乗っ取れKubernetes！！~リスクから学ぶKubernetesセキュリティの考え方~/k8s-risk-and-security

by mochizuki875

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5SBDL$ !NPDIJ[VLJ ৐ͬऔΕ,VCFSOFUFTʂʂ ʙϦεΫ͔ΒֶͿ,VCFSOFUFTηΩϡϦςΟͷߟ͑ํʙ

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XIPBNJ !NPDIJ[VLJ 🌕,FJUB.PDIJ[VLJ ❤,VCFSOFUFT 🚨"GPY OPUBSBDDPPOEPH

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஫ҙࣄ߲ ຊൃද͸αΠόʔ߈ܸΛߠఆ͢Δ΋ͷͰ͸͋Γ·ͤΜ ܝࡌ಺༰͸ݸਓͷݟղͰ͋Γɺॴଐ͢Δاۀ΍૊৫ͷཱ৔ɺઓུɺҙݟΛ୅ද͢Δ΋ͷͰ͸͋Γ·ͤΜ هࡌ͞Ε͍ͯΔձ໊ࣾɺ঎඼໊ɺ·ͨ͸αʔϏε໊͸ɺ֤ࣾͷ঎ඪొ࿥·ͨ͸঎ඪͰ͢

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"HFOEB ಋೖ ɹຊηογϣϯͷΰʔϧ ɹ,VCFSOFUFTηΩϡϦςΟͷશମ૾ ɹ,VCFSOFUFTηΩϡϦςΟͷϓϥΫςΟε ,VCFSOFUFT΁ͷ߈ܸࣄྫ ɹঢ়گઃఆ ɹ۩ମతͳ߈ܸࣄྫ ɹɹ,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελ΁ͷ৵ೖ 45&1 ɹɹෆਖ਼ͳϫʔΫϩʔυͷ࡞੒ 45&1 ɹɹ/PEF΁ͷ৵ೖ 45&1 ɹ߈ܸࣄྫͷ෮श ରࡦͷߟ͑ํ ɹ<ରࡦ>,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελ΁ͷ৵ೖ 45&1 ɹ<ରࡦ>ෆਖ਼ͳϫʔΫϩʔυͷ࣮ߦ 45&1 ɹ<ରࡦ>/PEF΁ͷ৵ೖ 45&1 ɹରࡦͷ·ͱΊ ·ͱΊ

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ಋೖ ,VCFSOFUFT͸Ϋϥ΢υωΠςΟϒٕज़ͷதͰ΋޿͘׆༻͞ΕΔٕज़ͱͳΓ·ͨ͠ɻ $/$'"//6"-4637&: IUUQTXXXDODGJPSFQPSUTDODGBOOVBMTVSWFZ

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ಋೖ ぶっちゃけよくわからんけどいい感じにね！はいっ ! Kubernetesセキュリティやって。

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ಋೖ ͿͬͪΌ͚΍Γͨ͘ͳ͍ むずそう。。。え、やだえ、待って、何やれば良いの？ k8sセキュリティ is 何？

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ಋೖ ಛʹ1SPEVDUJPO؀ڥͰ,VCFSOFUFTΛར༻͢Δ࣌ ηΩϡϦςΟͷݕ౼͸ආ͚ͯ௨Δ͜ͱͷͰ͖ͳ͍՝୊ͷͭ 🛡 🗡 Ͱ΋΍Βͳ͖Ό͍͚ͳ͍

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ಋೖ $/$'"//6"-4637&: IUUQTXXXDODGJPSFQPSUTDODGBOOVBMTVSWFZ

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ಋೖ ,VCFSOFUFTηΩϡϦςΟʹؔ͢ΔϓϥΫςΟε͸৭ʑ͋Δ CVU ϦεΫΛΠϝʔδͰ͖ͳ͍ঢ়ଶͰରࡦΛߦ͏ͷ͸೉͍͠

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ຊηογϣϯͷΰʔϧ 🏁ΰʔϧ ɹ✅۩ମతͳ߈ܸࣄྫʹ৮ΕΔ͜ͱͰϦεΫͷղ૾౓Λ্͛Δ ɹ✅߈ܸࣄྫΛ౿·͑ͯ୅දతͳରࡦख๏Λ஌Δ͜ͱͰରࡦͷҙٛΛཧղ͢Δ ⚠࿩͞ͳ͍͜ͱ ɹ❌ϦεΫɾରࡦʹؔ͢Δ໢ཏతͳղઆ ɹ❌֤छରࡦख๏ͷৄࡉͳղઆ ɹ❌ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ΍ίϯςφͷηΩϡϦςΟʹؔ͢Δղઆ

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,VCFSOFUFTηΩϡϦςΟͷશମ૾ ,VCFSOFUFTͷηΩϡϦςΟ͸ɺ࣍ͷΑ͏ʹϨΠϠʹ෼͚ͯߟ͑Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ Ұൠతʹ͸֤ϨΠϠʹରͯ͠ରࡦΛߦ͏ଟ૚๷ޚͷߟ͑ํ͕ਪ঑͞Ε·͢ɻ ࠓճ͸͜ͷதͰ΋ओʹ,VCFSOFUFTͷϨΠϠΛத৺ʹείʔϓΛ౰ͯͯղઆ͠·͢ɻ "QQMJDBUJPO 安全なワークロードをコンテナとして実行する安全なコンテナ実行環境を提供する $POUBJOFS*NBHF $POUBJOFS ,VCFSOFUFT $MPVE%BUBDFOUFS 今回はこの辺りの話

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,VCFSOFUFTͷηΩϡϦςΟʹؔ͢ΔϓϥΫςΟε ✅,VCFSOFUFT4FDVSJUZ 0 ff i DJBM ɹɹIUUQTLVCFSOFUFTJPEPDTDPODFQUTTFDVSJUZ ✅$*4,VCFSOFUFT#FODINBSLT ɹɹIUUQTXXXDJTFDVSJUZPSHCFODINBSLLVCFSOFUFT ✅08"41,VCFSOFUFT4FDVSJUZ$IFBU4IFFU ɹɹIUUQTDIFBUTIFFUTFSJFTPXBTQPSHDIFBUTIFFUT,VCFSOFUFT@4FDVSJUZ@$IFBU@4IFFUIUNM ✅08"41,VCFSOFUFT5PQ5FO ɹɹIUUQTPXBTQPSHXXXQSPKFDULVCFSOFUFTUPQUFO ✅,VCFSOFUFT)BSEFOJOH(VJEF ɹɹIUUQTNFEJBEFGFOTFHPW"VH$53@,6#&3/&5&4@)"3%&/*/(@(6*%"/$&@@1%' ✅/*4541"QQMJDBUJPO$POUBJOFS4FDVSJUZ(VJEF ɹɹIUUQTOWMQVCTOJTUHPWOJTUQVCTTQFDJBMQVCMJDBUJPOTOJTUTQQEG

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,VCFSOFUFTͷηΩϡϦςΟʹؔ͢ΔϓϥΫςΟε ✅.*53&"55$,$POUBJOFST.BUSJY ɹɹIUUQTLVCFSOFUFTJPEPDTDPODFQUTTFDVSJUZ ✅5ISFBUNBUSJYGPS,VCFSOFUFT ɹɹIUUQTXXXNJDSPTPGUDPNFOVTTFDVSJUZCMPHBUUBDLNBUSJYLVCFSOFUFT ɹɹIUUQTXXXNJDSPTPGUDPNFOVTTFDVSJUZCMPHTFDVSFDPOUBJOFSJ[FEFOWJSPONFOUTXJUIVQEBUFEUISFBUNBUSJYGPSLVCFSOFUFT

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ঢ়گઃఆ ͜͜Ͱ͸ͱ͋Δ,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελʹ߈ܸऀ͕֎෦͔Β৵ೖ͠ɺ ࠷ऴతʹͦͷதʹଘࡏ͢Δൿີ৘ใΛୣऔ͢ΔྫΛ঺հ͠·͢ɻ ݱ࣌఺Ͱ͸ߏ੒౳ͷ৘ใ͸໌Β͔ʹ͠·ͤΜͷͰɺ ߈ܸऀͷ໨ઢͰԿ͕ى͍ͬͯ͜Δ͔Λମײ͠ͳ͕Β͓ฉ͖௖͚Ε͹ͱࢥ͍·͢ɻ ˞ݕূ؀ڥʹ͸,VCFSOFUFTWΛ࢖༻͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ

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৐ͬऔ͍͎ͬͯ͘ʂʂ 😎

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,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελ΁ͷ৵ೖ 45&1 ࠷ॳʹ߈ܸऀ͸ϙʔτεΩϟϯΛߦ͍·͢ɻ εΩϟϯͷ݁ՌɺΠϯλʔωοτ্ʹϙʔτ͕ެ։͞Ε͍ͯΔͷΛൃݟ͠·͢ɻ QPSU ONBQQ99999 /NBQTDBOSFQPSUGPSOPEF """" )PTUJTVQ TMBUFODZ /PUTIPXODMPTFEUDQQPSUT DPOOSFGVTFE 103545"5&4&37*$& UDQPQFOVOLOPXO /NBQEPOF*1BEESFTT IPTUVQ TDBOOFEJOTFDPOET

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,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελ΁ͷ৵ೖ 45&1 ࣮ࡍʹDFOTZTͰݕࡧͯ͠ΈΔͱɺ໿,΋ͷϙʔτ͕Πϯλʔωοτʹެ։͞Ε͍ͯΔ ͜ͱ͕֬ೝͰ͖·͢ɻ IUUQTTFBSDIDFOTZTJPTFBSDI SFTPVSDFIPTUTWJSUVBM@IPTUT&9$-6%&RTFSWJDFTTFSWJDF@OBNF%,6#&3/&5&4BOETFSWJDFTQPSU% 55.5Kのホストで 10250 portが公開されている

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ࢀߟ ,VCFSOFUFTͷΞʔΩςΫνϟ LVCFMFUͱݺ͹ΕΔ/PEFͷ"HFOU͕ϙʔτͰ"1*Λެ։͍ͯ͠Δɻ LVCFDUM FUDE LVCFQSPYZ LVCFMFU LVCFBQJTFSWFS LVCFDPOUSPMMFSNBOBHFS LVCFTDIFEVMFS /PEFͰ1PEΛ؅ཧ͢Δ"HFOU LVCFBQJTFSWFS͔Β ϦΫΤετΛड͚෇͚Δ"1*Λ ϙʔτͰެ։

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ࢀߟ LVCFMFUͷ"1*࣮૷ IUUQTHJUIVCDPNLVCFSOFUFTLVCFSOFUFTCMPCSFMFBTFQLHLVCFMFUTFSWFSTFSWFSHP ࠓճͷσϞͰ͸ҎԼΛ࢖༻ ɹQPETLVCFMFU͕؅ཧ͢Δ1PEҰཡΛऔಘ ɹSVOࢦఆͨ͠1PEʹؚ·ΕΔίϯςφͰ೚ҙͷίϚϯυΛ࣮ߦ

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,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελ΁ͷ৵ೖ 45&1 ߈ܸऀ͸ϙʔτ͕LVCFMFU͕"1*Λެ։͍ͯ͠Δϙʔτͩͱਪଌ͠ɺ"1*ͷ࣮ߦΛࢼΈ·͢ɻ ·ͣ͸LVCFMFU͕؅ཧ͍ͯ͠Δ1PEҰཡΛऔಘ͢ΔͨΊͷQPETͱ͍͏ΤϯυϙΠϯτʹ ϦΫΤετΛૹ৴ͯ͠Έ·͢ɻ OPEF """" QPET /0%&@*1"""" DVSMLIUUQT/0%&@*1QPET

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,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελ΁ͷ৵ೖ 45&1 ͢Δͱ/PEFͰ࣮ߦ͞Ε͍ͯΔ1PEҰཡΛऔಘͰ͖·ͨ͠ɻ UFTUQPE OPEF """" QPET DVSMLIUUQT/0%&@*1QPETcKR \ LJOE1PE-JTU BQJ7FSTJPOW NFUBEBUB\^ JUFNT< \ NFUBEBUB\ OBNFUFTUQPE OBNFTQBDFUNQ DPOUBJOFST< \ OBNFVCVOUV test-podというPodに目を付ける

