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PHPͰΞΫλʔϞσϧΛཧղɾମݧ͠Α͏ Understand and experience the actor model in PHP phpcon okinawa 2024 yuuki takezawa a.k.a ytake

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Pro fi le • ஛ᖒ ༗و a.k.a ytake • ઍגࣜձࣾ CTO / ΄͔ٕज़ސ໰ʢωοτϓϩςΫγϣϯζͳͲʣ • Go / Scala / Kotlin / PHP • ΞΫλʔϞσϧେ޷͖

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A toolkit for fl exible actor models in PHP

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Phluxor

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Phluxor • Phluxor / Actor System • Phluxor Persistence / Event Sourcing etc.. • Phluxor Remote / Network (Experimental / WIP) • Phluxor Cluster / Virtual Actors (WIP)

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What is The Actor Model? • 1973೥ʹൃද͞Εͨฒߦܭࢉͷ਺ֶతϞσϧͷҰछ A type of mathematical model for concurrent computation introduced in 1973. • Erlang΍ScalaͳͲͰ͓ͳ͡Έ Well-known in languages like Erlang and Scala.

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What is The Actor Model? • ϝοηʔδΛ༻͍ͯ΍ΓऔΓΛߦ͏ Communication is performed using messages. • ΞΫλʔ Ϟσϧ͸ɺ͢΂͕ͯΞΫλʔ The actor model adopts the philosophy that everything is an actor.

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Actor Responsibilities • ΞΫλʔΛੜ੒͢Δ Create Another Actor • ϝοηʔδΛૹ৴͢Δ Send a Message • ϝοηʔδʹద༻͢Δಈ࡞Λߦ͏ Handle Message

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Internal State • No Share Memory • State Change -> Event, and Persistence • Immutable Message

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Actor Reference • ͢΂ͯͷΞΫλʔ͸ΞυϨεΛ࣋ͭ All actors have an address. • ͜ͷΞυϨε͸ϢχʔΫͰࣝผ͞ΕΔ This address is unique and identi fi able. • ૹ৴ݩ΍ૹ৴ઌΛܾΊΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ You can specify the sender and recipient.

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Actor Lifecycle • ͢΂ͯͷΞΫλʔ͸ϥΠϑαΠΫϧΛ࣋ͭ All actors have a lifecycle • ΞΫλʔͷఀࢭɺ࠶ىಈͳͲ including stopping, restarting, etc. • Կ΋ཁٻ͞Εͳ͍৔߹͸Կ΋͠ͳ͍ If nothing is requested of them, they do nothing.

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Hierarchy • ΞΫλʔ͸ΞΫλʔΛੜ੒Ͱ͖Δ Actors can create actors. • ਌ࢠؔ܎͕ܗ੒͞ΕΔ Parent-child relationships are formed. • ࢠΞΫλʔʹ࢓ࣄ͕ґཔͰ͖Δ You can assign tasks to child actors.

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Fault Tolerance • ਌ΞΫλʔ͕ࢠΞΫλʔΛ؂ಜɾ؅ཧ͢Δ੹຿Λ࣋ͭ Parent actors have the responsibility to supervise and manage child actors. • ਌ࢠؔ܎ʹͳ͍ΞΫλʔ΋؂ࢹ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ Actors that are not in a parent-child relationship can also be monitored.

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Fault Tolerance • ࣦഊ࣌ʹͲͷΑ͏ʹ෮چͤ͞Δ͔ΛࢦࣔͰ͖Δ You can instruct how to recover in case of failure. • ΞΫλʔͷো֐͸ଞʹ͸఻೻͠ͳ͍ Actor failures do not propagate to others.

