web Developer and Java Champion Okta Developer Advocate Blogger on raibledesigns.com and developer.okta.com/blog @mraible

Slide 3

Slide 3 text

No content

Slide 4

Slide 4 text

No content

Slide 5

Slide 5 text

No content

Slide 6

Slide 6 text

developer.okta.com

Slide 7

Slide 7 text

@mraible Today’s Agenda Why Java? Build { REST, GraphQL } APIs with Java Secure your APIs with OAuth 2.1 Build with Docker Go Native with GraalVM https://unsplash.com/photos/JsTmUnHdVYQ

Slide 8

Slide 8 text

@mraible Why Java? 25+ Years of use, abuse, and improvements Open Source code is available; many popular open source frameworks and tools Hugely Popular and widely used by many enterprises and web-scale companies

Slide 9

Slide 9 text

@mraible Download the Oracle builds of OpenJDK https://jdk.java.net/18 Or Eclipse builds from Adoptium https://adoptium.net Get Started with Java 18

Slide 10

Slide 10 text

@mraible Get Started with Java 18 Better yet, use SDKMAN! curl -s https://get.sdkman.io | bash   sdk install java 18-open

Slide 11

Slide 11 text

Java Releases and Features

Slide 12

Slide 12 text

https://developer.okta.com/blog/2020/01/09/java-rest-api-showdown Build REST APIs with Java

Slide 13

Slide 13 text

https://developer.okta.com/blog/2021/06/18/native-java-framework-comparison Build Native Java REST APIs

Slide 14

Slide 14 text

https://developer.okta.com/blog/2022/01/06/native-java-helidon Build REST APIs and Native Apps with Helidon

Slide 15

Slide 15 text

Serverless 💵 💸 https://unsplash.com/photos/glRqyWJgUeY

Slide 16

Slide 16 text

@mraible sdk install micronaut mn create-app com.okta.rest.app \ -b maven -f security-jwt -f micronaut-aot Get Started with Micronaut

Slide 17

Slide 17 text

https://micronaut.io/launch

Slide 18

Slide 18 text

package com.okta.rest.controller; import io.micronaut.http.MediaType; import io.micronaut.http.annotation.Controller; import io.micronaut.http.annotation.Get; import io.micronaut.http.annotation.Produces; import io.micronaut.security.annotation.Secured; import io.micronaut.security.rules.SecurityRule; import java.security.Principal; @Controller("/hello") public class HelloController { @Get @Secured(SecurityRule.IS_AUTHENTICATED) @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN) public String hello(Principal principal) { return "Hello, " + principal.getName() + "!"; } }

Slide 19

Slide 19 text

micronaut.security.enabled=true micronaut.security.token.jwt.enabled=true micronaut.security.token.jwt.signatures.jwks.okta.url= https://dev-133337.okta.com/oauth2/default/v1/keys Micronaut JWT Security

Slide 20

Slide 20 text

Slide 21

Slide 21 text

Install HTTPie (a better cURL) $ install httpie https://httpie.org

Slide 22

Slide 22 text

Test Micronaut with HTTPie https://httpie.org mvn mn:run http :8080/hello TOKEN=eyJraWQiOiJxOE1QMjFNNHZCVmxOSkxGbFFWNlN... http :8080/hello Authorization:"Bearer $TOKEN"

Slide 23

Slide 23 text

Verify Micronaut API with HTTPie

Slide 24

Slide 24 text

@mraible Get Started with Quarkus mvn io.quarkus:quarkus-maven-plugin:2.9.2.Final:create \ -DprojectGroupId=com.okta.rest \ -DprojectArtifactId=quarkus \ -DclassName="com.okta.rest.quarkus.HelloResource" \ -Dpath="/hello" \ -Dextensions="smallrye-jwt,resteasy-reactive"

Slide 25

Slide 25 text

https://code.quarkus.io

Slide 26

Slide 26 text

package com.okta.rest.quarkus; import io.quarkus.security.Authenticated; import javax.ws.rs.GET; import javax.ws.rs.Path; import javax.ws.rs.Produces; import javax.ws.rs.core.Context; import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType; import javax.ws.rs.core.SecurityContext; import java.security.Principal; @Path("/hello") public class HelloResource { @GET @Authenticated @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN) public String hello(@Context SecurityContext context) { Principal userPrincipal = context.getUserPrincipal(); return "Hello, " + userPrincipal.getName() + "!"; } }