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,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελ΁ͷ৵ೖ 45&1 ࣍ʹର৅ͷ1PEʹؚ·ΕΔίϯςφ಺Ͱ೚ҙͷίϚϯυΛϦϞʔτ࣮ߦ͢ΔͨΊͷSVOͱ͍͏ ΤϯυϙΠϯτʹϦΫΤετΛૹ৴͠·͢ɻ ·ͣ͸͜ͷޙͷ߈ܸʹ࢖༻͢ΔODBUΛίϯςφʹΠϯετʔϧ͠·͢ɻ UFTUQPE OPEF """" SVO DNE DVSML91045(IUUQT/0%&@*1SVOUNQUFTUQPEVCVOUVEBUBVSMFODPEFDNEBQUVQEBUF DVSML91045(IUUQT/0%&@*1SVOUNQUFTUQPEVCVOUVEBUBVSMFODPEFDNEBQUJOTUBMMZODBU ncatをインストール /podsで取得したPodを対象に /runを実行

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,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελ΁ͷ৵ೖ 45&1 ଓ͍ͯΠϯετʔϧͨ͠ODBU༻͍ͯϦόʔεγΣϧΛ࣮ߦ͠·͢ɻ ͜ΕͰ߈ܸऀ͸ެ։͞Ε͍ͯͨLVCFMFUΛܦ༝ͯ͠1PEʹؚ·ΕΔίϯςφʹ৵ೖͰ͖·ͨ͠ɻ ͸࣮ࡍʹ͸දࣔ͞Ε·ͤΜ UFTUQPE OPEF """" SVO DNE 3FWFSTF 4IFMM DVSML91045(IUUQT/0%&@*1SVOUNQUFTUQPEVCVOUV EBUBVSMFODPEFDNECJOODFCJOCBTI߈ܸ୺຤*1ΞυϨε リバースシェルを実行 ODMQ IPTUOBNF UFTUQPE XIPBNJ SPPU コンテナに侵入できた 😊 1000ポートで待ち受け ߈ܸ୺຤

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ෆਖ਼ͳϫʔΫϩʔυͷ࡞੒ 45&1 ৵ೖͨ͠ίϯςφ಺ͰLVCFDUMίϚϯυΛΠϯετʔϧ͠·͢ɻ UFTUQPE OPEF """" BQUJOTUBMMZDVSM DVSM-0IUUQTEMLTJPSFMFBTFWCJOMJOVYBNELVCFDUM DINPEYLVCFDUM NWLVCFDUMVTSMPDBMCJOLVCFDUM

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ෆਖ਼ͳϫʔΫϩʔυͷ࡞੒ 45&1 ͜ͷ1PE͕,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελʹରͯ͠ͲͷΑ͏ͳݖݶΛ͍࣋ͬͯΔ͔֬ೝͯ͠Έ·͢ɻ Ͳ͏΍Β͜ͷ1PEʹ͸ɺ৵ೖͨ͠,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελʹ͓͍ͯ1PEʹؔ͢ΔҰఆͷݖݶ͕ ෇༩͞Ε͍ͯͦ͏Ͱ͢ɻ UFTUQPE OPEF """" LVCFDUMBVUIDBOJMJTU 3FTPVSDFT/PO3FTPVSDF63-T3FTPVSDF/BNFT7FSCT QPETFYFD<><><> QPETMPH<><><> QPET<><> クラスタ上の Podに関する権限が付与されている

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ෆਖ਼ͳϫʔΫϩʔυͷ࡞੒ 45&1 ͜ΕΒͷݖݶΛར༻ͯ͠ɺ·ͣ͸,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελͰ࣮ߦ͞Ε͍ͯΔ1PEҰཡΛऔಘ͠·͢ɻ UFTUQPE OPEF """" LVCFDUMHFUQPEPXJEF" /".&41"$&/".&3&"%:45"564/0%& LVCFTZTUFNLVCFBQJTFSWFSDQ3VOOJOHDQ QSPECBDLFOEBQQ3VOOJOHOPEF UNQUFTUQPE3VOOJOHOPEF

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ෆਖ਼ͳϫʔΫϩʔυͷ࡞੒ 45&1 ͜ͷ݁Ռ͔Βɺ৵ೖͨ͠,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελ͸গͳ͘ͱ΋ҎԼͷߏ੒Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱ͕෼͔Γ·ͨ͠ɻ ·ͨɺOPEFͷQSPEͱ͍͏/BNFTQBDFʹॏཁͳ৘ใΛ͍࣋ͬͯͦ͏ͳ1PEΛൃݟ͠·ͨ͠ɻ ͔͜͜Β͸ɺ͜ͷ1PEΛ߈ܸͷλʔήοτͱ͠·͢ɻ QSPE UNQ CBDLFOEBQQ UFTUQPE OPEF #### OPEF """" DQ $$$$

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ෆਖ਼ͳϫʔΫϩʔυͷ࡞੒ 45&1 ·ͣ͸LVCFDUMFYFDͰ৵ೖΛࢼΈ·͢ɻ͔͠͠Ԡ౴͕ͳ͘ίϚϯυͷ࣮ߦʹࣦഊͨ͠Α͏Ͱ͢ɻ /BNFTQBDF͕ҟͳΔͨΊɺݖݶ͕ෆ଍͍ͯ͠Δͱ૝ఆ͞Ε·͢ɻ QSPE UNQ CBDLFOEBQQ UFTUQPE OPEF #### OPEF """" DQ $$$$ LVCFDUMFYFDJUCBDLFOEBQQOQSPECJOCBTI 😇 😢

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ෆਖ਼ͳϫʔΫϩʔυͷ࡞੒ 45&1 ௚઀1PEʹ৵ೖ͢Δ͜ͱ͸׎Θͳ͔ͬͨͷͰɺ৵ೖͨ͠1PEͱಉ͡/BNFTQBDF͔ͭ λʔήοτͱͳΔ1PEͱಉ͡/PEFʹ౿୆ͱͳΔ੬ऑͳ ಛݖίϯςφΛؚΉ 1PEΛσϓϩΠ͠ɺ ͦΕΛܦ༝ͯ͠߈ܸΛࢼΈΔ͜ͱʹ͠·͢ɻ QSPE UNQ UNQ NBMJDJPVTQPE CBDLFOEBQQ UFTUQPE OPEF #### OPEF """" DQ $$$$ DBU&0'cLVCFDUMBQQMZG BQJ7FSTJPOW LJOE1PE NFUBEBUB OBNFNBMJDJPVTQPE OBNFTQBDFUNQ TQFD IPTU1*%USVF DPOUBJOFST OBNFVCVOUV JNBHFVCVOUV DPNNBOE<CJOTI D XIJMFEPTMFFQEPOF> TFDVSJUZ$POUFYU QSJWJMFHFEUSVF OPEF4FMFDUPS LVCFSOFUFTJPIPTUOBNFOPEF &0' 脆弱な設定ターゲットと同じNode 侵入したPodと同じNamespace

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ෆਖ਼ͳϫʔΫϩʔυͷ࡞੒ 45&1 ίϚϯυΛ࣮ߦͨ݁͠Ռɺλʔήοτͷ1PEͱಉ͡/PEFʹ੬ऑͳ1PEͷσϓϩΠ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ Ͱ͖·ͨ͠ɻ ͜͜Ͱ͸͜ͷ࣍ͷ߈ܸʹ༻͍ΔͨΊͷ1PEΛσϓϩΠ͠·͕ͨ͠ɺ࣮ࡍͷ߈ܸͰ͸ΫϦϓτϚΠφʔͷΑ͏ͳ1PEΛσϓϩΠ͞ΕΔέʔε΋૝ఆ͞Ε·͢ɻ QSPE UNQ UNQ NBMJDJPVTQPE CBDLFOEBQQ UFTUQPE OPEF #### OPEF """" DQ $$$$ LVCFDUMHFUQPEPXJEFOUNQ /".&3&"%:45"564/0%& NBMJDJPVTQPE3VOOJOHOPEF UFTUQPE3VOOJOHOPEF

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/PEF΁ͷ৵ೖ 45&1 ͔͜͜Β͸ઌ΄ͲσϓϩΠͨ͠੬ऑͳ1PEΛར༻ͯ͠ɺλʔήοτͱͳΔ1PEʹΞΫηε ͢Δ͜ͱΛࢼΈ·͢ɻ ·ͣ͸LVCFDUMFYFDίϚϯυΛ༻͍ͯɺ੬ऑͳ1PEʹΞΫηε͠·͢ɻ UNQ NBMJDJPVTQPE OPEF #### QSPE CBDLFOEBQQ LVCFDUMFYFDJUNBMJDJPVTQPEOUNQCJOCBTI IPTUOBNF NBMJDJPVTQPE XIPBNJ SPPU デプロイしたPodにアクセス

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/PEF΁ͷ৵ೖ 45&1 ߈ܸऀ͕OPEFʹσϓϩΠͨ͠੬ऑͳ1PEʹ͸ಛݖ͕෇༩͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ ͜ΕΛར༻͢Δ͜ͱͰɺ߈ܸऀ͸OPEFʹ৵ೖ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ ͜ͷΑ͏ʹίϯςφ͔Β/PEFʹ৵ೖ͢Δ͜ͱΛ$POUBJOFS#SFBLPVUͱݺͼ·͢ɻ UNQ NBMJDJPVTQPE OPEF #### QSPE CBDLFOEBQQ (勝った...!) 😏 OTFOUFSUBCJOCBTI QZUIPODJNQPSUQUZQUZTQBXO CJOCBTI SPPU!OPEFIPTUOBNF OPEF SPPU!OPEFXIPBNJ SPPU コンテナからNodeに侵入できた

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/PEF΁ͷ৵ೖ 45&1 OPEFͰ࣮ߦ͞Ε͍ͯΔίϯςφҰཡΛ֬ೝ͠·͢ɻ UNQ NBMJDJPVTQPE OPEF #### QSPE CBDLFOEBQQ SPPU!OPEFDSJDUMQT $0/5"*/&3/".&10% ECCGCBVCVOUVNBMJDJPVTQPE EBBFDGDBQQCBDLFOEBQQ

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/PEF΁ͷ৵ೖ 45&1 /PEF͔Β߈ܸର৅ͷίϯςφʹ৵ೖ͠୳ࡧΛߦͳͬͨ݁Ռɺ ࠓճ͸ൿີ৘ใͱͯ͠ɺ͜ͷ1PE͕઀ଓͯ͠Δͱ૝ఆ͞ΕΔ%#ͷ৘ใΛୣऔͰ͖·ͨ͠ɻ UNQ NBMJDJPVTQPE OPEF #### QSPE CBDLFOEBQQ %# SPPU!CBDLFOEBQQDSJDUMFYFDJUEBBFDGDCJOCBTI SPPU!CBDLFOEBQQMTEBUB DSFEFOUJBMT SPPU!CBDLFOEBQQDBUEBUBDSFEFOUJBMT %"5"#"4&@)045ECFYBNQMFDPN %"5"#"4&@1035 %"5"#"4&@/".&DVTUPNFS %"5"#"4&@64&3/".&VTFS %"5"#"4&@1"44803%1!TTXSE 秘密情報を奪取できた 👍

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΍ͬͨͥʂʂ 😈

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߈ܸࣄྫͷ෮श ࠓճͷ߈ܸࣄྫΛ·ͱΊΔͱҎԼͷΑ͏ʹͳΓ·͢ɻ ɹ✅45&1,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελ΁ͷ৵ೖ ɹ✅45&1ෆਖ਼ͳϫʔΫϩʔυͷ࡞੒ ɹ✅45&1/PEF΁ͷ৵ೖ QSPE UNQ UNQ 45&1 45&1 45&1 NBMJDJPVTQPE CBDLFOEBQQ UFTUQPE OPEF #### OPEF """" DQ $$$$

