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Kotlin Multiplatform Bryan Herbst

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Beware: Kotlin MPP is under development

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Why cross-platform?

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More platforms = More developers More money More code More bugs

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More platforms = More developers More money More code More bugs

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More platforms = More developers More money More code More bugs

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More platforms = More developers More money More code More bugs

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Fewer platforms = Fewer developers? Less money? Less code? Fewer bugs?

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User Experience is table stakes

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User Experience is table stakes How native is the UI? How responsive is the app?

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User Experience is table stakes How native is the UI? How responsive is the app?

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Developer happiness is critical

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Developer happiness is critical Speed of platform updates Interop with native Interop with existing code Language

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Developer happiness is critical Speed of platform updates Interop with native Interop with existing code Language

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Developer happiness is critical Speed of platform updates Interop with native Interop with existing code Language

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Developer happiness is critical Speed of platform updates Interop with native Interop with existing code Language

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Cross-platform architecture

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What to share?

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As much (or as little) as you want

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Embrace platform differences, but provide a consistent core

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Assumption: you already have an iOS & Android app

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Feature UI Logic Data

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Feature UI Logic Data Data models, Networking

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Feature UI Logic Data Great place to start!

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Feature UI Logic Data ViewControllers, ViewModels

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Feature UI Logic Data Trickier

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Feature UI Logic Data Layouts, Views

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Feature UI Logic Data Probably not worth it

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What is platform dependent?

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What is platform dependent? Almost everything the user sees

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What is platform dependent? Logging

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What is platform dependent? Disk storage

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What is platform dependent? Networking

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Shared Library Common Android iOS

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Shared Library Common Android iOS Android App iOS App

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Shared Library Common Android iOS Android App iOS App lib lib

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Mono Repo Common Android iOS Android App iOS App lib lib

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Shared Library Common Android iOS Android App iOS App lib lib

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How Kotlin MPP works

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kotlinc Main.kt

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kotlinc Frontend Intermediate representation Backend

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kotlinc Frontend Intermediate representation Backend

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kotlinc Frontend Intermediate representation Backend

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kotlinc Frontend Intermediate representation Kotlin JVM

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kotlinc Frontend Intermediate representation Kotlin JS

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kotlinc Frontend Intermediate representation Kotlin Native

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Kotlin JVM Output is bytecode

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Kotlin JVM 100% interoperability

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Kotlin JS Output is JS

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Kotlin JS Output is JS

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Kotlin JS - libraries Dukat binds strongly-typed libraries

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Kotlin JS - libraries dynamic type supports loose typing

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Dynamic val dyn: dynamic = ...

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Dynamic Disables type checking

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Dynamic Can call any property or function

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Kotlin Native Outputs native binary

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Kotlin Native Outputs native binary Executable

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Kotlin Native Outputs native binary Executable C library

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Kotlin Native Outputs native binary Executable C library Apple framework

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Kotlin Native Compiled with LLVM

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Kotlin Native arm32, arm64 x86, x86_64 mingw x86_64 MIPS, rPi wasm32

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Native libraries 1. Create .def 2. Cinterop creates kotlin bindings of C/C++ code

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Native libraries 1. Create .def 2. cinterop produces Kotlin bindings

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Native libraries Platform libraries

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Native libraries Platform libraries e.g. Open GL, objc, posix

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Swift?

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Kotlin Multiplatform

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Main.kt Frontend IR JVM Native JS

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Let’s get started!

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plugins { id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.multiplatform' version '1.3.50’ }

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kotlin { jvm() // Creates a JVM target }

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kotlin { iosArm32("ios32") iosArm64("ios64") configure([ios32, ios64]) { binaries.framework { baseName = "SharedCode" } } }

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kotlin { iosArm32("ios32") iosArm64("ios64") configure([ios32, ios64]) { binaries.framework { baseName = "SharedCode" } } }

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kotlin { iosArm32("ios32") iosArm64("ios64") // Simulator iosX64("iosX64") }

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val sdk = System.getenv("SDK_NAME") if (sdk?.startsWith("iphoneos")) { iosX64("iosX64") } else { //.... }

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Carthage or CocoaPods

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plugins { id("org.jetbrains.kotlin.native.cocoapods") } kotlin { cocoapods { summary = "Shared library" homepage = "http://github.com/shared-lib" } }