Slide 27

Slide 27 text

mp.jwt.verify.publickey.location= https://dev-133337.okta.com/ oauth2/default/v1/keys mp.jwt.verify.issuer=https:// dev-133337.okta.com/oauth2/ default MicroProfile JWT Security https://www.eclipse.org/community/eclipse_newsletter/2017/september/article2.php

Slide 28

Slide 28 text

Slide 29

Slide 29 text

No content

Slide 30

Slide 30 text

Test Quarkus with HTTPie https://httpie.org mvn quarkus:dev http :8080/hello TOKEN=eyJraWQiOiJxOE1QMjFNNHZCVmxOSkxGbFFWNlN... http :8080/hello Authorization:"Bearer $TOKEN"

Slide 31

Slide 31 text

Verify Quarkus API with HTTPie

Slide 32

Slide 32 text

@mraible Get Started with Spring Boot http https://start.spring.io/starter.zip \ dependencies==web,oauth2-resource-server,native \ packageName==com.okta.rest \ name==spring-boot \ type==maven-project \ baseDir==spring-boot | tar -xzvf -

Slide 33

Slide 33 text

https://start.spring.io https://start.spring.io

Slide 34

Slide 34 text

package com.okta.rest.controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import java.security.Principal; @RestController public class HelloController { @GetMapping("/hello") public String hello(Principal principal) { return "Hello, " + principal.getName() + "!"; } }

Slide 35

Slide 35 text

@mraible Optimize Tomcat for Spring Native org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-web org.apache.tomcat.embed tomcat-embed-core org.apache.tomcat.embed tomcat-embed-websocket org.apache.tomcat.experimental tomcat-embed-programmatic ${tomcat.version}

Slide 36

Slide 36 text

Spring Security OAuth 2.0 Resource Server https://docs.spring.io/spring-security/reference/servlet/oauth2/resource-server okta.oauth2.issuer=https://dev-133337.okta.com/ oauth2/default

Slide 37

Slide 37 text

Test Spring Boot with HTTPie https://httpie.org mvn spring-boot:run http :8080/hello TOKEN=eyJraWQiOiJxOE1QMjFNNHZCVmxOSkxGbFFWNlN... http :8080/hello Authorization:"Bearer $TOKEN"

Slide 38

Slide 38 text

Verify Spring Boot API with HTTPie

Slide 39

Slide 39 text

@mraible Get Started with Helidon mvn -U archetype:generate -DinteractiveMode=false \ -DarchetypeGroupId=io.helidon.archetypes \ -DarchetypeArtifactId=helidon-quickstart-mp \ -DarchetypeVersion=2.5.0 \ -DgroupId=com.okta.rest \ -DartifactId=helidon \ -Dpackage=com.okta.rest

Slide 40

Slide 40 text

The Helidon CLI

Slide 41

Slide 41 text

import io.helidon.security.Principal; import io.helidon.security.SecurityContext; import javax.ws.rs.GET; import javax.ws.rs.Path; import javax.ws.rs.Produces; import javax.ws.rs.core.Context; import java.util.Optional; import static javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN; @Path("/hello") public class HelloResource { @GET @Produces(TEXT_PLAIN) public String hello(@Context SecurityContext context) { Optional userPrincipal = context.userPrincipal(); return "Hello, " + userPrincipal.get().getName() + "!"; } }

Slide 42

Slide 42 text

import com.okta.rest.controller.HelloResource; import org.eclipse.microprofile.auth.LoginConfig; import javax.enterprise.context.ApplicationScoped; import javax.ws.rs.core.Application; import java.util.Set; @LoginConfig(authMethod = "MP-JWT") @ApplicationScoped public class HelloApplication extends Application { @Override public Set> getClasses() { return Set.of(HelloResource.class); } }

Slide 43

Slide 43 text

MicroProfile JWT Security mp.jwt.verify.issuer=https://dev-133337.okta.com/oauth2/default mp.jwt.verify.publickey.location=${mp.jwt.verify.issuer}/v1/keys https://download.eclipse.org/microprofile/microprofile-jwt-auth-1.1.1/microprofile-jwt-auth-spec.html io.helidon.microprofile.jwt helidon-microprofile-jwt-auth

Slide 44

Slide 44 text

Test Helidon with HTTPie https://httpie.org mvn package && java -jar target/helidon.jar http :8080/hello TOKEN=eyJraWQiOiJxOE1QMjFNNHZCVmxOSkxGbFFWNlN... http :8080/hello Authorization:"Bearer $TOKEN"