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߈ܸࣄྫͷ෮श ͜ͷΑ͏ͳ͜ͱ͕ݱ࣮ʹى͜ΓಘΔͷ͔ͱٙ໰Λ࣋ͨΕͨํ΋͍Δ͔΋͠Ε·ͤΜ͕ɺ ࠓճ঺հͨ͠߈ܸࣄྫ͸աڈ࣮ࡍʹߦΘΕͨLVCFMFUͷ"1*Λૂͬͨ߈ܸࣄྫΛࢀߟʹ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ 5FBN5/55BSHFUT,VCFSOFUFT /FBSMZ *1T$PNQSPNJTFEJO8PSNMJLF"UUBDL IUUQTXXXUSFOENJDSPDPNFO@VTSFTFBSDIFUFBNUOUUBSHFUTLVCFSOFUFTOFBSMZJQTDPNQSPNJTFEIUNM

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何がいけなかったのか？どうすれば良かったのか？

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ରࡦͷߟ͑ํ ͔͜͜Β͸ࠓճͷ߈ܸࣄྫͷ֤45&1Ͱىͬͨ͜͜ͱΛϕʔεʹɺ ͦͷཁҼͱ,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελʹରͯ͠ͲͷΑ͏ͳରࡦΛߦͳ͓ͬͯ͘΂͖͔ͩͬͨΛղઆ͠·͢ɻ ཁҼ ରࡦ

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<ରࡦ>,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελ΁ͷ৵ೖ 45&1

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<ରࡦ>,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελ΁ͷ৵ೖ 45&1 45&1Ͱ͸߈ܸऀ͕,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελΛߏ੒͢ΔίϯϙʔωϯτͷͭͰ͋Δ LVCFMFUͷ"1*Λෆਖ਼ʹ࣮ߦ͢Δ͜ͱͰɺ֎෦͔Β1PEʹ৵ೖ͢ΔʹࢸΓ·ͨ͠ɻ QSPE UNQ UNQ NBMJDJPVTQPE CBDLFOEBQQ UFTUQPE OPEF #### OPEF """" DQ $$$$ ֎෦͔ΒLVCFMFUͷ"1*Λ ෆਖ਼ʹ࣮ߦ͞Εͨ

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<ରࡦ>,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελ΁ͷ৵ೖ 45&1 ͭͷ؍఺ͰཁҼͱରࡦ͕ߟ͑ΒΕ·͢ɻ ɹ✅,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελʹର͢Δ/8੍ޚ ɹ✅,VCFSOFUFTίϯϙʔωϯτͷઃఆ

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<ରࡦ>,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελ΁ͷ৵ೖ 45&1 ͭͷ؍఺ͰཁҼͱରࡦ͕ߟ͑ΒΕ·͢ɻ ɹ✅,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελʹର͢Δ/8੍ޚ ɹ✅,VCFSOFUFTίϯϙʔωϯτͷઃఆ

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,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελʹର͢Δ/8੍ޚ ,VCFSOFUFTͷ֤ίϯϙʔωϯτ͸ɺίϯϙʔωϯτؒͷ࿈ܞ΍ϔϧενΣοΫͳͲͷ໨తͰ ಛఆͷϙʔτΛެ։͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ45&1Ͱ͸LVCFMFUͷϙʔτ͕֎෦ެ։͞Ε͍ͯͨ͜ͱ͕ɺ ߈ܸऀʹ,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελ΁ͷΞΫηεΛڐͨ͠ཁҼͰͨ͠ɻ ཁҼ FUDE LVCFQSPYZ LVCFMFU LVCFBQJTFSWFS LVCFDPOUSPMMFSNBOBHFS LVCFTDIFEVMFS LVCFDUM クラスタデータを保持 Podの配置を決定各種リソースの状態を管理 Kubernetes APIを公開クラスタネットワークを管理 NodeのPodを管理するAgent )FBMUI$IFDL FUDE"EWJSUJTF *OUFSOFU

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,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελʹର͢Δ/8੍ޚ ௨ৗ͜ΕΒ΁ͷΞΫηεݩ͸ݶఆ͞Ε͍ͯΔͨΊɺෆཁͳΞΫηεݩ͔ΒͷΞΫηε͸ېࢭ͢΂͖Ͱ͢ɻ ੍ݶΛߦ͏ཻ౓ʹ͸ٞ࿦ͷ༨஍͕͋Γ·͕͢ɺগͳ͘ͱ΋ΠϯλʔωοτͳͲෆಛఆଟ਺͔Βͷ ΞΫηε͸ېࢭ͢΂͖Ͱ͢ɻ˞֎෦ެ։͢Δඞཁͷ͋Δ1PEʹ͍ͭͯ͸-PBE#BMBODFSܦ༝Ͱެ։ FUDE LVCFQSPYZ LVCFMFU LVCFBQJTFSWFS LVCFDPOUSPMMFSNBOBHFS LVCFTDIFEVMFS LVCFDUM クラスタデータを保持 Podの配置を決定各種リソースの状態を管理 Kubernetes APIを公開クラスタネットワークを管理 NodeのPodを管理するAgent )FBMUI$IFDL FUDE"EWJSUJTF *OUFSOFU ରࡦ

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,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελʹର͢Δ/8੍ޚ ,VCFSOFUFTެࣜυΩϡϝϯτͰ͸ҎԼͷΑ͏ʹɺ֤ίϯϙʔωϯτ͕ެ։͢Δϙʔτͱ ͦͷ༻్͕ղઆ͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ 1PSUTBOE1SPUPDPMT IUUQTLVCFSOFUFTJPEPDTSFGFSFODFOFUXPSLJOHQPSUTBOEQSPUPDPMT ରࡦ

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<ରࡦ>,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελ΁ͷ৵ೖ 45&1 ͭͷ؍఺ͰཁҼͱରࡦ͕ߟ͑ΒΕ·͢ɻ ɹ✅,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελʹର͢Δ/8੍ޚ ɹ✅,VCFSOFUFTίϯϙʔωϯτͷઃఆ

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,VCFSOFUFTίϯϙʔωϯτͷઃఆ OPEF """" BQJ7FSTJPOLVCFMFUDPO fi HLTJPWCFUB LJOE,VCFMFU$PO fi HVSBUJPO BVUIFOUJDBUJPO BOPOZNPVT FOBCMFEUSVF XFCIPPL DBDIF55-T FOBCMFEUSVF Y DMJFOU$"'JMFFUDLVCFSOFUFTQLJDBDSU BVUIPSJ[BUJPO NPEF"MXBZT"MMPX ,VCFMFU$PO fi HVSBUJPO OPEF 匿名ユーザーの認証を許可認可の無効化 LVCFMFU ʹ౸ୡͰ͖Ε͹ ೝূɾೝՄෆཁͰ "1*ΞΫηεՄೳͳঢ়ଶ ,VCFSOFUFTͷ֤ίϯϙʔωϯτʹ͸༷ʑͳઃఆ߲໨͕ଘࡏ͠·͢ɻ 45&1Ͱ͸LVCFMFUͷઃఆ͕ద੾ʹߦΘΕ͓ͯΒͣɺ"1*ͷೝূɾೝՄ͕ແޮԽ͞Ε͍ͯͨ͜ͱ͕ ߈ܸऀʹLVCFMFUͷ"1*ͷ࣮ߦΛڐͨ͠ཁҼͰͨ͠ɻ ཁҼ

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,VCFSOFUFTίϯϙʔωϯτͷઃఆ ,VCFSOFUFTͷίϯϙʔωϯτʹ͸༷ʑͳઃఆ߲໨͕ଘࡏ͠·͕͢ɺ ͜ΕΒͷઃఆΛద੾ʹߦ͏ʹ͸$*4,VCFSOFUFT#FODINBSLT͕ࢀߟʹͳΓ·͢ɻ $*4,VCFSOFUFT#FODINBSLTͰ͸/PEF͓Αͼίϯϙʔωϯτʹର͢Δਪ঑ઃఆ͕ఆٛ͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ ˞Ճ͑ͯʮ1PMJDJFTʯͰ͸͜ͷޙղઆ͢Δ֤छରࡦʹ͍ͭͯ΋Ұ෦ݴٴ͞Ε͍ͯΔɻ $POUSPM1MBOF$PNQPOFOUT ɹ$POUSPM1MBOF/PEF$PO fi HVSBUJPO'JMFT ɹ"1*4FSWFS ɹ$POUSPMMFS.BOBHFS ɹ4DIFEVMFS FUDE $POUSPM1MBOF$PO fi HVSBUJPO ɹ"VUIFOUJDBUJPOBOE"VUIPSJ[BUJPO ɹ-PHHJOH 8PSLFS/PEFT ɹ8PSLFS/PEF$PO fi HVSBUJPO'JMFT ɹ,VCFMFU ɹLVCFQSPYZ 1PMJDJFT ɹ3#"$BOE4FSWJDF"DDPVOUT ɹ1PE4FDVSJUZ4UBOEBSET ɹ/FUXPSL1PMJDJFTBOE$/* ɹ4FDSFUT.BOBHFNFOU ɹ&YUFOTJCMF"ENJTTJPO$POUSPM ɹ(FOFSBM1PMJDJFT $*4,VCFSOFUFT#FODINBSLT IUUQTXXXDJTFDVSJUZPSHCFODINBSLLVCFSOFUFT ରࡦ

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,VCFSOFUFTίϯϙʔωϯτͷઃఆ ,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελͷઃఆ͕$*4,VCFSOFUFT#FODINBSLTʹͲͷఔ౓४ڌ͍ͯ͠Δ͔Λ ֬ೝ͢Δπʔϧͱͯ͠LVCFCFODI͕͋Γ·͢ɻ ✅࣮ߦํ๏͕γϯϓϧ ɹɹ✔νΣοΫର৅/PEFͰLVCFCFODIίϚϯυΛ࣮ߦ ɹɹ✔,VCFSOFUFTͷ৔߹ɺఏڙ͞Ε͍ͯΔ:".-ͰKPCΛ࣮ߦ͢Ε͹͙͢ʹνΣοΫՄೳ ✅؀ڥʹԠͨ͡೚ҙͷόʔδϣϯࢦఆ͕Մೳ ɹɹ✔7BOJMB,VCFSOFUFTҎ֎ʹ΋&,4΍(,&ͳͲ֤छ%JTUSJCVUJPO޲͚ͷ#FODINBSLʹରԠ ✅ಛఆͷ߲໨ʹߜͬͨνΣοΫ͕Մೳ ɹɹ✔೚ҙͷ߲໨Λࢦఆ࣮ͯ͠ߦ ✅೚ҙͷܗࣜͰ݁Ռͷग़ྗ͕Մೳ ɹɹ✔+40/ɺ+6OJUɺ"844FDVSJUZ)VCɺ1PTUHSF42- LVCFCFODI IUUQTBRVBTFDVSJUZHJUIVCJPLVCFCFODI ରࡦ

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,VCFSOFUFTίϯϙʔωϯτͷઃఆ ྫ͑͹,VCFSOFUFTͷ+PCͱͯ͠LVCFCFODIΛ࣮ߦͨ͠৔߹͸ɺ ҎԼͷΑ͏ʹ1PEͷϩάͱͯ݁͠ՌΛ֬ೝͰ͖·͢ɻ ࠓճ໰୊ͱͳͬͨLVCFMFUʹؔ͢Δઃఆͷෆඋ΋ݕ஌͞Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱ͕֬ೝͰ͖·͢ɻ LVCFDUMBQQMZGKPCZBNM LVCFDUMMPHTLVCFCFODIDCEMO <*/'0>,VCFMFU <'"*->&OTVSFUIBUUIFBOPOZNPVTBVUIBSHVNFOUJTTFUUPGBMTF "VUPNBUFE <'"*->&OTVSFUIBUUIFBVUIPSJ[BUJPONPEFBSHVNFOUJTOPUTFUUP"MXBZT"MMPX "VUPNBUFE <1"44>&OTVSFUIBUUIFDMJFOUDB fi MFBSHVNFOUJTTFUBTBQQSPQSJBUF "VUPNBUFE <1"44>7FSJGZUIBUUIFSFBEPOMZQPSUBSHVNFOUJTTFUUP .BOVBM <1"44>&OTVSFUIBUUIFTUSFBNJOHDPOOFDUJPOJEMFUJNFPVUBSHVNFOUJTOPUTFUUP .BOVBM 4VNNBSZOPEF DIFDLT1"44 DIFDLT'"*- DIFDLT8"3/ DIFDLT*/'0 ରࡦ OPEFͰLVCFCFODIΛ࣮ߦͨ݁͠Ռ ൈਮ ͜ΕΒʹ͖ͪΜͱରॲ͍ͯ͠Ε͹ LVCFMFUͷ"1*͕ෆਖ਼ʹ࣮ߦ͞ΕΔͷΛ ๷͙͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͨ