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message(); switch (true) { case $message instanceof Hello: $ref = $context->spawn(Props::fromProducer(fn() => new ChildActor())); $context->send($ref, $message); break; case $message instanceof Terminated: $context->logger()->info('terminated', [ 'who' => $message->getWho()->getId(), 'why' => $message->getWhy(), ]); break; } } }

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message(); switch (true) { case $message instanceof Hello: $ref = $context->spawn(Props::fromProducer(fn() => new ChildActor())); $context->send($ref, $message); break; case $message instanceof Terminated: $context->logger()->info('terminated', [ 'who' => $message->getWho()->getId(), 'why' => $message->getWhy(), ]); break; } } } 1BSFOU"DUPS

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message(); switch (true) { case $message instanceof Hello: $ref = $context->spawn(Props::fromProducer(fn() => new ChildActor())); $context->send($ref, $message); break; case $message instanceof Terminated: $context->logger()->info('terminated', [ 'who' => $message->getWho()->getId(), 'why' => $message->getWhy(), ]); break; } } } $SFBUF$IJME "DUPS

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message(); switch (true) { case $message instanceof Restarting: $context->logger()->info('restarting...'); break; case $message instanceof Hello: $context->logger()->info('Hello ' . $message->name); $context->stop($context->self()); break; } } } $IJME"DUPS

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message(); switch (true) { case $message instanceof Restarting: $context->logger()->info('restarting...'); break; case $message instanceof Hello: $context->logger()->info('Hello ' . $message->name); $context->stop($context->self()); break; } } } 4UPQ4FMG

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message(); switch (true) { case $message instanceof Hello: $ref = $context->spawn(Props::fromProducer(fn() => new ChildActor())); $context->send($ref, $message); break; case $message instanceof Terminated: $context->logger()->info('terminated', [ 'who' => $message->getWho()->getId(), 'why' => $message->getWhy(), ]); break; } } } /PUJ fi DBUJPO GSPN$IJME

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Supervision

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message(); switch (true) { case $message instanceof Restarting: $context->logger()->info('restarting...'); break; case $message instanceof Hello: $context->logger()->info('Hello ' . $message->name); throw new \Exception('hi, I am an exception'); break; } } } UISPX&YDFQUJPO -FUJUDSBTI

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Auto Recovering / Restarting

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Supervision • OneForOneStrategy • AllForOneStrategy • ExponentialBackoffStrategy • RestartStrategy

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Phluxor

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Incarnate Actor Spawn

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ActorInterface • No Return / Only sending and receiving messages. • All actors have a receive method that receives a context. • All actors are asynchronous and independent.

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Spawning Actors • spawn method is used to create a child actor or root actor. • spawnNamed method is used to create a named actor. • spawnPre fi x method is used to create an actor with a pre fi x. • When an actor is spawned, Phluxor\ActorSystem\Ref is returned.

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use Phluxor\ActorSystem; use Phluxor\ActorSystem\Props; $system = ActorSystem::create(); $spawned = $system->root()->spawn( Props::fromProducer( fn() => new YourActor() ) ); 8IFODSFBUJOHDIJMEBDUPST UIFZBSFHFOFSBUFEGSPNUIFBDUPSDPOUFYU 5IFJOUFSGBDFJTUIFTBNFBTUIFSPPU

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$context->spawnNamed( Props::fromProducer( fn() => new YourChildActor() ), 'unique-name' ); $context->spawnPrefix( Props::fromProducer( fn() => new YourChildActor() ), 'prefix-' ); "TTJHOBOZOBNFUPUIFBDUPS *GZPVBSFVTJOHQFSTJTUFODF BTTJHOBVOJRVFTQFDJ fi DOBNFSBUIFSUIBOBSBOEPNPOF DSFBUFBOBDUPSXJUIBQSF fi Y

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Props • The Props are a con fi guration object used to create an actor. • Phluxor\ActorSystem\Props is a class that creates a Props object. • and more!!!!

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Props::fromProducer(fn() => new YourActor()) Props::fromFunction( new ActorSystem\Message\ReceiveFunction( fn( ActorSystem\Context\ContextInterface $context ) => $context->message() ) ); :PVDBOTQFDJGZBDMBTTUIBUJNQMFNFOUTUIF"DUPS*OUFSGBDF PSVTFBGVODUJPOTUZMF

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Props::fromProducer( fn() => new VoidActor(), ActorSystem\Props::withSupervisor( new ActorSystem\Strategy\OneForOneStrategy( 10, new \DateInterval('PT10S'), fn() => ActorSystem\Directive::Restart ) ) ); Props::fromProducer( fn() => new YourActor(), Props::withMailboxProducer(new ActorSystem\Mailbox\Unbounded()) ); :PVDBONPEJGZUIF.BJMCPY 5IFSFBSFPQUJPOTGPS#BUDI #PVOEFE BOE6OCPVOEFENBJMCPYFT :PVDBONPEJGZUIFTVQFSWJTPSTUSBUFHZ TJNJMBSUP"LLB 1FLLP PS1SPUP"DUPS