Slide 45

Slide 45 text

Verify Helidon API with HTTPie

Slide 46

Slide 46 text

@mraible Startup Performance Milliseconds 0 300 600 900 1200 Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot Helidon 919 921 334 262 686 997 227 Dev Startup (mvn) Packaged Startup (java -jar)

Slide 47

Slide 47 text

@mraible What about GraphQL APIs? Why GraphQL? Does your favorite framework support GraphQL? Micronaut https://micronaut-projects.github.io/micronaut-graphql/latest/guide Quarkus https://quarkus.io/guides/smallrye-graphql Spring Boot https://spring.io/projects/spring-graphql Helidon https://helidon.io/docs/v2/#/mp/graphql/01_mp_graphql

Slide 48

Slide 48 text

@mraible Secure your API with OAuth 2.0 https://aaronparecki.com/2019/12/12/21/its-time-for-oauth-2-dot-1

Slide 49

Slide 49 text

@mraible Secure your API with OAuth 2.1 https://oauth.net/2.1 PKCE is required for all clients using the authorization code flow Redirect URIs must be compared using exact string matching The Implicit grant is omitted from this specification The Resource Owner Password Credentials grant is omitted from this specification Bearer token usage omits the use of bearer tokens in the query string of URIs Refresh tokens for public clients must either be sender-constrained or one-time use

Slide 50

Slide 50 text

@mraible Authenticate with OpenID Connect (OIDC) What is OpenID Connect? Does your favorite framework support OIDC authentication? Micronaut https://guides.micronaut.io/latest/micronaut-oauth2-okta.html Quarkus https://quarkus.io/guides/security-openid-connect-web-authentication Spring Boot https://docs.spring.io/spring-security/reference/servlet/oauth2/login Helidon https://helidon.io/docs/v2/#/mp/security/02_providers#_oidc_provider

Slide 51

Slide 51 text

What about testing?

Slide 52

Slide 52 text

@mraible Build with Docker Create a Dockerfile   FROM openjdk:18-alpine ARG JAR_FILE=target/*.jar COPY ${JAR_FILE} app.jar EXPOSE 8080 ENTRYPOINT ["java","-jar","/app.jar"]

Slide 53

Slide 53 text

@mraible Build with Docker Build your image docker build -t . Run your image docker run -it -p8080:8080

Slide 54

Slide 54 text

@mraible Build with Docker: Jib Get Jibby with it! mvn verify jib:build Or build directly to your Docker daemon mvn verify jib:dockerBuild https://github.com/GoogleContainerTools/jib

Slide 55

Slide 55 text

@mraible Build with Docker Micronaut uses Jib, but you must configure plugins Quarkus generates four Docker-related files Dockerfile.jvm Dockerfile.legacy-jar Dockerfile.native Dockerfile.native-micro Quarkus + Jib mvn quarkus:add-extension -Dextensions="container-image-jib"

Slide 56

Slide 56 text

@mraible Build with Docker Spring Boot 2.3+ has built-in support mvn spring-boot:build-image Uses layered JARs for faster builds dependencies snapshot-dependencies resources application https://spring.io/blog/2020/01/27/creating-docker-images-with-spring-boot-2-3-0-m1

Slide 57

Slide 57 text

@mraible Build with Docker Helidon generates three Docker-related files Dockerfile Dockerfile.jlink Dockerfile.native Helidon + Jib Not available

Slide 58

Slide 58 text

@mraible Use Micronaut CLI mn create-app ... mvn package -Dpackaging=native-image gradle nativeImage gradle dockerBuildNative Go Native with GraalVM and Micronaut https://docs.micronaut.io/latest/guide/#graal

Slide 59

Slide 59 text

@mraible Go Native with GraalVM and Quarkus Create an executable without GraalVM installed mvn package -Pnative -Dquarkus.native.container-build=true Then, build the image docker build -f src/main/docker/Dockerfile.native -t \ . And run it docker run -it -p8080:8080 https://quarkus.io/guides/building-native-image

Slide 60

Slide 60 text

@mraible Use start.spring.io to get plugins and profiles org.springframework.boot spring-boot-maven-plugin ${repackage.classifier} paketobuildpacks/builder:tiny true org.springframework.experimental spring-aot-maven-plugin ${spring-native.version} Go Native with GraalVM and Spring Boot

Slide 61

Slide 61 text

@mraible Go Native with GraalVM and Spring Boot Add milestone repositories to your pom.xml spring-milestones Spring Milestones https://repo.spring.io/milestone spring-milestones Spring Milestones https://repo.spring.io/milestone