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,VCFSOFUFTίϯϙʔωϯτͷઃఆ ͨͩ͠$*4,VCFSOFUFT#FODINBSLͷਪ঑ઃఆʹ४ڌ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍͔Βͱ͍ͬͯ ͦΕ͕ඞͣ͠΋ΫϦςΟΧϧͳ໰୊ʹܨ͕Δͱ͍͏έʔε͹͔ΓͰ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɻ ·ͣ͸ݱঢ়Λೝࣝ͢Δͱ͍͏؍఺Ͱ४ڌͰ͖͍ͯͳ͍߲໨Λ֬ೝ͠ɺ $*4$POUSPMT*(ͳͲΛ౿·͑ͨ༏ઌ౓ʹج͍ͮͯରԠ༗ແͷ൑அΛߦ͏ͱྑ͍Ͱ͠ΐ͏ɻ ˞$*4,VCFSOFUFT#FODINBSLTͰ͸"QQFOEJYͱ֤߲ͯ͠໨ͱ$*4$POUSPMT*(ͷϚοϐϯά͕ܝࡌ͞Ε͍ͯΔɻ $*4$SJUJDBM4FDVSJUZ$POUSPMT*NQMFNFOUBUJPO(SPVQT IUUQTXXXDJTFDVSJUZPSHDPOUSPMTJNQMFNFOUBUJPOHSPVQT ରࡦ

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,VCFSOFUFTίϯϙʔωϯτͷઃఆ ,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελΛอޢ͢Δ্Ͱಛʹҙࣝ͢΂͖ίϯϙʔωϯτ ✅LVCFBQJTFSWFS ɹɹ,VCFSOFUFTͷ"1*Λఏڙ͢Δίϯϙʔωϯτ ɹɹ,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελʹؔ͢Δ͋ΒΏΔૢ࡞Λڐͯ͠͠·͏ϦεΫʹܨ͕Δ ɹɹ45&1ͷରࡦͰղઆ͢Δ3#"$ ݖݶ੍ޚ ΍ϙϦγʔ੍ޚ΋ؔ࿈ ✅LVCFMFU ɹɹ/PEFͰ࣮ߦ͞Ε͍ͯΔ1PEΛ؅ཧ͢Δ"HFOU ɹɹ1PE΁ͷ৵ೖΛ͸͡Ίͱͨ͠ϦεΫʹܨ͕Δ 45&1 ✅FUDE ɹɹ,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελͷશͯͷϦιʔε৘ใΛอ࣋ ɹɹϦιʔε৘ใͷୣऔվ᜵΍࡞੒ͳͲͷϦεΫʹܨ͕Δɹ ରࡦ

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ࢀߟ ͦͷଞؔ࿈πʔϧ ✅5SJWZ˞W࣌఺Ͱ͸&YQFSJNFOUBM ɹ5SJWZ,VCFSOFUFT ɹIUUQTBRVBTFDVSJUZHJUIVCJPUSJWZMBUFTUEPDTUBSHFULVCFSOFUFT ɹ$*44DBOOJOHBTQBSUPG5SJWZBOEUIF5SJWZ0QFSBUPS ɹIUUQTHJUIVCDPNBRVBTFDVSJUZLVCFCFODI UBCSFBENFPW fi MFDJTTDBOOJOHBTQBSUPGUSJWZBOEUIFUSJWZPQFSBUPS ✅,VCFTDBQF ɹ4DBOOJOHXJUI,VCFTDBQF ɹIUUQTLVCFTDBQFJPEPDTTDBOOJOH ରࡦ

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<ରࡦ>ෆਖ਼ͳϫʔΫϩʔυͷ࣮ߦ 45&1

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<ରࡦ>ෆਖ਼ͳϫʔΫϩʔυͷ࣮ߦ 45&1 45&1Ͱ͸ɺ߈ܸऀ͸৵ೖͨ͠1PE͔Β,VCFSOFUFT"1*ʹΞΫηε͠ɺ ߈ܸͷ౿Έ୆ͱͳΔෆਖ਼ͳϫʔΫϩʔυ ಛݖίϯςφΛؚΉ੬ऑͳ1PE ΛσϓϩΠ͠·ͨ͠ɻ QSPE UNQ UNQ NBMJDJPVTQPE CBDLFOEBQQ UFTUQPE OPEF #### OPEF """" DQ $$$$ ෆਖ਼ͳϫʔΫϩʔυΛσϓϩΠ

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<ରࡦ>ෆਖ਼ͳϫʔΫϩʔυͷ࣮ߦ 45&1 ͭͷ؍఺ͰཁҼͱରࡦ͕ߟ͑ΒΕ·͢ɻ ɹ✅,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελ಺෦ͷ/8੍ޚ ɹ✅,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελʹର͢Δݖݶ੍ޚ ɹ✅,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελͷϙϦγʔ੍ޚ

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,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελ಺෦ͷ/8੍ޚ ,VCFSOFUFTͷσϑΥϧτઃఆͰ͸ɺ1PEʹରͯ͠௨৴੍ݶ͕Ұ੾ߦΘΕ͓ͯΒͣɺ σϓϩΠ͞Εͨ1PE͸ࣗ༝ʹ௨৴Λߦ͑Δঢ়ଶʹͳ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻ ͜ΕʹΑΓɺ߈ܸऀ͸৵ೖͨ͠1PE͔Β,VCFSOFUFT"1*ʹϦΫΤετΛૹ৴͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·ͨ͠ɻ ·ͨɺ45&1ͰߦͬͨΠϯλʔωοτ͔Βͷπʔϧͷ%-΍ɺϦόʔεγΣϧʹΑΔηογϣϯͷ ཱ֬΋Մೳͳঢ়ଶͰͨ͠ɻ *OUFSOFU UNQ UFTUQPE ཁҼ 1PE࡞੒౳ͷϦΫΤετΛૹ৴

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,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελ಺෦ͷ/8੍ޚ 1PEʹର͢Δ௨৴΍1PE͔Βͷ௨৴͸ɺඞཁ࠷௿ݶͷ΋ͷʹ੍ݶ͞ΕΔ΂͖Ͱ͢ɻ ͜ͷΑ͏ͳ੍ݶ͕ߦΘΕ͍ͯΕ͹ɺ1PE͔Βͷ,VCFSOFUFT"1*΁ͷϦΫΤετΛ͸͡Ίͱͨ͠ɺ ѱҙ͋Δ௨৴Λ๷ࢭ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ ҙਤͨ͠௨৴ͷΈΛڐՄ ҙਤ͠ͳ͍௨৴͸ېࢭ ରࡦ

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UNQ ,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελ಺෦ͷ/8੍ޚ ,VCFSOFUFTͰ͸1PEʹ/FUXPSL1PMJDZΛద༻͢Δ͜ͱͰɺ/8੍ݶΛߦ͏͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ ͜ΕʹΑΓɺҙਤͨ͠௨৴Ҏ֎Λःஅ͠ෆਖ਼ͳ௨৴ͷϦεΫΛ௿Լͤ͞Δ͜ͱʹܨ͕Γ·͢ɻ ˞ͳ͓ɺ/FUXPSL1PMJDZΛ࢖༻͢ΔͨΊʹ͸ɺ/FUXPSL1PMJDZΛαϙʔτ͢Δ/FUXPSL1MVHJOΛ࢖༻͢Δඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ ɹ·ͨɺ/FUXPSL1MVHJOʹΑͬͯ͸ಠࣗͷ/FUXPSL1PMJDZΛαϙʔτ͍ͯ͠Δέʔε΋͋Γ·͢ɻ /FUXPSL1PMJDJFT IUUQTLVCFSOFUFTJPEPDTDPODFQUTTFSWJDFTOFUXPSLJOHOFUXPSLQPMJDJFT UFTUQPE BQJ7FSTJPOOFUXPSLJOHLTJPW LJOE/FUXPSL1PMJDZ NFUBEBUB OBNFEFOZBMM OBNFTQBDFUNQ TQFD QPE4FMFDUPS\^ QPMJDZ5ZQFT *OHSFTT &HSFTT BQJ7FSTJPOOFUXPSLJOHLTJPW LJOE/FUXPSL1PMJDZ NFUBEBUB OBNFUFTUOFUQPM OBNFTQBDFUNQ TQFD QPE4FMFDUPS NBUDI-BCFMT BQQUFTU QPMJDZ5ZQFT *OHSFTT &HSFTT JOHSFTT TPNFSVMF FHSFTT TPNFSVMF ඞཁʹԠͯ͡ ݸผͷ1PEʹڐՄϧʔϧΛ ؚΉϙϦγʔΛద༻ /BNFTQBDFશମʹ શͯͷ௨৴Λېࢭ͢Δ ϙϦγʔΛద༻ ରࡦ

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ิ଍ 4FSWJDFΛࢦఆͨ͠௨৴ΛڐՄ͢Δ৔߹ 4FSWJDFΛࢦఆͯ͠ଞͷ1PEʹΞΫηεΛߦ͏৔߹ɺ ,VCFSOFUFTͷ಺෦%/4 $PSF%/4 Ͱ4FSWJDFͷ໊લղܾΛߦ͏͜ͱʹͳΓ·͢ɻ ͜ͷͨΊ಺෦%/4ʹର͢Δ&HSFTT௨৴ͷڐՄΛߦ͏ඞཁ͕͋Δ఺ʹ஫ҙ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ BQJ7FSTJPOOFUXPSLJOHLTJPW LJOE/FUXPSL1PMJDZ NFUBEBUB OBNFUFTUOFUQPM OBNFTQBDFUNQ TQFD QPE4FMFDUPS NBUDI-BCFMT BQQUFTU QPMJDZ5ZQFT *OHSFTT &HSFTT JOHSFTT TPNFSVMF FHSFTT TPNFSVMF UP OBNFTQBDF4FMFDUPS NBUDI-BCFMT LVCFSOFUFTJPNFUBEBUBOBNFLVCFTZTUFN QPE4FMFDUPS NBUDI-BCFMT LTBQQLVCFEOT QPSUT QPSU QSPUPDPM6%1 QPSU QSPUPDPM5$1 ରࡦ 内部DNSへの通信を許可

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<ରࡦ>ෆਖ਼ͳϫʔΫϩʔυͷ࣮ߦ 45&1 ͭͷ؍఺ͰཁҼͱରࡦ͕ߟ͑ΒΕ·͢ɻ ɹ✅,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελ಺෦ͷ/8੍ޚ ɹ✅,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελʹର͢Δݖݶ ɹ✅,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελͷϙϦγʔ੍ޚ

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,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελʹର͢Δݖݶ੍ޚ ,VCFSOFUFTʹ͸େ͖͘෼͚ͯछྨͷϢʔβʔͷ֓೦͕ଘࡏ͠·͢ɻ ͜ΕΒʹର͠3#"$ͷ࢓૊ΈΛ༻͍Δ͜ͱͰɺ,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελʹର͢ΔݖݶΛ෇༩Ͱ͖·͢ɻ 3PMF#JOEJOH $MVTUFS3PMF#JOEJOH 3PMF $MVTUFS3PMF 6TJOH3#"$"VUIPSJ[BUJPO IUUQTLVCFSOFUFTJPEPDTSFGFSFODFBDDFTTBVUIOBVUI[SCBD 6TFS(SPVQ 4FSWJDF"DDPVOU ,VCFSOFUFTʹؔ͢ΔݖݶΛఆٛ ԿͷϦιʔε SFTPVSDFTOPO3FTPVSDF63-T ʹ Կͷૢ࡞ WFSCT ΛڐՄ͢Δ͔ Ϣʔβʔͱ ݖݶΛඥ෇͚ ,VCFSOFUFTΛૢ࡞͢ΔϢʔβʔ 㲈LVCFDUMΛ࣮ߦ͢Δਓ ,VCFSOFUFT֎෦Ͱ؅ཧ 9ূ໌ॻ΍֎෦ϢʔβʔετΞͰఆٛ 1PEͳͲ͕࢖༻͢ΔγεςϜΞΧ΢ϯτ ,VCFSOFUFT಺෦Ͱ؅ཧ ,VCFSOFUFTͷϦιʔεͱͯ͠ఆٛ "VUIFOUJDBUJOH IUUQTLVCFSOFUFTJPEPDTSFGFSFODFBDDFTTBVUIOBVUI[BVUIFOUJDBUJPO ཁҼ

