Writing Robust Android UI Tests @Alex_Zhukovich

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Non-UI testing UI testing Stress testing View Comparison testing

Android tests Local Instrumentation

Android tests Local Instrumentation Non-UI UI* UI Non-UI

adb shell am instrument Instrumentation >_ Test app Dev app

https://github.com/AlexZhukovich/ImBarista-App

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public class SampleTest { private AndroidDriver driver; @Before public void setUp() throws MalformedURLException { DesiredCapabilities desiredCapabilities = new DesiredCapabilities(); desiredCapabilities.setCapability("platformName", "Android"); desiredCapabilities.setCapability("ensureWebviewsHavePages", true); URL remoteUrl = new URL("http://localhost:4723/wd/hub"); driver = new AndroidDriver(remoteUrl, desiredCapabilities); } @Test public void sampleTest() { MobileElement el7 = (MobileElement) driver.findElementById("com.alexzh.imbarista:id/emailEditText"); el7.sendKeys("test@alexzh.com"); MobileElement el8 = (MobileElement) driver.findElementById("com.alexzh.imbarista:id/passwordEditText"); el8.sendKeys("test"); MobileElement el9 = (MobileElement) driver.findElementById("com.alexzh.imbarista:id/loginButton"); el9.click(); MobileElement el10 = (MobileElement) driver.findElementByAccessibilityId("Profile"); el10.click(); MobileElement el11 = (MobileElement) driver.findElementByAccessibilityId("More options"); el11.click(); MobileElement el12 = (MobileElement) driver.findElementByXPath("/hierarchy/android.widget.FrameLayout/android.widget.FrameLayout/android.widget.ListView/android.widget.LinearLayout[2] /android.widget.LinearLayout/android.widget.RelativeLayout/android.widget.TextView"); el12.click(); } @After public void tearDown() { driver.quit(); } } Appium Recorder

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class) public class RecorderActivityTest { @Rule public ActivityTestRule mActivityTestRule = new ActivityTestRule<>(SplashActivity.class); @Test public void recorderActivityTest() { ViewInteraction textInputEditText = onView( allOf(withId(R.id.emailEditText), childAtPosition(childAtPosition(withId(R.id.emailInputLayout),0),0))); textInputEditText.perform(scrollTo(), replaceText("test@alexzh.com"), closeSoftKeyboard()); ViewInteraction textInputEditText2 = onView( allOf(withId(R.id.passwordEditText),childAtPosition(childAtPosition(withId(R.id.passwordInputLayout), 0), 0))); textInputEditText2.perform(scrollTo(), replaceText("test"), closeSoftKeyboard()); ViewInteraction materialButton = onView( allOf(withId(R.id.loginButton), withText("Login"), childAtPosition(childAtPosition(withId(R.id.scrollView2), 0), 4))); materialButton.perform(scrollTo(), click()); ViewInteraction bottomNavigationItemView = onView( allOf( withId(R.id.navigation_profile), withContentDescription("Profile"), childAtPosition(childAtPosition(withId(R.id.navigation), 0), 2), isDisplayed() )); bottomNavigationItemView.perform(click()); ViewInteraction overflowMenuButton = onView( allOf(withContentDescription("More options"), childAtPosition(childAtPosition(withId(R.id.toolbar), 1), 0), isDisplayed())); overflowMenuButton.perform(click()); ViewInteraction appCompatTextView = onView( allOf(withId(R.id.title), withText("Log Out"), childAtPosition(childAtPosition(withId(R.id.content), 0), 0), isDisplayed())); appCompatTextView.perform(click()); } ... } Espresso Test Recorder

