Slide 73
Slide 73 text
200 1200 1650 1
16 a city full of spaces
increase in use of space per person in the netherlands
people per
dwelling (m2)
number of m2
in dwelling per
person
footprint of city
and stacking per
inhabitant
1900
1990
1950
2050
40
72
89
8
16
39
2
4
x4
x3
13
x4
195
108
36
x3
total necessary housing surface area has
increased by a factor of 16
5
11
16
1
2,5
6,5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
0
0
2
0
5
9
1
0
0
9
1
aantal*1.000.000
1
1
2,5
2,5
5 11 16
1 2,5 6,5
35
60
72
40
176
620
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0
0
0
2
0
5
9
1
0
0
9
1
aantal*1.000.000
40
40
176
176
176
176
5
11
16
1
2,5
6,5
35
60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0
0
0
2
0
5
9
1
0
0
9
1
60
60
net square metres
inhabitants
halving of dwelling occupancy
doubling of dwelling size
1900 1950 2000
1900 1950 2000
1900 1950 2000
1900 1950 2000
5
11
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
5
5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
number*1.000.000
number*1.000.000
m2
number*1.000.000
m2
number*1.000.000
itiesfullofspaceENG.indd 16 03-12-2008 21:35:48
1900 2000 2020
the leiden region underwent explosive growth during the twentieth century (source: limes atlas). right, the expected space requirements in 2020
explosion of the city:
politics and urgency
Motivations for densification are no longer
found in the city itself. Protective defence
structures (fortified ramparts) have long
since lost their function. Under the influence
of more intensive mobility, technology and
the declining economic importance of the
surrounding agricultural lands, the boundary
between city and landscape has become
diffuse. New freedoms and possibilities have
resulted in an erosion of the contemporary
city and of the urban potential.
the cities of the netherlands
have undergone explosive
growth and have ‘spilled over’
an enormous amount of space.
Amsterdam, for instance, grew from 15 km2
to 200 km2 over the last 100 years, while
its population grew by a mere 50 per cent
(from 500,000 to 750,000 inhabitants).
Had density remained constant, 22.5 km2
would have sufficed.
The figures in the illustration below clearly
show that per capita use of space, directly or
indirectly, is responsible for an expansion of
the urban area by a factor of 6. 70%
a century ago:
5 people per dwelling
short cross sections,
limited view (unilateral orientation),
shallow dwellings on narrow streets
1900
50%
today:
2.3 people per dwelling
long cross sections,
open views (bilateral orientation),
deeper dwellings on broader streets
2000
simply put, half as many
people live in homes three
times as large as a century ago.
when, on top of that, these
homes are situated on twice
as much land, this produces
2 × 3 × 2 = 12.
Finally, the population of the Netherlands
has increased substantially. Whereas a little
more than six million people lived in this
country at the start of the twentieth century,
the Dutch now number 16 million. All this
means the use of space increased by a factor
of 32 during the past century, explaining
the evolution of cartographic data for the
Netherlands over the last 100 years.
cities full of space 17
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
m2 rental
m2 owner occ
total
m2/occupant
content and dwelling occupancy of new-build housing
(source: cbs, leiden)
CitiesfullofspaceENG.indd 17 03-12-2008 21:45:3