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10SPACESOFURBANINVENTION LAHDENKAUPUNKI KATSOMITÄ LÖYSINLAHDESSA MANOOCHEHRIRESOURCEVISION WDCH120905-06LAHTI

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MINDTABLE OLDCURRENTNEW WASTEGREENPRODUCT PUBLICIMAGINATION

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PRE-DESIGN

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PRE-DESIGN BUILT

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PRE-DESIGN BUILT NON-BUILT

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PRE-DESIGN BUILT NON-BUILT POST-DESIGN

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PRE-DESIGN

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MIND SPACE TABLE SPACE

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BUILT

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OLD SPACE CURRENT SPACE NEW SPACE

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NON-BUILT

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GREEN SPACE WASTE SPACE PRODUCT SPACE

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POST-DESIGN

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PUBLIC SPACE IMAGINATION SPACE

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PRE-DESIGN

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MIND SPACE

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MIND SPACE SCIENCE > COMPUTATION

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MIND SPACE SCIENCE > COMPUTATION COGNITIVE CAPACITY

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MASS A VOLUME 3*3*3 = 27 SURFACE 3*3*6 = 54 MASS B VOLUME 1*1*1*27 = 27 SURFACE 1*1*6*27 = 126

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TABLE SPACE

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TABLE SPACE NEW VOICES

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TABLE SPACE NEW VOICES NEW RELATIONSHIPS

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PLANNER DEVELOPER ARCHITECT

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PLANNER DEVELOPER ARCHITECT SOCIAL-POL SCIENTIST CODER & GARDENERS & &

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PLANNER DEVELOPER ARCHITECT SOCIAL-POL SCIENTIST CODER & GARDENERS & &

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BUILT

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OLD SPACE

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OLD SPACE COMPETITIVE ALLOCATION

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OLD SPACE COMPETITIVE ALLOCATION FUNCTIONAL DECOMPOSITION

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CURRENT SPACE

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CURRENT SPACE USE OPTIMISATION

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CURRENT SPACE USE OPTIMISATION DYNAMIC ALLOCATION

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NEW SPACE

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NEW SPACE UPWARD?

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NEW SPACE UPWARD? OUTWARD?

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NON-BUILT

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GREEN SPACE

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GREEN SPACE HUMAN FUNCTIONAL

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GREEN SPACE HUMAN FUNCTIONAL ECO FUNCTIONAL

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WASTE SPACE

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WASTE SPACE LAND’FILL’

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WASTE SPACE LAND’FILL’ WASTE INFRASTRUCTURE

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PRODUCT SPACE

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PRODUCT SPACE PRODUCT > SERVICE

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PRODUCT SPACE PRODUCT > SERVICE SPACE > SERVICE

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POST-DESIGN

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PUBLIC SPACE

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PUBLIC SPACE SCIENCE OF QUALITY

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PUBLIC SPACE SCIENCE OF QUALITY POLITICS OF FREEDOM

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200 1200 1650 1 16 a city full of spaces increase in use of space per person in the netherlands people per dwelling (m2) number of m2 in dwelling per person footprint of city and stacking per inhabitant 1900 1990 1950 2050 40 72 89 8 16 39 2 4 x4 x3 13 x4 195 108 36 x3 total necessary housing surface area has increased by a factor of 16 5 11 16 1 2,5 6,5 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 0 0 0 2 0 5 9 1 0 0 9 1 aantal*1.000.000 1 1 2,5 2,5 5 11 16 1 2,5 6,5 35 60 72 40 176 620 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 0 0 0 2 0 5 9 1 0 0 9 1 aantal*1.000.000 40 40 176 176 176 176 5 11 16 1 2,5 6,5 35 60 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 0 0 2 0 5 9 1 0 0 9 1 60 60 net square metres inhabitants halving of dwelling occupancy doubling of dwelling size 1900 1950 2000 1900 1950 2000 1900 1950 2000 1900 1950 2000 5 11 16 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 5 5 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 number*1.000.000 number*1.000.000 m2 number*1.000.000 m2 number*1.000.000 itiesfullofspaceENG.indd 16 03-12-2008 21:35:48 1900 2000 2020 the leiden region underwent explosive growth during the twentieth century (source: limes atlas). right, the expected space requirements in 2020 explosion of the city: politics and urgency Motivations for densification are no longer found in the city itself. Protective defence structures (fortified ramparts) have long since lost their function. Under the influence of more intensive mobility, technology and the declining economic importance of the surrounding agricultural lands, the boundary between city and landscape has become diffuse. New freedoms and possibilities have resulted in an erosion of the contemporary city and of the urban potential. the cities of the netherlands have undergone explosive growth and have ‘spilled over’ an enormous amount of space. Amsterdam, for instance, grew from 15 km2 to 200 km2 over the last 100 years, while its population grew by a mere 50 per cent (from 500,000 to 750,000 inhabitants). Had density remained constant, 22.5 km2 would have sufficed. The figures in the illustration below clearly show that per capita use of space, directly or indirectly, is responsible for an expansion of the urban area by a factor of 6. 70% a century ago: 5 people per dwelling short cross sections, limited view (unilateral orientation), shallow dwellings on narrow streets 1900 50% today: 2.3 people per dwelling long cross sections, open views (bilateral orientation), deeper dwellings on broader streets 2000 simply put, half as many people live in homes three times as large as a century ago. when, on top of that, these homes are situated on twice as much land, this produces 2 × 3 × 2 = 12. Finally, the population of the Netherlands has increased substantially. Whereas a little more than six million people lived in this country at the start of the twentieth century, the Dutch now number 16 million. All this means the use of space increased by a factor of 32 during the past century, explaining the evolution of cartographic data for the Netherlands over the last 100 years. cities full of space 17 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 m2 rental m2 owner occ total m2/occupant content and dwelling occupancy of new-build housing (source: cbs, leiden) CitiesfullofspaceENG.indd 17 03-12-2008 21:45:3

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IMAGINATION SPACE

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IMAGINATION SPACE CREATIVITY

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IMAGINATION SPACE CREATIVITY CHANGE

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PRE-DESIGN BUILT NON-BUILT POST-DESIGN

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MINDTABLE OLDCURRENTNEW

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MINDTABLE OLDCURRENTNEW WASTEGREENPRODUCT

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MINDTABLE OLDCURRENTNEW WASTEGREENPRODUCT PUBLICIMAGINATION

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10SPACESOFURBANINVENTION LAHDENKAUPUNKI KATSOMITÄ LÖYSINLAHDESSA [email protected] WDCH120905-06LAHTI