Doctrine 2 Doctrine 2 — Laravel Austin 1 

What is Doctrine? An object-relational mapper (ORM) for PHP, that uses the Data Mapper pattern. Doctrine 2 — Laravel Austin 2 

Entities Objects that have a distinct identity, you also hear these called reference objects Doctrine 2 — Laravel Austin 3 

Meta Data Doctrine 2 — Laravel Austin 4 

id; } public function getTitle() { return $this->title; } public function setTitle($title) { $this->title = $title; } } 5 

# App.Article.dcm.yml App\Article: type: entity table: articles id: id: type: integer generator: strategy: AUTO fields: title: type: string 6 

// App.Article.dcm.xml 7 

[ 'type' => 'entity', 'table' => 'articles', 'id' => [ 'id' => [ 'type' => 'integer', 'generator' => [ 'strategy' => 'auto' ] ], ], 'fields' => [ 'title' => [ 'type' => 'string' ] ] ] ]; 8 

mapField(array( 'id' => true, 'fieldName' => 'id', 'type' => 'integer' )); $metadata->mapField(array( 'fieldName' => 'title', 'type' => 'string' )); } } 9 

Embeddables An embeddable is an object that can be mapped to a set of columns in a database table. This object will not be mapped to a table by itself, but will be used inside an entity, so its columns will be mapped to the entity's table instead. Doctrine 2 — Laravel Austin 10 

Mapped Superclasses Mapped superclasses allow us to share common state between our entities, without it being an entity itself. Doctrine 2 — Laravel Austin 12 

Single Table Inheritance An inheritance strategy where all classes are mapped to a single database table Doctrine 2 — Laravel Austin 13 

Class Table Inheritance An inheritance strategy where each class is mapped to several tables: its own, and the parent tables Doctrine 2 — Laravel Austin 15 

Associations Instead of working with foreign keys, you work with references to objects Doctrine 2 — Laravel Austin 17 

Many-To-One (Unidirectional)

One-To-One (Unidirectional)

One-To-One (Bidirectional)

One-To-One (Self-referencing)

One-To-Many (Bidirectional)

One-To-Many (Unidirectional with Join Table)

One-To-Many (Self-referencing)

Many-To-Many (Unidirectional)

Many-To-Many (Bidirectional)

Many-To-Many (Self-referencing)

Entity Manager The central access point to ORM functionality Doctrine 2 — Laravel Austin 28 

Finding Entities $article = EntityManager::find('App\Article', 1); $article->setTitle('Different title'); $article2 = EntityManager::find('App\Article', 1); if ($article === $article2) { echo "Yes we are the same!"; } Doctrine 2 — Laravel Austin 29 

Persisting $article = new Article; $article->setTitle('Let\'s learn about persisting'); EntityManager::persist($article); EntityManager::flush(); Doctrine 2 — Laravel Austin 30 

Flushing // Flush all changes EntityManager::flush(); // Only flush changes of given entity EntityManager::flush($article); Doctrine 2 — Laravel Austin 31 

Removing EntityManager::remove($article); EntityManager::flush(); Doctrine 2 — Laravel Austin 32 

Repositories Design pattern abstraction for your persistence layer Doctrine 2 — Laravel Austin 33 

Ge!ing a Repository $repository = EntityManager::getRepository(Scientist::class); Doctrine 2 — Laravel Austin 34 

Reusing through Inheritance findBy(['name' => $name]); } } // Then, in one of your ServiceProviders use App\Research\Scientist; class AppServiceProvider { public function register() { $this->app->bind(ScientistRepository::class, function($app) { // This is what Doctrine's EntityRepository needs in its constructor. return new DoctrineScientistRepository( $app['em'], $app['em']->getClassMetaData(Scientist::class) ); }); } } 35 

Reusing through Composition genericRepository = $genericRepository; } public function find($id) { return $this->genericRepository->find($id); } public function findByName($name) { return $this->genericRepository->findBy(['name' => $name]); } } // Then, in one of your ServiceProviders use App\Research\Scientist; class AppServiceProvider { public function register() { $this->app->bind(ScientistRepository::class, function(){ return new DoctrineScientistRepository( EntityManager::getRepository(Scientist::class) ); }); } } 36 

Using your custom repository em->createQuery('SELECT u FROM MyDomain\Model\User u WHERE u.status = "admin"') ->getResult(); } } $admins = $em->getRepository('MyDomain\Model\User')->getAllAdminUsers(); Doctrine 2 — Laravel Austin 37 

DQL Doctrine Query Language, an Object Query Language http://docs.doctrine-project.org/projects/doctrine-orm/en/latest/reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html 38 

DQL SELECT clause createQuery('SELECT u FROM MyProject\Model\User u WHERE u.age > :age'); $query->setParameter('age', 20); $users = $query->getResult(); http://docs.doctrine-project.org/projects/doctrine-orm/en/latest/reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html 39 

Joins createQuery("SELECT u FROM User u JOIN u.address a WHERE a.city = 'Berlin'"); $query = $em->createQuery("SELECT u, a FROM User u JOIN u.address a WHERE a.city = 'Berlin'"); $users = $query->getResult(); http://docs.doctrine-project.org/projects/doctrine-orm/en/latest/reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html 40 

Query Builder An API for conditionally constructing a DQL query http://docs.doctrine-project.org/projects/doctrine-orm/en/latest/reference/query-builder.html 41 

High level API methods select('u, a') // string 'u' is converted to array internally ->from('User', 'u') ->join('u.address', 'a') ->where($qb->expr()->eq('a.city', '?1')) ->orderBy('u.surname', 'ASC') ->setParameter(1, 'Berlin'); Doctrine 2 — Laravel Austin 42 

Native SQL Execute native SELECT SQL, mapping the results to Doctrine entities http://docs.doctrine-project.org/projects/doctrine-orm/en/latest/reference/native-sql.html 43 

ResultSetMapping Example addEntityResult('User', 'u'); $rsm->addFieldResult('u', 'id', 'id'); $rsm->addFieldResult('u', 'name', 'name'); $rsm->addJoinedEntityResult('Address' , 'a', 'u', 'address'); $rsm->addFieldResult('a', 'address_id', 'id'); $rsm->addFieldResult('a', 'street', 'street'); $rsm->addFieldResult('a', 'city', 'city'); $sql = 'SELECT u.id, u.name, a.id AS address_id, a.street, a.city FROM users u ' . 'INNER JOIN address a ON u.address_id = a.id WHERE u.name = ?'; $query = $this->em->createNativeQuery($sql, $rsm); $query->setParameter(1, 'romanb'); $users = $query->getResult(); http://docs.doctrine-project.org/projects/doctrine-orm/en/latest/reference/native-sql.html 44 

Other Topics — Proxy objects — Reference proxies — Association proxies — Read-Only entities — Extra-Lazy collections Doctrine 2 — Laravel Austin 45 

Best Practices — Constrain relationships — Use cascades judiciously — Initialize collections in the constructor — Don't map foreign keys to fields — Explicit transaction demarcation Doctrine 2 — Laravel Austin 46 

DEMO Doctrine 2 — Laravel Austin 47 

Questions? Doctrine 2 — Laravel Austin 48