val textInputEditText = onView( allOf( withId(R.id.emailEditText), childAtPosition( childAtPosition( withId(R.id.emailInputLayout), 0 ), 0 ) ) ) textInputEditText.perform(scrollTo(), replaceText("test@alexzh.com"), closeSoftKeyboard()) val textInputEditText2 = onView( allOf( withId(R.id.passwordEditText), childAtPosition( childAtPosition( withId(R.id.passwordInputLayout), 0 ), 0 ) ) ) textInputEditText2.perform(scrollTo(), replaceText("test"), closeSoftKeyboard()) val materialButton = onView( allOf( withId(R.id.loginButton), withText("Login"), childAtPosition( childAtPosition( withId(R.id.scrollView2), 0 ), 4 ) ) ) materialButton.perform(scrollTo(), click()) onView(withId(R.id.emailEditText)) .perform(replaceText("test@alexzh.com")) onView(withId(R.id.passwordEditText)) .perform(replaceText("test")) onView(withId(R.id.loginButton)) .perform(click())

Changes in app Network speed Unreadability Test data

Layout Inspector UI Automator Viewer

@Test fun shouldDisplayErrorWhenPasswordIsBlank() { val email = "test-account@alexzh.com" val password = "" onView(withId(R.id.emailEditText)) .perform(replaceText(email)) onView(withId(R.id.passwordEditText)) .perform(replaceText(password)) onView(withId(R.id.loginButton)) .perform(click()) onView(withText(R.string.password_is_blank)) .check(matches(isDisplayed())) }

onView(withId(R.id.emailEditText)) .perform(replaceText(email)) onView(withId(R.id.passwordEditText)) .perform(replaceText(password), closeSoftKeyboard()) onView(withId(R.id.loginButton)) .perform(click()) val progressBarIR = ViewVisibilityIdlingResource(...) IdlingRegistry.getInstance().register(progressBarIR) onView(withId(R.id.recyclerView)) .check(matches(withItemCount(13))) IdlingRegistry.getInstance().unregister(progressBarIR) onView(withId(R.id.navigation_profile)) .perform(click()) ...

// -- LOGIN -- onView(withId(R.id.emailEditText)) .perform(replaceText(email)) onView(withId(R.id.passwordEditText)) .perform(replaceText(password), closeSoftKeyboard()) onView(withId(R.id.loginButton)) .perform(click()) // -- HOME SCREEN -- val progressBarIR = ViewVisibilityIdlingResource(...) IdlingRegistry.getInstance().register(progressBarIR) onView(withId(R.id.recyclerView)) .check(matches(withItemCount(13))) IdlingRegistry.getInstance().unregister(progressBarIR) onView(withId(R.id.navigation_profile)) .perform(click()) ...

Domain Specific Language

Scenario: 1. Login to application

Scenario: 1. Login to application 2. Open Profile screen 3. Check name and email

Scenario: 1. Login to application 2. Open Profile screen 3. Check name and email 4. Open menu 5. Logout from application

// LOGIN onView(withId(R.id.email)) .perform(replaceText(EMAIL)) onView(withId(R.id.password)) .perform(replaceText(PASSWORD)) onView(withId(R.id.login)) .perform(click())

// LOGIN onView(withId(R.id.email)) .perform(replaceText(EMAIL)) onView(withId(R.id.password)) .perform(replaceText(PASSWORD)) onView(withId(R.id.login)) .perform(click()) open class BaseTestRobot { fun enterText(viewId: Int, text: String) { onView(withId(viewId)) .perform(replaceText(text)) } fun clickOnView(viewId: Int) { onView(withId(viewId)) .perform(click()) } }

// LOGIN onView(withId(R.id.email)) .perform(replaceText(EMAIL)) onView(withId(R.id.password)) .perform(replaceText(PASSWORD)) onView(withId(R.id.login)) .perform(click()) open class BaseTestRobot { fun enterText(viewId: Int, text: String) { onView(withId(viewId)) .perform(replaceText(text)) } fun clickOnView(viewId: Int) { onView(withId(viewId)) .perform(click()) } } class LoginScreenRobot : BaseTestRobot() { fun login(email: String, password: String) { enterText(R.id.email, email) enterText(R.id.password, password) clickOnView(R.id.loginButton) } }