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Send Message • send is a non-blocking, fi re-and-forget • request is very similar to send, Only use it when request/reply communication is required between two actors. • Futures and promises

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$context->send($ref, new PrepareTest(['subject' => $msg->getSubject()]) ); $context->request($ref, new PrepareTest(['subject' => $msg->getSubject()]) ); $future = $context->requestFuture( $ref, new PrepareTest(['subject' => $msg->getSubject()]), 1 ); 5IFSFTVMUJTFYQFDUFEUPCFPCUBJOFEXJUIJOUIFTQFDJ fi FEUJNF *GOPU BOFSSPSXJMMCFSFUVSOFEBTUIFSFTVMU

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Try!

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https://github.com/ytake/phpcon- okinawa-example

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ֶߍͷςετྫ • ઌੜ͕ੜెʹରͯ͠ ͞Μ͢͏ͷςετΛ࣮ࢪ • ੜె͸ͦΕͧΕݸͱͯ͠໰୊Λղ͘ • ઌੜ͸ςετதʹݟकΔͳͲͷߦಈ • શͯ౴͑ͨΒςετ༻ࢴΛఏग़͢Δ

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example (the answer sheet • Class time begins • The teacher comes to the classroom • Test begins • Write your answers on the answer sheet. • Submit test answer sheets

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4UVEFOU"DUPS 4UVEFOU"DUPS 4UVEFOU"DUPS 4UVEFOU"DUPS 4UVEFOU"DUPS

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Notice! Actors Always Run Asyncronously It doesn't look like php? :)

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Classroom

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readonly class ClassroomActor implements ActorInterface { // omit public function receive(ContextInterface $context): void { $msg = $context->message(); switch (true) { case $msg instanceof StartsClass: $ref = $context->spawn( Props::fromProducer( fn() => new TeacherActor( $this->subject, $this->students, $context->self() ) ) ); $context->send($ref, new PrepareTest($msg->subject)); break; case $msg instanceof FinishTest: $context->send( $this->stream, new ClassFinished($msg->subject) ); \Swoole\Coroutine::sleep(0.1); $context->stop($context->self()); break; } } }

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readonly class ClassroomActor implements ActorInterface { // omit public function receive(ContextInterface $context): void { $msg = $context->message(); switch (true) { case $msg instanceof StartsClass: $ref = $context->spawn( Props::fromProducer( fn() => new TeacherActor( $this->subject, $this->students, $context->self() ) ) ); $context->send($ref, new PrepareTest($msg->subject)); break; case $msg instanceof FinishTest: $context->send( $this->stream, new ClassFinished($msg->subject) ); \Swoole\Coroutine::sleep(0.1); $context->stop($context->self()); break; } } } 'SPNSPPU

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readonly class ClassroomActor implements ActorInterface { // omit public function receive(ContextInterface $context): void { $msg = $context->message(); switch (true) { case $msg instanceof StartsClass: $ref = $context->spawn( Props::fromProducer( fn() => new TeacherActor( $this->subject, $this->students, $context->self() ) ) ); $context->send($ref, new PrepareTest($msg->subject)); break; case $msg instanceof FinishTest: $context->send( $this->stream, new ClassFinished($msg->subject) ); \Swoole\Coroutine::sleep(0.1); $context->stop($context->self()); break; } } } 4QBXO5FBDIFS

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readonly class ClassroomActor implements ActorInterface { // omit public function receive(ContextInterface $context): void { $msg = $context->message(); switch (true) { case $msg instanceof StartsClass: $ref = $context->spawn( Props::fromProducer( fn() => new TeacherActor( $this->subject, $this->students, $context->self() ) ) ); $context->send($ref, new PrepareTest($msg->subject)); break; case $msg instanceof FinishTest: $context->send( $this->stream, new ClassFinished($msg->subject) ); \Swoole\Coroutine::sleep(0.1); $context->stop($context->self()); break; } } } 4FOEBNFTTBHFUPZPVSUFBDIFS