Slide 62

Slide 62 text

@mraible Go Native with GraalVM and Spring Boot Add Spring Native dependency org.springframework.experimental spring-native 0.11.4 Build the native application mvn spring-boot:build-image

Slide 63

Slide 63 text

@mraible How we fixed the Okta Spring Boot Starter https://youtu.be/8vY-9tXlCW4

Slide 64

Slide 64 text

@mraible Build the image docker build -f Dockerfile.native -t . And run it docker run --rm -p8080:8080 Go Native with GraalVM and Helidon

Slide 65

Slide 65 text

@mraible Native Startup Performance Milliseconds 0 20 40 60 80 100 June 6, 2022 42.4 61 19.2 29.8 Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot Helidon

Slide 66

Slide 66 text

@mraible Native Memory Used (MB) Megabytes 0 25 50 75 100 June 6, 2022 62 62 36 59 Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot Helidon

Slide 67

Slide 67 text

@mraible Tests Run on a 2019 MacBook Pro

Slide 68

Slide 68 text

@mraible Demo Time! https://github.com/oktadev/native-java-examples

Slide 69

Slide 69 text

Community

Slide 70

Slide 70 text

@mraible Stack Overflow Tags 0 35,000 70,000 105,000 140,000 June 6, 2022 67 122,797 2,719 1,352 Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot Helidon

Slide 71

Slide 71 text

@mraible GitHub Stars 0 18,750 37,500 56,250 75,000 June 6, 2022 2,700 61,500 10,000 5,300 Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot Helidon

Slide 72

Slide 72 text

https://star-history.t9t.io/#micronaut-projects/micronaut-core&quarkusio/quarkus&spring-projects/spring-boot&oracle/helidon GitHub Star Growth

Slide 73

Slide 73 text

@mraible Jobs on Indeed (US) 0 10,000 20,000 June 6, 2022 16 13,696 188 187 Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot Helidon

Slide 74

Slide 74 text

@mraible Twitter Followers 0 25,000 50,000 75,000 100,000 June 6, 2022 3,712 88,300 15,000 11,800 Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot Helidon

Slide 75

Slide 75 text

Hot Web Frameworks https://hotframeworks.com

Slide 76

Slide 76 text

@mraible JHipster Support 🤓 Micronaut Blueprint - github.com/jhipster/generator-jhipster-micronaut - v1.0.2, 18 releases, 17 contributors, 385 commits // TODO: Micronaut 3, Reactive, Microservices, GraalVM native images Quarkus Blueprint - github.com/jhipster/generator-jhipster-quarkus - v2.0.0-beta.1, 6 releases, 16 contributors, 550 commits // TODO: Quarkus 2.9, Dev Services, Reactive, Microservices

Slide 77

Slide 77 text

https://developer.okta.com/blog/2021/01/20/reactive-java-microservices

Slide 78

Slide 78 text

https://developer.okta.com/blog/2020/08/17/micronaut-jhipster-heroku

Slide 79

Slide 79 text

https://developer.okta.com/blog/2021/03/08/jhipster-quarkus-oidc

Slide 80

Slide 80 text

What about M1 Max? https://twitter.com/mraible/status/1509371877348843525

Slide 81

Slide 81 text

@mraible 🏆 Quarkus provides the best DevEx, startup time, and memory usage 🚀 Micronaut is the easiest to use and has been since the beginning 🌱 Spring Boot has the strongest community, ecosystem, and growth 🔮 Helidon still has some catching up to do but has made great progress ⚡ Spring 6 could be a game changer My Thoughts

Slide 82

Slide 82 text

@mraible Action! New to Java? Try Spring Boot Know Spring? Trial migration paths Testing is important, invest early and often Design your apps with security in mind Use OpenID Connect and OAuth 2.1 https://unsplash.com/photos/JsTmUnHdVYQ

Slide 83

Slide 83 text

developer.okta.com/blog/tags/java @oktadev

Slide 84

Slide 84 text

git clone https://github.com/oktadeveloper/okta-spring-webflux-react- example.git https://github.com/oktadev/native-java-examples Use the Source, Luke!

Slide 85

Slide 85 text

Thanks! Keep in Touch raibledesigns.com @mraible Presentations speakerdeck.com/mraible Code github.com/oktadev developer.okta.com

Slide 86

Slide 86 text

developer.okta.com