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教 青少年 寫程式
從 Scratch 2.0
到 Python 3.3
Renyuan Lyu
呂仁園
長庚大學，資訊系
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http://scratch.mit.edu/users/ryTemp2014_001/
https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/33089565/ry2014_thinkcspy/html
/_ryTest01.html
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ryCatStar00，貓咪之星
• http://scratch.mit.edu/projects/20615907/
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• 主程式流程
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• 畫三角形
• 畫五邊形
• 畫多邊形
• 畫五星形
• 畫貓咪之星
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rySolveEquation00，解2元1次方程式
• http://scratch.mit.edu/projects/20607239/
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• 主程式流程
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• 輸入方程式係數
a, b, c,
e, f, g
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• 解2元1次方程式演算法，行列式計算。
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ryArkanoid00，敲磚塊遊戲
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• http://scratch.mit.edu/projects/20604541/
• http://scratch.mit.edu/projects/17662884/
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• 球拍 (Paddle)、球 (Tennis Ball)
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• 磚塊 (block)
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• 失敗精靈、勝利精靈
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• Pong with High Score
– http://scratch.mit.edu/projects/12778537/
• 由此延伸出去，看看別人如何寫程式。
• http://scratch.mit.edu/projects/12778537/remixes
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Python
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• 如何像電腦科學家一樣的思考
– 用 Python 3 來學習
– https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/33089565/r
y2014_thinkcspy/html/index.html
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CPU, RAM, HardDisk
• Computer Components
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rK3YxmkarIg
– In this section you learn a little about the architecture
of a computer and some general terms to use when
talking about computer programs. This includes:
• CPU - Central Processing Unit
• RAM - Random Access Memory
• Hard Drive - A Persistent Storage Device
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Python程式語言很簡單
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• https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/330895
65/ry2014_thinkcspy/html/_ryTest01.html
• 列出 99 乘法表
• 列出 100 以內的質數
• 求二元一次方程式的解
• 小烏龜
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Hello, little turtles!
嗨，小烏龜！
• https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/330895
65/ry2014_thinkcspy/html/hello_little_turtles
.html
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from turtle import *
def main():
mode("logo")
speed(10)
shape("arrow")
pensize(3)
circle(66)
rt(180)
circle(66)
pu()
lt(90)
fd(33)
rt(90)
….
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補充 01
• What is a Computer?
• What is a Programming Language?
• Hello, world !
– 大多數程式語言的第一支程式
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What is a Computer?
• A Computer (電腦，計算機) is composed of
– Central Processing Unit (CPU), (中央處理器)
– Random Access Memory (RAM), (隨機存取 記憶體)
– Input/Output (I/O) devices. (輸入輸出設備)
• A screen (螢幕) is an output device.
• A mouse (滑鼠) and a keyboard (鍵盤) are input devices.
• A hard drive (硬碟) is an I/O device.
keyboard
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What is a Programming Language
(程式語言)?
• 語言是人類互相溝通的工具。
• 華語、英語、日語、西班牙語、、、、
– 自然語言數量 6,000 以上
• 使用人口數：
– 華語 > 西班牙語 > 英語 > 日語、、、
• 影響力：
– 英語 > { 華語、日語、西班牙語、、、}
• 人類與電腦溝通，要透過程式語言
• Assembly, C, C++, Java, Python, Scratch, …
– 程式語言數量甚至多過自然語言
• 使用人口數：
– {C, C++ , Java }> Python > Scratch ….
• 影響力：
– {C, C++ , Java }> Python > ….
• 容易學習的程度：
– Scratch > Python > {C, C++, Java,…} > Assembly
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Hello, world !
大多數程式語言的第一支程式
#include
main() {
printf("hello, world");
}
public class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String [] args) {
System.out.println("Hello world!");
}
}
print(‘Hello, world!’)
PRINT "Hello, world!"
BASIC
C
Python 3
Scratch
Java
印= print
印 (‘Hello, world !’)
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JavaScript
alert('Hello, world!');
Scratch 中文化
Python 3 中文化
C++
#include
int main() {
std::cout << "Hello, world!" << std::endl;
return 0;
}
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• Assembly language — x86 Windows
; This program displays "Hello, World!" in a windows
messagebox and then quits.
;
; Written by Stewart Moss - May 2006
;
; Assemble using TASM 5.0 and TLINK32
;
; The output EXE is standard 4096 bytes long.
; It is possible to produce really small windows PE
exe files, but that
; is outside of the scope of this demo.
.486p
.model flat,STDCALL
include win32.inc
extrn MessageBoxA:PROC
extrn ExitProcess:PROC
.data
HelloWorld db "Hello, world!",0
msgTitle db "Hello world program",0
.code
Start:
push MB_ICONQUESTION + MB_APPLMODAL +
MB_OK
push offset msgTitle
push offset HelloWorld
push 0
call MessageBoxA
push 0
call ExitProcess
ends
end Start
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蠻可怕的吧！
怪不得嚇跑一堆人。
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補充 02
• A hands-on introduction to Python for beginning
programmers
• http://www.pyvideo.org/video/1850/a-hands-on-
introduction-to-python-for-beginning-p
• http://www.pyvideo.org/video/2559/hands-on-intro-to-
python-for-beginning-programmer
• Introduction to Python with Jessica McKellar
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sAU2l5MKCbI
• http://vplayer.oreilly.com/?chapter=http%3A%2F%2Fatom.o
reilly.com%2Fatom%2Foreilly%2Fvideos%2F2005177&video
_product=urn%3Ax-
domain%3Aoreilly.com%3Aproduct%3A9781491902141.VID
EO#embedded_player
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Jessica’s 16 min Intro
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by Renyuan
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https://www.dropbox.com/s/yxk299gvcuao6au/教青少年寫程式ex001.py
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Python 程式範例
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• 列出 99 乘法表
• 列出 100 以內的質數
• 小烏龜
• 求二元一次方程式的解
• 井字棋， Tic-Tac-Toe
https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/330895
65/ry2014_thinkcspy/html/_ryTest01.html
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更多小烏龜程式
• https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/330895
65/ry2014_thinkcspy/html/_ryTurtle03.html
• https://www.dropbox.com/sh/yf62s5vhmg5g5
j5/nkUJ92najk
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