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,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελʹର͢Δݖݶ੍ޚ 45&1Ͱ߈ܸऀʹෆਖ਼ͳ1PEΛ࡞੒͞Εͯ͠·ͬͨ௚઀తͳཁҼ͸ɺ 4FSWJDF"DDPVOUʹQPET΍FYFDαϒϦιʔεʹؔ͢Δશͯͷૢ࡞ݖݶ WFSCT ͕෇༩͞Ε͍ͯͨ͜ͱ ʹ͋Γ·͢ɻ˞LVCFDUMFYFDΛߦ͏ࡍ͸QPETFYFDͱ͍͏αϒϦιʔεʹΞΫηε͢Δ UFTUTB 3FGFSSJOHUPSFTPVSDFT IUUQTLVCFSOFUFTJPEPDTSFGFSFODFBDDFTTBVUIOBVUI[SCBDSFGFSSJOHUPSFTPVSDFT ɹɹɹ ɹɹɹSVMFT ɹɹɹBQJ(SPVQT ɹɹɹ ɹɹɹSFTPVSDFT ɹɹɹQPET ɹɹɹQPETFYFD ɹɹɹQPETMPH ɹɹɹWFSCT ɹɹɹ ɹɹɹ ɹɹɹSVMFT ɹɹɹBQJ(SPVQT ɹɹɹ ɹɹɹSFTPVSDFT ɹɹɹQPET ɹɹɹWFSCT ɹɹɹHFU ɹɹɹMJTU ɹɹɹBQJ7FSTJPOW ɹɹɹLJOE1PE ɹɹɹNFUBEBUB ɹɹɹOBNFUFTUQPE ɹɹɹ ɹɹɹTQFD ɹɹɹDPOUBJOFST ɹɹɹ ɹɹɹTFSWJDF"DDPVOU/BNFUFTUTB ɹɹɹ ཁҼ クラスタ全体に対する権限 Namespace内の権限

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,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελʹର͢Δݖݶ੍ޚ ݖݶʹؔ͢Δରࡦ͸ঢ়گʹ΋ΑΓ·͕͢ɺجຊతʹ͸࠷খݖݶͷݪଇʹଇΔ΂͖Ͱ͢ɻ ͜͜Ͱ͸࣍ͷ੾ΓޱͰରࡦΛߟ͑·͢ɻ ɹᶃ,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελͷར༻ऀͱͯ͠1PEʹݖݶΛ༩͑Δ৔߹ ɹɹɹ1PEʹର͢Δద੾ͳݖݶ؅ཧ͕ߦΘΕ͍ͯΕ͹੬ऑͳ1PEͷ࡞੒Λ๷ࢭͰ͖ͨՄೳੑ͕͋Δ ɹᶄ,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελͷ؅ཧऀͱͯ͠ར༻ऀʹݖݶΛ༩͑Δ৔߹ ɹɹɹར༻ऀʹର͢Δద੾ͳݖݶ؅ཧ͕ߦΘΕ͍ͯΕ͹1PE΁ͷݖݶ෇༩Λ๷ࢭͰ͖ͨՄೳੑ͕͋Δ 6TFS(SPVQ "ENJOJTUSBUPS UFTUQPE UFTUTB ௚઀తݪҼ ᶃ ᶄ ରࡦ ˞ύϒϦοΫΫϥ΢υͰ͸Ϋϥ΢υαʔϏεͷݖݶΛ4FSWJDF"DDPVOUʹ ɹඥ෇͚Δͱ͍͏έʔε΋ଘࡏ͠·͕͢͜͜Ͱ͸ৄࡉʹ৮Ε·ͤΜɻ ɹ͜ͷΑ͏ͳ৔߹΋࠷খݖݶͷݪଇʹଇΔͱ͍͏ߟ͑ํʹมΘΓ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɻ

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,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελͷར༻ऀͱͯ͠1PEʹݖݶΛ༩͑Δ৔߹ ✅EFGBVMU4FSWJDF"DDPVOUΛ࢖༻͢Δ ɹɹ✔1PEͷ4FSWJDF"DDPVOUΛࢦఆ͠ͳ͚Ε͹EFGBVMU4FSWJDF"DDPVOU͕ඥ෇͚ΒΕΔ ɹɹ✔EFGBVMU4FSWJDF"DDPVOU͸ݖݶΛ΄ͱΜͲ࣋ͨͳ͍ "1*΍7FSTJPO৘ใΛऔಘͰ͖Δఔ౓ ɹɹ✔ͨͩ͠EFGBVMU4FSWJDF"DDPVOUʹݖݶΛඥ෇͚ͳ͍͜ͱʹ஫ҙ ✅1PEʹ4FSWJDF"DDPVOUΛඥ෇͚ͳ͍ ɹɹ✔ҰൠతͳϫʔΫϩʔυͰ͋Ε͹,VCFSOFUFTʹؔ͢Δݖݶ͸ͦ΋ͦ΋ෆཁͳ͜ͱ͕ଟ͍ ɹɹ✔EFGBVMU4FSWJDF"DDPVOUͰ͸,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελʹର͢Δೝূࣗମ͸ߦ͑ͯ͠·͏ ɹɹ✔4FSWJDF"DDPVOUΛඥ෇͚ͳ͚Ε͹ೝূ͞ΕΔͷΛ๷ࢭͰ͖Δ ✅ݖݶΛඥ෇͚Δ৔߹͸ඞཁ࠷খݶʹ͢Δ ɹɹ✔΍ΉΛಘͣݖݶΛඥ෇͚Δ৔߹͸ඞཁ࠷খݶʹ͢Δ ɹɹɹɹFH1PEͷࢀরͷΈ͕ඞཁͰ͋Ε͹HFU΍MJTUͷΈʹWFSCTΛݶఆ͢Δ %FGBVMUTFSWJDFBDDPVOUT IUUQTLVCFSOFUFTJPEPDTDPODFQUTTFDVSJUZTFSWJDFBDDPVOUTEFGBVMUTFSWJDFBDDPVOUT ରࡦ

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,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελͷ؅ཧऀͱͯ͠ར༻ऀʹݖݶΛ༩͑Δ৔߹ ✅෇༩͢Δݖݶ͸ඞཁ࠷খݶʹ͢Δ ɹɹ✔Ϣʔβʔʹ͸ԿΒ͔ͷݖݶΛ෇༩͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ ɹɹ✔/BNFTQBDFɺϦιʔεछผʹԠͨ͡ඞཁ࠷খݶͷݖݶΛ෇༩ ɹɹ✔#VJMEJO3PMFΛ׆༻͢Δͷ΋͋Γ BENJOFEJUWJFX UFOBOUB UFOBOUC 6TFS(SPVQ 6TFS(SPVQ ॏཁϦιʔε΁ͷΞΫηε͸ېࢭ 8PSLMPBEܥϦιʔε΁ͷΞΫηε͸ڐՄ 6TFSGBDJOHSPMFT IUUQTLVCFSOFUFTJPEPDTSFGFSFODFBDDFTTBVUIOBVUI[SCBDVTFSGBDJOHSPMFT /BNFTQBDF୯Ґͷ੍ޚ Ϧιʔεछผ୯Ґͷ੍ޚ ରࡦ

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,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελͷ؅ཧऀͱͯ͠ར༻ऀʹݖݶΛ༩͑Δ৔߹ ✅෇༩͢Δݖݶ͸ඞཁ࠷খݶʹ͢Δ ɹɹ✔Ϣʔβʔʹ͸ԿΒ͔ͷݖݶΛ෇༩͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ ɹɹ✔/BNFTQBDFɺϦιʔεछผʹԠͨ͡ඞཁ࠷খݶͷݖݶΛ෇༩ ɹɹ✔#VJMEJO3PMFΛ׆༻͢Δͷ΋͋Γ BENJOFEJUWJFX ✅ݖݶঢ֨ʹ஫ҙ ɹɹ✔SFTPVSDFTͱWFSCTͷ૊Έ߹ΘͤʹΑͬͯ͸௥ՃͷݖݶΛऔಘͰ͖Δ৔߹͕͋Δ ✅ϫΠϧυΧʔυ ͷ࢖༻ʹ஫ҙ ɹɹ✔ҙਤ͠ͳ͍ݖݶؚ͕·Εͯ͠·͏Մೳੑ͕͋Δ SFTPVSDFT WFSCT ֓ཁ SPMFT DMVTUFSSPMFT FTDBMBUF ݱࡏ෇༩͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ݖݶΛ෇༩Ͱ͖Δ ݖݶऔಘͷͨΊͷ3PMFʹର͢ΔDSFBUFVQEBUF͕ڐՄ͞ΕΔ CJOE ݱࡏ෇༩͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ݖݶΛؚΉ3PMFΛඥ෇͚Ͱ͖Δ ݖݶऔಘͷͨΊͷ3PMF#JOEJOHʹର͢ΔDSFBUFVQEBUF͕ڐՄ͞ΕΔ VTFST HSPVQT TFSWJDFBDDPVOUT JNQFSTPOBUF ଞͷϢʔβʔݖݶͰΞΫηε Ϣʔβʔِ૷ ग़དྷͯ͠·͏ LVCFDUMBTɺLVCFDUMBTHSPVQͰTVEPతͳ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔΠϝʔδ ରࡦ

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ࢀߟ 3#"$ʹؔ͢ΔϦϑΝϨϯεͷྫ ✅3PMF#BTFE"DDFTT$POUSPM(PPE1SBDUJDFT ɹɹIUUQTLVCFSOFUFTJPEPDTDPODFQUTTFDVSJUZSCBDHPPEQSBDUJDFT ✅$*4,VCFSOFUFT#FODINBSLT 3#"$BOE4FSWJDF"DDPVOUT ରࡦ

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ࢀߟ 3#"$ʹؔ͢Δπʔϧͷྫ 3#"$ʹؔ͢Δ෼ੳ΍ՄࢹԽΛՄೳʹ͢Δπʔϧ΋ଘࡏ͢Δɻ ɹ✅SCBDUPPM ɹɹɹIUUQTHJUIVCDPNBMDJEFJPSCBDUPPM ରࡦ

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,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελͷϙϦγʔ੍ޚ ,VCFSOFUFTͰ͸ɺσϑΥϧτͰͲͷΑ͏ͳઃఆΛ࣋ͭ1PEͷσϓϩΠ΋ڐՄ͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ ͜ͷͨΊ߈ܸऀ͸45&1Ͱɺ,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελʹ੬ऑͳ1PEΛσϓϩΠ͠ɺ 45&1ͷ߈ܸ /PEF΁ͷ৵ೖ ʹܨ͛Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·ͨ͠ɻ ݖݶ͑͋͞Ε͹ͲͷΑ͏ͳ1PE΋σϓϩΠͰ͖Δ NBMJDJPVTQPE BQJ7FSTJPOW LJOE1PE NFUBEBUB OBNFNBMJDJPVTQPE OBNFTQBDFUNQ TQFD IPTU1*%USVF DPOUBJOFST OBNFVCVOUV JNBHFVCVOUV DPNNBOE<CJOTI > TFDVSJUZ$POUFYU QSJWJMFHFEUSVF OPEF4FMFDUPS LVCFSOFUFTJPIPTUOBNFOPEF 脆弱な設定 ཁҼ