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Time to write some code

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Android Notes UI NotesView Model Note (model) Note API iOS Notes UI NotesView Controller Note (model) Note API

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Android Notes UI NotesView Model Note API iOS Notes UI NotesView Controller Note API Shared Note (model)

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Note JSON { content: "Hello", status: "Pinned" }

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iOS struct Note { let content: String let status: String } Android data class Note( val content: String, val status: Status ) enum class Status { }

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iOS struct Note { let content: String let status: String } Android data class Note( val content: String, val status: Status ) enum class Status { }

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iOS struct Note { let content: String let status: String } Android data class Note( val content: String, val status: Status ) enum class Status { }

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data class Note( val content: String, val status: String ) Shared

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data class Note( val content: String, val status: String ) Android

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__attribute__((objc_subclassing_restricted)) __attribute__((swift_name("Note"))) @interface SharedNote : KotlinBase @property (readonly) NSString * content; @property (readonly) NSString * status; @end; iOS

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__attribute__((objc_subclassing_restricted)) __attribute__((swift_name("Note"))) @interface SharedNote : KotlinBase @property (readonly) NSString * content; @property (readonly) NSString * status; @end; iOS

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__attribute__((objc_subclassing_restricted)) __attribute__((swift_name("Note"))) @interface SharedNote : KotlinBase @property (readonly) NSString * content; @property (readonly) NSString * status; @end; iOS – Objective C

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class Note: KotlinBase { private(set) var content: String? private(set) var status: String? } iOS – Swift

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Android Notes UI NotesView Model Note API iOS Notes UI NotesView Controller Note API Shared Note (model)

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Android Notes UI NotesView Model iOS Notes UI NotesView Controller Shared Note (model) Note API

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Serialization Kotlinx.serialization

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@Serializable data class Note( val content: String val status: String )

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Json.nonstrict .stringify( Note.serializer(), note )

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Json.nonstrict .parse( Note.serializer(), jsonString )

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Json.nonstrict .parse( Note.serializer().list, jsonString )

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Serialization is multiplatform!

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Serialization is multiplatform! Charsets, input streams, buffers

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commonMain { dependencies { implementation "serialization-runtime-common" } }

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jvmMain { dependencies { implementation "serialization-runtime" } }

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nativeMain { dependencies { implementation "serialization-runtime-native" } }

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Networking KTOR

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Under the hood - engines Android: OkHttp, HttpUrlConnection

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Under the hood - engines Android: OkHttp, HttpUrlConnection iOS: NSUrlSession

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class NoteApi() { private val client = HttpClient() suspend fun fetchNote(): String = client.get("http://...") }

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How do we support different platforms?

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common/PlatformName.kt expect fun getPlatform(): String

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android/PlatformName.kt actual fun getPlatform()= "Android"

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ios/PlatformName.kt actual fun getPlatform() = "iOS"

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Common/KeyValueStore.kt expect class KeyValueStore() { fun setString(key: String, value: String) fun getString(key: String): String }

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android/KeyValueStore.kt actual class KeyValueStore() { private val prefs: SharedPreferences actual fun setString() //... actual fun getString() //... }

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ios/KeyValueStore.kt actual class KeyValueStore() { private val userDefaults: NSUserDefaults actual fun setString() //... actual fun getString() //... }

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expect interface Closeable { fun close() } actual typealias Closeable = java.io.Closeable

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Platform differences

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Unsupported in Swift/Obj-C Suspend functions Inline classes

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Asyncronous work

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Coroutines Only single-threaded code is currently supported for Kotlin/Native

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Exceptions

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Exceptions All Kotlin exceptions are unchecked

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Exceptions All Kotlin exceptions are unchecked Swift only has checked errors

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Exceptions Annotate with @Throws

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Primitive types Int -> KotlinInt

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Primitive types Int -> KotlinInt (NSNumber)

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Generics

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Generics Experimental for Kotlin Native

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Generics Experimental for Kotlin Native extraOpts "-Xobjc-generics"

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Kotlin: class Generic Swift: class Generic

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Kotlin: class Generic Swift: class Generic

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Kotlin: class Generic(val item: T) Swift: class Generic { let item: T? }

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Kotlin: class Generic(val item: T) Swift: class Generic { let item: T? } ?

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Kotlin: class Generic(val item: T) Swift: class Generic { let item: T }

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Thanks!