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readonly class ClassroomActor implements ActorInterface { // omit public function receive(ContextInterface $context): void { $msg = $context->message(); switch (true) { case $msg instanceof StartsClass: $ref = $context->spawn( Props::fromProducer( fn() => new TeacherActor( $this->subject, $this->students, $context->self() ) ) ); $context->send($ref, new PrepareTest($msg->subject)); break; case $msg instanceof FinishTest: $context->send( $this->stream, new ClassFinished($msg->subject) ); \Swoole\Coroutine::sleep(0.1); $context->stop($context->self()); break; } } } 3FQMZUPUIFTQFDJ fi FEBDUPS 0ODFBMMTUVEFOUTIBWFDPNQMFUFEUIFUFTU

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readonly class ClassroomActor implements ActorInterface { // omit public function receive(ContextInterface $context): void { $msg = $context->message(); switch (true) { case $msg instanceof StartsClass: $ref = $context->spawn( Props::fromProducer( fn() => new TeacherActor( $this->subject, $this->students, $context->self() ) ) ); $context->send($ref, new PrepareTest($msg->subject)); break; case $msg instanceof FinishTest: $context->send( $this->stream, new ClassFinished($msg->subject) ); \Swoole\Coroutine::sleep(0.1); $context->stop($context->self()); break; } } } 4UPQBOESFMFBTFSFTPVSDFT

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Teacher

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class TeacherActor implements ActorInterface { // omit public function receive(ContextInterface $context): void { $msg = $context->message(); switch (true) { case $msg instanceof PrepareTest: $context->logger()->info( sprintf("Teacher has issued a %s test", $msg->subject) ); foreach ($this->students as $student) { $ref = $context->spawnNamed( Props::fromProducer(fn() => new StudentActor()), sprintf('student-%d', $student) ); $context->send($ref->getRef(), new StartTest($msg->subject)); } break; case $msg instanceof SubmitTest: $this->endOfTests[] = $msg; if (count($this->endOfTests) === count($this->students)) { $context->send($this->replyTo, new FinishTest($this->subject)); $context->poison($context->self()); } break; } } }

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class TeacherActor implements ActorInterface { // omit public function receive(ContextInterface $context): void { $msg = $context->message(); switch (true) { case $msg instanceof PrepareTest: $context->logger()->info( sprintf("Teacher has issued a %s test", $msg->subject) ); foreach ($this->students as $student) { $ref = $context->spawnNamed( Props::fromProducer(fn() => new StudentActor()), sprintf('student-%d', $student) ); $context->send($ref->getRef(), new StartTest($msg->subject)); } break; case $msg instanceof SubmitTest: $this->endOfTests[] = $msg; if (count($this->endOfTests) === count($this->students)) { $context->send($this->replyTo, new FinishTest($this->subject)); $context->poison($context->self()); } break; } } } 'SPN $MBTTSPPN

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class TeacherActor implements ActorInterface { // omit public function receive(ContextInterface $context): void { $msg = $context->message(); switch (true) { case $msg instanceof PrepareTest: $context->logger()->info( sprintf("Teacher has issued a %s test", $msg->subject) ); foreach ($this->students as $student) { $ref = $context->spawnNamed( Props::fromProducer(fn() => new StudentActor()), sprintf('student-%d', $student) ); $context->send($ref->getRef(), new StartTest($msg->subject)); } break; case $msg instanceof SubmitTest: $this->endOfTests[] = $msg; if (count($this->endOfTests) === count($this->students)) { $context->send($this->replyTo, new FinishTest($this->subject)); $context->poison($context->self()); } break; } } } 4QBXO4UVEFOUT 6OJRVF