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,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελͷϙϦγʔ੍ޚ ͜Εʹର͢Δରࡦͱͯ͠ɺϙϦγʔ੍ޚͱݺ͹ΕΔ࢓૊Έ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ ϙϦγʔ੍ޚͱ͸ɺ͋Β͔͡Ί,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελʹϙϦγʔΛఆ͓͖ٛͯ͠ɺ ੬ऑͳઃఆΛ࣋ͭ1PEͳͲϙϦγʔʹ४ڌ͠ͳ͍Ϧιʔεͷ࡞੒Λ๷͙࢓૊ΈͰ͢ɻ ϙϦγʔ੍ޚʹ͸7BMJEBUJPOͱ.VUBUJPOͷछྨͷ੍ޚํ͕ࣜ͋Γ·͢ɻ ͜͜Ͱ͸ѱҙͷ͋Δ߈ܸऀʹΑΔෆਖ਼ͳϦιʔεͷ࡞੒Λ๷͙ͱ͍͏จ຺ͰϙϦγʔ੍ޚͷղઆΛߦͳ͍ͬͯ·͕͢ɺ ϙϦγʔ੍ޚ͸,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελͷར༻ऀʹΑͬͯҙਤͤͣ੬ऑͳϦιʔε͕࡞੒͞ΕΔ͜ͱΛ๷͙ͱ͍͏ޮՌ΋͋Γ·͢ɻ BQJ7FSTJPOW LJOE1PE TQFD IPTU1*%USVF DPOUBJOFST TFDVSJUZ$POUFYU QSJWJMFHFEUSVF .VUBUJPO 7BMJEBUJPO TQFD IPTU1*%GBMTF TFDVSJUZ$POUFYU QSJWJMFHFEGBMTF 1PEͷσϓϩΠΛېࢭ ϙϦγʔʹ४ڌ͢ΔΑ͏ʹઃఆΛॻ͖׵͑ͯ1PEΛσϓϩΠ ରࡦ ϙϦγʔʹ४ڌ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍1PEΛ࡞੒

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ࢀߟ ,VCFSOFUFT"1*ʹ͓͚ΔॲཧͷྲྀΕ ,VCFSOFUFT"1* LVCFBQJTFSWFS ͕ϦΫΤετΛड৴͢Δͱɺ ҎԼͷΑ͏ͳϑΣʔζΛܦͯϦιʔε͕࡞੒͞Ε·͢ ௨ৗϙϦγʔ੍ޚ͸"ENJTTJPOϑΣʔζͰߦΘΕ·͢ɻ Ϣʔβʔͷೝূ "VUIFOUJDBUJPO "VUIPSJ[BUJPO "ENJTTJPO ݖݶʹجͮ͘ೝՄ ϦΫΤετ಺༰ͷ ݕূ 7BMJEBUJPO ͱมߋ .VUBUJPO $POUSPMMJOH"DDFTTUPUIF,VCFSOFUFT"1* IUUQTLVCFSOFUFTJPEPDTDPODFQUTTFDVSJUZDPOUSPMMJOHBDDFTT 3.2.2. Kubernetesクラスタに対する権限制御 3.2.3. Kubernetesクラスタのポリシー制御 ,VCFSOFUFT"1* LVCFBQJTFSWFS .VUBUJPO 7BMJEBUJPO ରࡦ

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,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελͷϙϦγʔ੍ޚ ϙϦγʔ੍ޚΛ࣮ݱ͢Δ୅දతͳखஈͱͯ͠ɺྫ͑͹ҎԼͷΑ͏ͳ΋ͷ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ ✅1PE4FDVSJUZ"ENJTTJPO ,VCFSOFUFT#VJMUJOW4UBCMF ɹɹIUUQTLVCFSOFUFTJPEPDTDPODFQUTTFDVSJUZQPETFDVSJUZBENJTTJPO ✅7BMJEBUJOH"ENJTTJPO1PMJDZ ,VCFSOFUFT#VJMUJOW4UBCMF ɹɹIUUQTLVCFSOFUFTJPEPDTSFGFSFODFBDDFTTBVUIOBVUI[WBMJEBUJOHBENJTTJPOQPMJDZ ✅.VUBUJOH"ENJTTJPO1PMJDZ ,VCFSOFUFT#VJMUJOW"MQIB༧ఆ ɹɹ ,&1 IUUQTHJUIVCDPNLVCFSOFUFTFOIBODFNFOUTUSFFNBTUFSLFQTTJHBQJNBDIJOFSZNVUBUJOHBENJTTJPOQPMJDJFT ɹɹ ଟ෼ެࣜEPD͸͜ΕʹͳΔ͸ͣ IUUQTLVCFSOFUFTJPEPDTSFGFSFODFBDDFTTBVUIOBVUI[NVUBUJOHBENJTTJPOQPMJDZ ✅,ZWFSOP SE1BSUZ ɹɹIUUQTLZWFSOPJP ✅01"(BUFLFFQFS SE1BSUZ ɹɹIUUQTPQFOQPMJDZBHFOUHJUIVCJPHBUFLFFQFSXFCTJUF ରࡦ

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,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελͷϙϦγʔ੍ޚ ϙϦγʔ ֓ཁ نఆ߲໨ͷྫ ηΩϡϦςΟϨϕϧ 1SJWJMFHFE ઃఆ߲໨ʹنఆΛઃ͚ͳ͍ϙϦγʔ نఆͳ͠ ௿ #BTFMJOF ϦεΫ͕໌֬Ͱ͋Δઃఆ߲໨ʹ͍ͭͯ࠷௿ݶͷنఆΛߦͬͨϙϦγʔ ɾಛݖίϯςφͷېࢭ ɾϗετͱͷ/BNFTQBDFڞ༗ͷېࢭ ɾ)PTU1BUIͷېࢭ FUD த 3FTUSJDUFE ৄࡉͳઃఆ߲໨·ͰنఆΛߦͬͨϕετϓϥΫςΟεʹ֘౰͢ΔϙϦγʔ ɾ#BTFMJOFͷ߲໨શͯ ɾSPPUϢʔβʔͰͷίϯςφ࣮ߦېࢭ ɾಛݖঢ֨ͷېࢭ ɾ4FDDPNQͷڧ੍ FUD ߴ ͜͜Ͱ͸ྫͱͯ͠ɺ,VCFSOFUFT#VJMUJOͷػೳͰ͋Δ1PE4FDVSJUZ"ENJTTJPOʹ͍ͭͯղઆ͠·͢ɻ 1PE4FDVSJUZ"ENJTTJPOͰ͸ɺ͋Β͔͡Ί,VCFSOFUFTͰఆٛ͞Εͨ1PEʹؔ͢Δ ϙϦγʔ 1PE4FDVSJUZ4UBOEBSET ʹج͖ͮϙϦγʔ੍ޚ 7BMJEBUJPO Λߦ͏͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ 1PE4FDVSJUZ4UBOEBSET IUUQTLVCFSOFUFTJPEPDTDPODFQUTTFDVSJUZQPETFDVSJUZTUBOEBSET 1PE4FDVSJUZ4UBOEBSETͷ֓ཁ ରࡦ

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,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελͷϙϦγʔ੍ޚ ϙϦγʔ ֓ཁ نఆ߲໨ͷྫ ηΩϡϦςΟϨϕϧ 1SJWJMFHFE ઃఆ߲໨ʹنఆΛઃ͚ͳ͍ϙϦγʔ نఆͳ͠ ௿ #BTFMJOF ϦεΫ͕໌֬Ͱ͋Δઃఆ߲໨ʹ͍ͭͯ࠷௿ݶͷنఆΛߦͬͨϙϦγʔ ɾಛݖίϯςφͷېࢭ ɾϗετͱͷ/BNFTQBDFڞ༗ͷېࢭ ɾ)PTU1BUIͷېࢭ FUD த 3FTUSJDUFE ৄࡉͳઃఆ߲໨·ͰنఆΛߦͬͨϕετϓϥΫςΟεʹ֘౰͢ΔϙϦγʔ ɾ#BTFMJOFͷ߲໨શͯ ɾSPPUϢʔβʔͰͷίϯςφ࣮ߦېࢭ ɾಛݖঢ֨ͷېࢭ ɾ4FDDPNQͷڧ੍ FUD ߴ 1PE4FDVSJUZ4UBOEBSET IUUQTLVCFSOFUFTJPEPDTDPODFQUTTFDVSJUZQPETFDVSJUZTUBOEBSET 1PE4FDVSJUZ4UBOEBSETͷ֓ཁ ରࡦ QSJWJMFHFEUSVFΛېࢭ IPTU1*%USVFΛېࢭ ͜͜Ͱ͸ྫͱͯ͠ɺ,VCFSOFUFT#VJMUJOͷػೳͰ͋Δ1PE4FDVSJUZ"ENJTTJPOʹ͍ͭͯղઆ͠·͢ɻ 1PE4FDVSJUZ"ENJTTJPOͰ͸ɺ͋Β͔͡Ί,VCFSOFUFTͰఆٛ͞Εͨ1PEʹؔ͢Δ ϙϦγʔ 1PE4FDVSJUZ4UBOEBSET ʹج͖ͮϙϦγʔ੍ޚ 7BMJEBUJPO Λߦ͏͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ

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,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελͷϙϦγʔ੍ޚ 1PE4FDVSJUZ"ENJTTJPOʹΑΔϙϦγʔ੍ޚ͸ɺ ੍ޚର৅ͱ͢Δ/BNFTQBDFʹϥϕϧΛ෇༩͢Δ͜ͱͰ࣮ݱͰ͖·͢ɻ ҎԼ͸UNQ/BNFTQBDFʹରͯ͠#BTFMJOFϙϦγʔʹҧ൓͢Δ1PEͷσϓϩΠΛېࢭ͢ΔྫͰ͢ɻ BQJ7FSTJPOW LJOE/BNFTQBDF NFUBEBUB OBNFUNQ MBCFMT #BTFMJOFϙϦγʔʹҧ൓͢Δ1PEͷσϓϩΠΛېࢭ QPETFDVSJUZLVCFSOFUFTJPFOGPSDFCBTFMJOF QPETFDVSJUZLVCFSOFUFTJPFOGPSDFWFSTJPOW 3FTUSJDUFEϙϦγʔʹҧ൓͢Δ1PEͷσϓϩΠΛݕ஌ͨ͠৔߹͸"VEJU-PHʹه࿥ QPETFDVSJUZLVCFSOFUFTJPBVEJUSFTUSJDUFE QPETFDVSJUZLVCFSOFUFTJPBVEJUWFSTJPOW 3FTUSJDUFEϙϦγʔʹҧ൓͢Δ1PEͷσϓϩΠΛݕ஌ͨ͠৔߹͸ܯࠂΛදࣔ QPETFDVSJUZLVCFSOFUFTJPXBSOSFTUSJDUFE QPETFDVSJUZLVCFSOFUFTJPXBSOWFSTJPOW 1PE4FDVSJUZ"ENJTTJPO IUUQTLVCFSOFUFTJPEPDTDPODFQUTTFDVSJUZQPETFDVSJUZBENJTTJPO baselineに違反するPodを禁止 ରࡦ

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,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελͷϙϦγʔ੍ޚ ࣮ࡍʹ#BTFMJOFϙϦγʔʹҧ൓͢Δ1PEͷσϓϩΠΛࢼΈΔͱɺ σϓϩΠʹࣦഊ͢Δ͜ͱ͕֬ೝͰ͖·͢ɻ45&1Ͱ͸͜ͷΑ͏ͳϙϦγʔ੍ޚ͕ߦΘΕ͍ͯΕ͹ɺ ߈ܸऀʹΑΔ੬ऑͳ1PEͷσϓϩΠΛ๷͙͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·ͨ͠ɻ DBU&0'cLVCFDUMBQQMZG BQJ7FSTJPOW LJOE1PE NFUBEBUB OBNFNBMJDJPVTQPE OBNFTQBDFUNQ TQFD IPTU1*%USVF TFDVSJUZ$POUFYU QSJWJMFHFEUSVF &0' &SSPSGSPNTFSWFS 'PSCJEEFO FSSPSXIFODSFBUJOH45%*/QPETNBMJDJPVTQPEJTGPSCJEEFOWJPMBUFT1PE4FDVSJUZ CBTFMJOFWIPTUOBNFTQBDFT IPTU1*%USVF QSJWJMFHFE DPOUBJOFSVCVOUVNVTUOPUTFU TFDVSJUZ$POUFYUQSJWJMFHFEUSVF baselineに違反するPodのデプロイが拒否された ରࡦ

