Hasso Plattner Institute University of Potsdam, Germany [email protected] @chrisma0 Challenges (and Opportunities!) of a Remote Agile Software Engineering Project Course During COVID-19 Christoph Matthies, Ralf Teusner, Michael Perscheid virtual conference, January ’22 Image: Video Call by Vectors Point from NounProject.com 

2 Case Study Context An undergraduate Agile software engineering course “methods, concepts, and technologies that help successfully deliver large software products developed by multiple teams. [1]” [1]ihttps://hpi.de/plattner/teaching/archive/winter-term-2020-21/ softwaretechnik-ii-agile-software-development-in-large-teams.html Image: Mortar Board by Catia Marsh Mallow from NounProject.com 

Case Study Context 3 Course contents, context and study motivation ■ Practical project course featuring multiple student teams ■ Teams collaborate to build a common product ■ Scrum and Kanban are taught and used in practice ■ Close to real-world software development experiences: large-scale collaboration, software architecture, work organization, customer management COVID pandemic: switch from in-person teamwork to completely virtual setup Image: Virus by Nawicon from NounProject.com 

Main Research Question 4 The aim of this study Research Question: What challenges and opportunities occurred in a multi-team Agile university project course taught (emergency) remotely for the first time? Image: Question by KonKapp from NounProject.com 

Case Study Context 5 ■ Experienced student tutors participate in all regular student team meetings, act as knowledgeable mentors ■ Teaching team member takes on role of project customer supplying requirements and feature wishes ■ Teaching team members available for questions and comments Teaching team support Image: High Five by Adrien Coquet from NounProject.com 

Data Collection 6 ■ Two main methods of data collection: □ Semi-structured notes of regular teaching team meetings □ Anonymous, free-text end-of-term course evaluations ■ Items included that received at least two separate mentions ■ Iteratively grouped into topic cluster Categorized items as challenges or opportunities Perceptions of educators and students Image: Data Collection by Becris from NounProject.com 

Remote Collab. Challenges 7 ■ Encountered challenges of emergency remote teaching experience mirror previous reports □ Especially regarding remote lectures [2] However, we also noticed positives of remote Agile software engineering education and teamwork that were not anticipated Perceived challenges and opportunities [2] Watermeyer, R., Crick, T., Knight, C. et al. COVID-19 and digital disruption in UK universities: afflictions and affordances of emergency online migration. High Educ 81, 623–641 (2021). Image: Challenge by LUTFI GANI AL ACHMAD from NounProject.com 

Positives of Remote Collab. 8 ■ Results: 13 topic clusters on positives of remote collaboration in undergraduate SE project course ■ Surprised by aspects of the remote collaboration approach that were deemed explicitly beneficial ■ Other educators also thought “transforming to online teaching would be much harder than what they experienced” [3] Results of comment analysis regarding opportunities [3] Hjelsvold, R., Nykvist, S., Lorås, M., Bahmani, A., Krokan, A. Educators’ Experiences Online: How COVID-19 Encouraged Pedagogical Change in CS Education. No. 4 UDIT Norsk konferanse for utdanning og didaktikk i IT-fagene. (2020) Image: Positive by Ömer Demirsoy from NounProject.com 

Positives of Remote Collab. 9 Stable communication structures ■ Teams' communication & organizational structures did not drastically change from in-person to remote setup ■ Inter-team communication was overwhelmingly digital in previous in-person projects ■ Instant messaging is heavily present in modern life, sending a chat message even in co-located teams is not unusual Extract of observed positives of a remote agile SE course Image: Smartphone by IconMark from NounProject.com 

Positives of Remote Collab. 10 Deeper connection to teaching team ■ Tutors spontaneously asked to join team video calls when questions or issues arose ■ Not possible in in-person meetings, which might not even take place in a shared space that can be easily reached ■ Course tutors reported improved connections to the teams through instant messaging in the remote setup Extract of observed positives of a remote agile SE course Image: Video Call by Vectors Point from NounProject.com 

Positives of Remote Collab. 11 Easier organization of team building activities ■ Organizing team-building activities, finding common time & place, reported as more straightforward in remote teams ■ Efficient virtual communication setup already present, virtual collaborative team activities were quick to set up ■ Mentioned examples included Scribble.io, Among Us, or virtual Settlers of Catan Extract of observed positives of a remote agile SE course Image: Game by Lukasz M. Pogoda from NounProject.com 

Positives of Remote Collab. 12 Documentation by default ■ Digital collaboration tools lead to interactions and team decisions being documented by default ■ Especially reported for Retrospective meetings □ Team issues & solutions persisted in digital spaces □ Readily available in next meeting ■ In in-person course iterations, progress on improvement actions often not tracked because they were forgotten Extract of observed positives of a remote agile SE course Image: Whiteboard by Amiryshakiel from NounProject.com 

Positives of Remote Collab. 13 Increased Pair Programming ■ Remote course featured more Pair Programming ■ Extensive use of code collaboration tools, e.g. LiveShare ■ Virtual setup does not require physical co-location in front of a shared computer ■ Both “driver” and “navigator” can use their customized computing setups, which is more comfortable Extract of observed positives of a remote agile SE course [4] VisualStudio Code Liveshare https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/de/services/live-share/ Image: Pair Programming by Creative Stall from NounProject.com 

■ Study of student and educator perceptions of emergency remote agile software engineering project course ■ Present 10 challenges of remote collaboration in student teams and offer countermeasures based on our teaching experience ■ Identify 13 positives of remote collaboration and action items Ongoing discussion on how to maintain positives in future courses Conclusions 14 Summarized study results and information on full paper Image: Conclusion by Eko Purnomo from NounProject.com 

Summary 15 [email protected] @chrisma0 HPI, University of Potsdam, Germany