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class TeacherActor implements ActorInterface { // omit public function receive(ContextInterface $context): void { $msg = $context->message(); switch (true) { case $msg instanceof PrepareTest: $context->logger()->info( sprintf("Teacher has issued a %s test", $msg->subject) ); foreach ($this->students as $student) { $ref = $context->spawnNamed( Props::fromProducer(fn() => new StudentActor()), sprintf('student-%d', $student) ); $context->send($ref->getRef(), new StartTest($msg->subject)); } break; case $msg instanceof SubmitTest: $this->endOfTests[] = $msg; if (count($this->endOfTests) === count($this->students)) { $context->send($this->replyTo, new FinishTest($this->subject)); $context->poison($context->self()); } break; } } } *OUFSOBM4UBUF$IBOHF 0ODFBMMTUVEFOUTIBWFDPNQMFUFEUIFUFTU 4UPQBOESFMFBTFSFTPVSDFT

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Student(s)

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class StudentActor implements ActorInterface { public function receive(ContextInterface $context): void { $msg = $context->message(); if ($msg instanceof StartTest) { sleep(random_int(1, 9)); $context->logger()->info( sprintf( '%s is submitting the answer to the %s test', $context->self(), $msg->subject ) ); $context->send( $context->parent(), new SubmitTest( $msg->subject, (string)$context->self(), ) ); $context->poison($context->self()); } } }

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class StudentActor implements ActorInterface { public function receive(ContextInterface $context): void { $msg = $context->message(); if ($msg instanceof StartTest) { sleep(random_int(1, 9)); $context->logger()->info( sprintf( '%s is submitting the answer to the %s test', $context->self(), $msg->subject ) ); $context->send( $context->parent(), new SubmitTest( $msg->subject, (string)$context->self(), ) ); $context->poison($context->self()); } } } 'SPN5FBDIFS

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class StudentActor implements ActorInterface { public function receive(ContextInterface $context): void { $msg = $context->message(); if ($msg instanceof StartTest) { sleep(random_int(1, 9)); $context->logger()->info( sprintf( '%s is submitting the answer to the %s test', $context->self(), $msg->subject ) ); $context->send( $context->parent(), new SubmitTest( $msg->subject, (string)$context->self(), ) ); $context->poison($context->self()); } } } 3BOEPNMZTFMFDUUIFUJNFUPBOTXFSUIFUFTU TT

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class StudentActor implements ActorInterface { public function receive(ContextInterface $context): void { $msg = $context->message(); if ($msg instanceof StartTest) { sleep(random_int(1, 9)); $context->logger()->info( sprintf( '%s is submitting the answer to the %s test', $context->self(), $msg->subject ) ); $context->send( $context->parent(), new SubmitTest( $msg->subject, (string)$context->self(), ) ); $context->poison($context->self()); } } } QBSFOU BSF 5FBDIFS"DUPS %POUGPSHFUUIBUJUTBIJFSBSDIJDBM

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class StudentActor implements ActorInterface { public function receive(ContextInterface $context): void { $msg = $context->message(); if ($msg instanceof StartTest) { sleep(random_int(1, 9)); $context->logger()->info( sprintf( '%s is submitting the answer to the %s test', $context->self(), $msg->subject ) ); $context->send( $context->parent(), new SubmitTest( $msg->subject, (string)$context->self(), ) ); $context->poison($context->self()); } } } 4UVEFOU/BNF 'PSFYBNQMF TUVEFOU TQBXO/BNFE 4UPQBOESFMFBTFSFTPVSDFT

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4UVEFOU"DUPS 4UVEFOU"DUPS 4UVEFOU"DUPS 4UVEFOU"DUPS 4UVEFOU"DUPS

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Example • Teacher -> Actor / Aggregate • Students -> Actor • Classroom -> Actor / Aggregate

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Training

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and more

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In closing • It's a somewhat different programming paradigm. • It's quite dif fi cult to understand just by listening, so please try it out yourself. • Once you understand it, you can apply it to your regular programming and modeling!

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͍͞͝ʹ • ϓϩάϥϛϯάύϥμΠϜ͕ͪΐͬͱҧ͏΋ͷ • ฉ͚ͩ͘Ͱ͸ͳ͔ͳ͔೉͍͠ͷͰɺͥͻ৮ͬͯΈ͍ͯͩ͘͞ • ཧղͰ͖ΔͱීஈͷϓϩάϥϛϯάɺϞσϦϯάʹ΋׆͔ͤΔʂ

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Welcome to the World of the Actor Model. Α͏ͦ͜ΞΫλʔϞσϧͷੈք΁