// LOGIN onView(withId(R.id.email)) .perform(replaceText(EMAIL)) onView(withId(R.id.password)) .perform(replaceText(PASSWORD)) onView(withId(R.id.login)) .perform(click()) loginScreen { login(EMAIL, PASSWORD) } open class BaseTestRobot { fun enterText(viewId: Int, text: String) { onView(withId(viewId)) .perform(replaceText(text)) } fun clickOnView(viewId: Int) { onView(withId(viewId)) .perform(click()) } } class LoginScreenRobot : BaseTestRobot() { fun login(email: String, password: String) { enterText(R.id.email, email) enterText(R.id.password, password) clickOnView(R.id.loginButton) } } fun loginScreen(func: LoginScreenRobot.() -> Unit) = LoginScreenRobot().apply { func() }

loginScreen { enterEmail(EMAIL) enterPassword(PASSWORD) pressLogin() } homeScreen { waitCoffeeDrinks() pressProfile() } profileScreen { waitUserData() hasEmail(EMAIL) hasUserName(USER_NAME) openMenu() pressLogout() } loginScreen { isOpen() } loginScreen { login(EMAIL, PASSWORD) } homeScreen { navigateToProfile() } profileScreen { hasEmail(EMAIL) hasUserName(USER_NAME) logout() } loginScreen { isOpen() }

Test case Screen Robot Basic operations

Readability Reusability Building complexity Framework independant

Approaches and tools

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Clear data

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Mock Fake

End to End tests Functional tests 1 1 Entry point Start test from the main screen 2 Interaction with server Verification interaction with server 3 Navigation Verification navigation between screens Entry point Start application from any screen 2 Interaction with server Usually no interaction with prod server 3 Navigation Usually no navigation between screen Navigation between neighbor screens 4 UI verification Fast verification of UI components 4 App verification Slow verification of entire product

Espresso UiAutomator Appium onView(withId(R.id.email)) .perform(replaceText(EMAIL) onView(withId(R.id.password)) .perform(replaceText(PASSWORD) onView(withId(R.id.login)) .check(matchers(isDisplayed())) Synchronization IdlingResources Run any Activity

Espresso UiAutomator Appium val email = device.findObject(By.res(PACKAGE, "email")) email.text = EMAIL val password = device.findObject(By.res(PACKAGE, "password")) email.text = PASSWORD val login = device.findObject(By.res(PACKAGE, "login")) if (login != null) { ... } Interact with OS Interact with any application

Espresso UiAutomator Appium val email = driver.findElement(By.id("email")) email.value = EMAIL val password = driver.findElement(By.id("password")) password.value = PASSWORD val login = driver.findElement(By.id("login")) login.isDisplayed() Interact with OS Interact with any application Support many languages

Espresso UiAutomator Appium Support of Android resources Yes No No

Espresso UiAutomator Appium Support of Android resources Yes No No Test cases type GrayBox BlackBox BlackBox

Espresso UiAutomator Appium Support of Android resources Yes No No Test cases type GrayBox BlackBox BlackBox Execution time 0.976 s 8.743 s 12.154 s

writeTo(R.id.email, EMAIL) writeTo(R.id.password, PASSWORD) clickOn(R.id.login) assertDisplayed(R.id.name, USER_NAME) assertDisplayed(R.id.email, EMAIL) Kakao Barista Kaspresso

writeTo(R.id.email, EMAIL) writeTo(R.id.password, PASSWORD) clickOn(R.id.login) assertDisplayed(R.id.name, USER_NAME) assertDisplayed(R.id.email, EMAIL) @Rule ClearPreferencesRule @Rule ClearDatabaseRule @Rule ClearFilesRule Kakao Barista Kaspresso

writeTo(R.id.email, EMAIL) writeTo(R.id.password, PASSWORD) clickOn(R.id.login) assertDisplayed(R.id.name, USER_NAME) assertDisplayed(R.id.email, EMAIL) @Rule ClearPreferencesRule @Rule ClearDatabaseRule @Rule ClearFilesRule @Test @AllowFlaky(attempts = 5) @Repeat(times = 5) fun flaky_test() { ... } Kakao Barista Kaspresso