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<ରࡦ>/PEF΁ͷ৵ೖ 45&1

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<ରࡦ>/PEF΁ͷ৵ೖ 45&1 45&1Ͱ͸߈ܸऀ͸45&1ͰσϓϩΠͨ͠ಛݖίϯςφΛؚΉ੬ऑͳ1PEʹ৵ೖ͠ɺ ͔ͦ͜Β/PEFʹ৵ೖ $POUBJOFS#SFBLPVU ͠·ͨ͠ɻ ͞Βʹ৵ೖͨ͠/PEFΛܦ༝ͯ͠ɺ1PEʹؚ·ΕΔൿີ৘ใΛୣऔ͠·ͨ͠ɻ QSPE UNQ UNQ NBMJDJPVTQPE CBDLFOEBQQ UFTUQPE OPEF #### OPEF """" DQ $$$$ /PEFʹ৵ೖ

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<ରࡦ>/PEF΁ͷ৵ೖ 45&1 ࠓճͷ45&1ͷέʔεʹ͓͍ͯɺ׬ᘳͳରࡦ͸΄΅ෆՄೳͰ͢ɻ ίϯςφ͸௨ৗɺίϯςφϗετ͔Βִ཭͞Εͨϓϩηεͱ࣮ͯ͠ߦ͞Ε·͢ɻ ͔͠͠45&1Ͱ߈ܸऀ͕σϓϩΠͨ͠ಛݖίϯςφ QSJWJMFHFEUSVF ͸ɺ ίϯςφϗετͷ-JOVYΧʔωϧʹରͯ͠શͯͷݖݶΛִ࣋ͭ཭ੑͷ௿͍ϓϩηεͱ࣮ͯ͠ߦ͞Ε·͢ɻ ͭ·Γಛݖίϯςφʹ৵ೖ͞ΕΔ͜ͱ͸ɺ/PEFͷಛݖΛୣऔ͞Εͨͷͱಉ౳Ͱ͋Δͱݴ͑·͢ɻ ˞ίϯςφͰ͸ݖݶҎ֎ʹ΋ɺ/BNFTQBDFΛ͸͡Ίͱ࣮ͨ͠ߦۭؒ΍ɺϑΝΠϧγεςϜɺϦιʔεͳͲෳ਺ͷٕज़Λ૊Έ߹Θִͤͨ཭͕࣮ݱ͞Ε·͢ɻ ɹ45&1Ͱ͸QSJWJMFHFEUSVFҎ֎ʹIPTU1*%USVFͱ͍͏ઃఆΛߦͳ͍ͬͯ·͕͢ɺ͜Ε͸1*%/BNFTQBDFΛίϯςφͱϗετͰڞ༗͢Δͱ͍͏ઃఆͰ͢ɻ ɹ͜Ε͸͋͘·Ͱ߈ܸΛ੒ཱ͠΍͘͢͢ΔͨΊͷઃఆͳͷͰɺ͜͜Ͱ͸ਂ͘ݴٴ͠·ͤΜɻ /PEF ίϯςφϗετ /PEFͷ-JOVYΧʔωϧʹର͢Δ ݖݶ੍͕ݶ͞Εͳ͍ ͋ΒΏΔૢ࡞͕Մೳ ࣮ߦ؀ڥݖݶϦιʔε ͷ؍఺Ͱִ཭ $POUBJOFS 1SPDFTT $POUBJOFS 1SPDFTT ڐՄ͞Εͨૢ࡞ͷΈՄೳ

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<ରࡦ>/PEF΁ͷ৵ೖ 45&1 ɹ✅ίϯςφઐ༻04 ɹ✅ৼΔ෣͍؂ࢹ ͜͜Ͱ͸͜ͷΑ͏ͳϦεΫʹର͢Δ؇࿨ࡦ΍؂ࢹํ๏Λ঺հ͠·͢ɻ

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<ରࡦ>/PEF΁ͷ৵ೖ 45&1 ɹ✅ίϯςφઐ༻04 ɹ✅ৼΔ෣͍؂ࢹ ͜͜Ͱ͸͜ͷΑ͏ͳϦεΫʹର͢Δ؇࿨ࡦ΍؂ࢹํ๏Λ঺հ͠·͢ɻ

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ίϯςφઐ༻04 45&1ͷྫͰ͸ɺ߈ܸऀ͕σϓϩΠͨ͠੬ऑͳ1PEʹؚ·ΕΔ ಛݖίϯςφ͔Β/PEFʹؚ·ΕΔCBTIΛ࣮ߦ͢Δ͜ͱͰɺ /PEF΁ͷ৵ೖ $POUBJOFS#SFBLPVU Λߦͳ͍ͬͯ·ͨ͠ɻ /PEF NBMJDJPVTQPE CBTI ҙਤతʹ/PEFͱͷ ִ཭ੑΛ௿Լͤͨ͞ίϯςφ ✌ ίϯςφ͔Β/PEFͷCBTIΛ࣮ߦ OTFOUFSUBCJOCBTI IPTUOBNF OPEF ཁҼ $POUBJOFS 1SPDFTT

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ίϯςφઐ༻04 $POUBJOFS3VOUJNF $POUBJOFS3VOUJNF LVCFMFU LVCFMFU CBTI TTI ൚༻04 ίϯςφઐ༻04 ɾ ɾ ɾ ͜Εʹର͢Δରࡦͱͯ͠ɺίϯςφ࣮ߦʹಛԽͨ͠ίϯςφઐ༻04ͷ࢖༻͕ڍ͛ΒΕ·͢ɻ ίϯςφઐ༻04͸൚༻04 3)&-΍6CVOUVͳͲ ͱൺ΂ඞཁ࠷௿ݶͷ΋ͷͷΈؚ͕·Ε͍ͯΔͨΊɺ ,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελΛߏ੒͢Δ/PEFͷ-JOVYσΟετϦϏϡʔγϣϯͱͯ͠࠾༻͢Δ͜ͱͰ ੬ऑੑ΍ΞλοΫαʔϑΣεͷ࡟ݮʹ༗ޮͰ͋Δͱݴ͑·͢ɻ ˞ͦͷଞʹ΋ಛఆͷϑΝΠϧγεςϜ͕3FBE0OMZʹͳ͍ͬͯΔͳͲɺσΟετϦϏϡʔγϣϯʹΑΓৄࡉͳ࢓༷͸ҟͳΓ·͢ ରࡦ ίϯςφͷ࣮ߦʹෆཁͳ΋ͷΛ ۃྗؚ·ͳ͍

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ίϯςφઐ༻04 ίϯςφઐ༻04ʹ͸ྫ͑͹࣍ͷ΋ͷ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ ✅#PUUMFSPDLFU "84 IUUQTBXTBNB[PODPNCPUUMFSPDLFU ✅$POUBJOFS0QUJNJ[FE04 (PPHMF$MPVE IUUQTDMPVEHPPHMFDPNDPOUBJOFSPQUJNJ[FEPT ✅"[VSF-JOVY$POUBJOFS)PTU .JDSPTPGU"[VSF IUUQTMFBSONJDSPTPGUDPNB[VSFB[VSFMJOVY ✅'FEPSB$PSF04 'FEPSB IUUQTGFEPSBQSPKFDUPSHDPSFPT ✅5BMPT-JOVY 4*%&30-"# IUUQTXXXUBMPTEFW ରࡦ

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ίϯςφઐ༻04 45&1Ͱ͸ɺCBTIΛؚ·ͳ͍ίϯςφઐ༻04Λ/PEFͷ04ͱͯ͠࢖༻͍ͯ͠Ε͹ɺ ߈ܸऀʹΑΔ/PEF΁ͷ৵ೖΛ๷͙͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·ͨ͠ɻ /PEF ίϯςφઐ༻04 NBMJDJPVTQPE CBTI ҙਤతʹ/PEFͱͷ ִ཭ੑΛ௿Լͤͨ͞ίϯςφ /PEFʹCBTIؚ͕·Ε͍ͯͳ͍ OTFOUFSUBCJOCBTI OTFOUFSGBJMFEUPFYFDVUFCJOCBTI/PTVDI fi MFPSEJSFDUPSZ ରࡦ ˞5BMPT-JOVYͷྫ $POUBJOFS 1SPDFTT

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ίϯςφઐ༻04 ͨͩ͠ɺಛݖίϯςφ͸-JOVYΧʔωϧʹର͢ΔશͯͷݖݶΛ͍࣋ͬͯΔͨΊɺ ඞͣ͠΋׬ᘳͳରࡦʹ͸ͳΒͳ͍఺ʹ஫ҙ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ /PEF ίϯςφઐ༻04 NBMJDJPVTQPE ҙਤతʹ/PEFͱͷ ִ཭ੑΛ௿Լͤͨ͞ίϯςφ %08/ FDIPPQSPDTZTSRUSJHHFS -JOVYΧʔωϧͷ.BHJD4ZTUFN3FRVFTU,FZʹΑΓ /PEFΛγϟοτμ΢ϯ QSPDGT ରࡦ ˞5BMPT-JOVYͷྫ $POUBJOFS 1SPDFTT

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<ରࡦ>/PEF΁ͷ৵ೖ 45&1 ɹ✅ίϯςφઐ༻04 ɹ✅ৼΔ෣͍؂ࢹ ͜͜Ͱ͸͜ͷΑ͏ͳϦεΫʹର͢Δ؇࿨ࡦ΍؂ࢹํ๏Λ঺հ͠·͢ɻ

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ৼΔ෣͍؂ࢹ ηΩϡϦςΟΛߟ͑Δ্Ͱɺ߈ܸΛະવʹ๷͙ͨΊͷରࡦ͸ॏཁͰ͢ɻ ͜ΕʹՃ͑ɺສҰ,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελͰ$POUBJOFS#SFBLPVUͷΑ͏ͳෆਖ਼ͳૢ࡞͕ߦΘΕͨ৔߹ɺ ͦΕΒΛݕ஌͢ΔͨΊͷηΩϡϦςΟ؂ࢹΛߦ͏͜ͱ΋·ͨॏཁͰ͢ɻ ͜͜Ͱ͸ίϯςφͷηΩϡϦςΟ؂ࢹͷதͰ΋୅දతͳৼΔ෣͍؂ࢹʹ͍ͭͯղઆ͠·͢ɻ ରࡦ 🚨

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ৼΔ෣͍؂ࢹ ίϯςφͷৼΔ෣͍؂ࢹͰ͸ίϯςφ͕࣮ߦͨ͠γεςϜίʔϧ΍ίϯςφ಺Ͱͷϓϩηε࣮ߦɺ ϑΝΠϧΞΫηε౳Λ؂ࢹ͢Δ͜ͱͰɺಛఆͷϧʔϧʹج͖ͮηΩϡϦςΟϦεΫʹܨ͕ΓಘΔ ΠϕϯτΛݕ஌͠·͢ɻ /PEF 1SPDFTT 4FOTJUJWF 4ZTDBMM ରࡦ $POUBJOFS 1SPDFTT

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ৼΔ෣͍؂ࢹ ৼΔ෣͍؂ࢹΛ࣮ݱ͢Δπʔϧͱͯ͠ɺྫ͑͹࣍ͷ΋ͷ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ ✅'BMDP IUUQTGBMDPPSH ✅5FUSBHPO IUUQTUFUSBHPOJP ✅5SBDFF IUUQTBRVBTFDVSJUZHJUIVCJPUSBDFF ରࡦ

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ৼΔ෣͍؂ࢹ ҎԼ͸'BMDPʹΑΔ45&1ͷ$POUBJOFS#SFBLPVUʹؔ͢ΔΠϕϯτݕ஌ͷྫͰ͢ɻ ݕ஌ͨ͠Πϕϯτ͸'BMDPTJEFLJDLΛ༻͍ͯ4MBDL౳ʹసૹՄೳ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ LVCFDUMMPHTGBMDPLTHMCOGBMDPG *OGPSNBUJPOBM1SJWJMFHFEDPOUBJOFSTUBSUFE FWU@UZQFDPOUBJOFSVTFSVTFS@VJE VTFS@MPHJOVJEQSPDFTTDPOUBJOFSEGBBQSPD@FYFQBUIQBSFOU/"DPNNBOEDPOUBJOFSEGBB UFSNJOBMDPOUBJOFS@JEEGBBDPOUBJOFS@JNBHFEPDLFSJPMJCSBSZVCVOUVDPOUBJOFS@JNBHF@UBH DPOUBJOFS@OBNFVCVOUVLT@OTUNQLT@QPE@OBNFNBMJDJPVTQPE /PUJDF"TIFMMXBTTQBXOFEJOBDPOUBJOFSXJUIBOBUUBDIFEUFSNJOBM FWU@UZQFFYFDWFVTFSSPPU VTFS@VJEVTFS@MPHJOVJEQSPDFTTCBTIQSPD@FYFQBUIVTSCJOCBTIQBSFOUDPOUBJOFSETIJNDPNNBOECBTI UFSNJOBMFYF@ fl BHT&9&@83*5"#-&c&9&@-08&3@-":&3DPOUBJOFS@JEEGBB DPOUBJOFS@JNBHFEPDLFSJPMJCSBSZVCVOUVDPOUBJOFS@JNBHF@UBHDPOUBJOFS@OBNFVCVOUVLT@OTUNQ LT@QPE@OBNFNBMJDJPVTQPE /PUJDF/BNFTQBDFDIBOHF TFUOT CZVOFYQFDUFEQSPHSBN FWU@UZQFTFUOTVTFSSPPUVTFS@VJE VTFS@MPHJOVJEQSPDFTTOTFOUFSQSPD@FYFQBUIVTSCJOOTFOUFSQBSFOUCBTIDPNNBOEOTFOUFSUBCJOCBTI UFSNJOBMDPOUBJOFS@JEEGBBDPOUBJOFS@JNBHFEPDLFSJPMJCSBSZVCVOUVDPOUBJOFS@JNBHF@UBH DPOUBJOFS@OBNFVCVOUVLT@OTUNQLT@QPE@OBNFNBMJDJPVTQPE ରࡦ nsenterによるContainer Breakoutを検知 'BMDPTJEFLJDL IUUQTGBMDPPSHEPDTPVUQVUTGPSXBSEJOH 特権コンテナが実行されたことを検知コンテナ内でshellを実行されたことを検知

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ରࡦͷ·ͱΊ ؍఺ ରࡦͷ֓ཁ ରࡦख๏ͷྫ ,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελʹର͢Δ/8੍ޚ ֎෦͔Βͷ,VCFSOFUFTίϯϙʔωϯτ΁ͷෆਖ਼ͳ/8ΞΫηεΛ๷ࢭ͢Δ %$$MPVE/8 ,VCFSOFUFTίϯϙʔωϯτͷઃఆ ,VCFSOFUFTίϯϙʔωϯτͷઃఆΛద੾ʹߦ͍ηΩϡϦςΟϨϕϧΛ޲্ͤ͞Δ LVCFCFODI ,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελ಺෦ͷ/8੍ޚ ,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελ಺෦Ͱͷෆਖ਼ͳ/8ΞΫηεΛ๷ࢭ͢Δ /FUXPSL1PMJDZ ,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελʹର͢Δݖݶ੍ޚ ࠷খݖݶͷݪଇʹ४ڌ͠Ϋϥελͷෆਖ਼ͳૢ࡞Λ๷ࢭ͢Δ 3#"$ ,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελͷϙϦγʔ੍ޚ ϙϦγʔ੍ޚͷ࣮ࢪʹΑΓෆਖ਼ͳϦιʔεͷ࡞੒Λ๷ࢭ͢Δ 1PE4FDVSJUZ"ENJTTJPO 7BMJEBUJOH"ENJTTJPO1PMJDZ .VUBUJOH"ENJTTJPO1PMJDZ SEQBSUZ ίϯςφઐ༻04 /PEFʹίϯςφઐ༻04Λ༻͍Δ͜ͱͰΞλοΫαʔϑΣεΛ࠷খԽ͢Δ $MPVE$P4 'FEPSB$PSF04 5BMPT-JOVY ৼΔ෣͍؂ࢹ ηΩϡϦςΟϦεΫʹܨ͕ΓಘΔΫϥελ಺Ͱͷෆ৹ͳڍಈΛݕ஌͢Δ 'BMDP 5FUSBHPO 5SBDFF ߈ܸࣄྫͷ45&1ʹԊͬͯɺ,VCFSOFUFTʹ͓͚Δ୅දతͳηΩϡϦςΟରࡦΛղઆ͠·ͨ͠ɻ

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ࢀߟ ͦͷଞରࡦͷྫ ,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελࣗମʹؔ͢Δରࡦʹ͸֘౰͠·ͤΜ͕ɺ,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελΛར༻͢Δ ίϯςφ։ൃऀͷηΩϡϦςΟରࡦΛิॿ͢Δख๏ͱͯ͠ྫ͑͹࣍ͷΑ͏ͳ΋ͷ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ ✅ܧଓతͳεΩϟϯ ɹ,VCFSOFUFTͰ࣮ߦ͞ΕΔ1PEʹؚ·ΕΔ੬ऑੑ΍ઃఆෆඋΛܧଓతʹεΩϟϯ͢Δɻ ɹɹ5SJWZ0QFSBUPS IUUQTBRVBTFDVSJUZHJUIVCJPUSJWZPQFSBUPS ɹɹ,VCFTDBQF0QFSBUPS IUUQTLVCFTDBQFJPEPDTPQFSBUPS ✅Πϝʔδॺ໊ͷݕূ ɹ࢖༻͢ΔίϯςφΠϝʔδͷॺ໊Λݕূ͠ɺෆਖ਼ͳίϯςφΠϝʔδͷ࢖༻Λ๷ࢭ͢Δɻ ɹɹ1PMJDZ$POUSPMMFS IUUQTEPDTTJHTUPSFEFWQPMJDZDPOUSPMMFSPWFSWJFX ɹɹ,ZWFSOP IUUQTLZWFSOPJPEPDTXSJUJOHQPMJDJFTWFSJGZJNBHFTTJHTUPSF ✅αϯυϘοΫε؀ڥͷఏڙ ɹηΩϡϦςΟ͕ڧԽ͞ΕͨίϯςφϥϯλΠϜΛఏڙ͢Δ͜ͱͰִ཭ੑͷߴ͍ίϯςφͷ࣮ߦΛࢧԉ͢Δɻ ɹɹ3VOUJNF$MBTT IUUQTLVCFSOFUFTJPEPDTDPODFQUTDPOUBJOFSTSVOUJNFDMBTT ɹɹH7JTPS IUUQTHWJTPSEFW ɹɹ,BUB$POUBJOFST IUUQTLBUBDPOUBJOFSTJP

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ࢀߟ աڈʹൃݟ͞Εͨ,VCFSOFUFTʹؔ࿈͢Δ੬ऑੑͷྫ ,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελͰར༻͢Δίϯϙʔωϯτʹؚ·ΕΔ੬ऑੑʹ͍ͭͯ΋஫ҙ͕ඞཁͰ͢ɻ ✅$7&IUUQTOWEOJTUHPWWVMOEFUBJMDWF ɹɹ/PEFͱͷ௨৴Λߦ͏ࡍʹDSFEFOUJBM৘ใ͕ୣऔ͞ΕΔՄೳੑʹܨ͕ΔLVCFBQJTFSWFSͷ੬ऑੑ ✅$7&IUUQTOWEOJTUHPWWVMOEFUBJM$7& ɹɹίϯςφ͔ΒDHSPVQWͷSFMFBTF@BHFOUΛհͯ͠ಛݖঢ֨ΛҾ͖ى͜͢-JOVYΧʔωϧͷ੬ऑੑ ✅$7& -FBLZ7FTTFMT IUUQTOWEOJTUHPWWVMOEFUBJM$7& ɹɹίϯςφ͔ΒίϯςφϗετͷϑΝΠϧγεςϜ΁ͷΞΫηεΛҾ͖ى͜͢SVODͷ੬ऑੑ ✅$7&IUUQTOWEOJTUHPWWVMOEFUBJM$7& ɹɹඇਪ঑ͷHJU3FQPUZQFWPMVNFΛ࢖༻ͯ͠ಛݖঢ֨ΛҾ͖ى͜͢LVCFMFUͷ੬ऑੑɹɹ ࢀߟ ,VCFSOFUFT0 ff i DJBM$7&'FFE ɹɹɹIUUQTLVCFSOFUFTJPEPDTSFGFSFODFJTTVFTTFDVSJUZP ffi DJBMDWFGFFE

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·ͱΊ ✅,VCFSOFUFTʹ͓͚ΔηΩϡϦςΟରࡦΛ۩ମతϦεΫͱඥ෇͚ͯղઆ ɹɹ✔ʮى͖ͯཉ͘͠ͳ͍͜ͱʯ ϦεΫ Λཧղͯ͠ద੾ͳରࡦΛ࣮ࢪ͢Δ ɹɹ✔৔߹ʹΑͬͯ͸ϦεΫͷड༰΋બ୒ࢶͷͭ ✅঺հͨ͠ରࡦख๏͸ͲΕ΋ࣖʹೖΓ΍͍͢Ұൠతͳ΋ͷ ɹɹ✔֤ख๏͕ͲͷΑ͏ͳ৔໘Ͱ༗ޮʹػೳ͢Δ͔Λཧղ͓ͯ͘͜͠ͱ͕ॏཁ ɹɹ✔ա৒ͳରࡦʹΑΔίετ૿ͷ๷ࢭ

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খ͞ͳҰา

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খ͞ͳҰาɺେ͖ͳඈ༂ ʙΫϥ΢υωΠςΟϒΛܧଓ͢Δʙ CZ

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,VCFSOFUFTίϯςφηΩϡϦςΟ ,VCFSOFUFTͷηΩϡϦςΟΛߟ͑Δ্Ͱ͸,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελͰ࣮ߦ͞ΕΔ ίϯςφͷηΩϡϦςΟʹ΋ҙࣝΛ޲͚Δඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ ,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελΛ؅ཧ͢Δͱ͍͏໨ઢͰ΋ɺ͜ΕΒͷཧղ͸ෆՄܽͰ͢ɻ "QQMJDBUJPO 安全なワークロードをコンテナとして実行する安全なコンテナ実行環境を提供する $POUBJOFS*NBHF $POUBJOFS ,VCFSOFUFT $MPVE%BUBDFOUFS コンテナセキュリティ

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13 "NB[PO ✅୅දతͳϦεΫΛ࣮ײ͠ରࡦͷߟ͑ํʢجૅʣΛཧղͰ͖Δ ɹɹ✔ϦεΫΛϕʔεͱͨ͠ষߏ੒ʢશέʔεʴЋʣ ɹɹ✔ϦεΫΛ౿·͑ͯରࡦͷجຊݪଇ΍۩ମతख๏ରࡦΛཧղͰ͖Δ ✅ϋϯζΦϯΛ௨ͯ͡۩ମతʹཧղͰ͖Δ ɹɹ✔खΛಈ͔͠ͳ͕Βֶ΂ΔʢϋϯζΦϯ཰͘Β͍ʣ ɹɹ✔,VCFSOFUFT޷͖Ͱ͋Ε͹ͦ͜·ͰηΩϡϦςΟʹڵຯ͕ͳ͍ਓͰ΋ָ͠ΊΔ ϦεΫ͔ΒֶͿ,VCFSOFUFTίϯςφηΩϡϦςΟ ίϯςφ։ൃऀ͕͓͓͑ͯ͘͞΂͖جૅ஌ࣝ ίϯςφηΩϡϦςΟΛֶͿೖΓޱ 絶賛発売中!!

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5IBOL:PV この後も引き続き楽しんでいきましょう！！