@Test fun should_verify_account_information() { val toolbarVisibilityIR = ViewVisibilityIdlingResource(R.id.toolbar, View.VISIBLE) IdlingRegistry.getInstance().register(toolbarVisibilityIR) assertDisplayed(R.id.toolbar) IdlingRegistry.getInstance().unregister(toolbarVisibilityIR) // LOGIN writeTo(R.id.emailEditText, EMAIL) writeTo(R.id.passwordEditText, PASSWORD) closeKeyboard() clickOn(R.id.loginButton) // NAVIGATE TO PROFILE val progressBarIR = ViewVisibilityIdlingResource(R.id.progressBar, View.GONE) IdlingRegistry.getInstance().register(progressBarIR) assertDisplayed(R.id.recyclerView) IdlingRegistry.getInstance().unregister(progressBarIR) clickOn(R.id.navigation_profile) // VERIFY PROFILE INFO val progressProfileIR = ViewVisibilityIdlingResource(R.id.progressBar, View.GONE) IdlingRegistry.getInstance().register(progressProfileIR) assertDisplayed(R.id.nameTextView, USER_NAME) assertDisplayed(R.id.emailTextView, EMAIL) IdlingRegistry.getInstance().unregister(progressProfileIR) // LOGOUT clickMenu(R.id.logout_action) // LOGIN SCREEN intended(hasComponent(LoginActivity::class.java.name)) } Kakao Barista Kaspresso

Kakao Barista Kaspresso onScreen { email.replaceText(EMAIL) password { replaceText(PASSWORD) closeSoftKeyboard() } login.click() }

onScreen { email.replaceText(EMAIL) password { replaceText(PASSWORD) closeSoftKeyboard() } login.click() } Interceptors Kakao Barista Kaspresso

@Test fun should_verify_account_information() { onScreen { email.replaceText(EMAIL) password { replaceText(PASSWORD) closeSoftKeyboard() } login.click() } onScreen { waitCoffeeDrinkList() profileMenuItem.click() } onScreen { waitForProfileInfo() name.hasText(USER_NAME) email.hasText(EMAIL) openMenu() logout.click() } onScreen { loginScreenIntent.intended() } } Kakao Barista Kaspresso

onScreen { email.replaceText(EMAIL) password { replaceText(PASSWORD) closeSoftKeyboard() } login.click() } Include KAutomator Injecting data DSL Interaction with Device Advanced reporting system Handling flaky tests Kakao Barista Kaspresso

Kakao @Test fun should_verify_account_information() = beforeTest { activityTestRule.launchActivity(intent) }.afterTest { ... }.run { onScreen { email.replaceText(EMAIL) password { replaceText(PASSWORD) closeSoftKeyboard() } login.click() } onScreen { waitCoffeeDrinkList() profileMenuItem.click() } onScreen { waitForProfileInfo() name.hasText(USER_NAME) email.hasText(EMAIL) openMenu() logout.click() } onScreen { loginScreenIntent.intended() } } Barista Kaspresso

Pre-populating WireMock RestMock MockWebServer Fake Mock

Activity Fragment

Activity @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class) class LoginActivityTest { @Test fun superImportantTest() { ... ActivityScenario.launch( LoginFragment::class.java ) ... } } Fragment @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class) class LoginActivityTest { @Test fun superImportantTest() { ... launchFragmentInContainer() ... } }

End To End tests Functional tests

Shared tests

Local tests Instrumentation tests Shared tests

android { ... sourceSets { androidTest { java.srcDirs += "src/sharedTest/java" } test { java.srcDirs += "src/sharedTest/java" } } } androidTest sharedTest test

How to start

App flow Priorities Analytical data

App flow Priorities Analytical data

App flow Priorities Analytical data

Flaky tests

Testing approaches Tools Parallel execution Test data

FAILED TESTS FLAKY TESTS

Android Test Orchestrator @Rule ClearPreferencesRule ClearDatabaseRule ClearFilesRule Interceptors @AllowFlaky @

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