Build Responsively, 2013, Artifact, Austin, TX

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WELCOME Tuesday, May 28, 13

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@hearsparkbox @brworkshop @bencallahan @jeremyloyd @drewtclemens Tuesday, May 28, 13

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#artifactconf #brworkshop Tuesday, May 28, 13

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internets Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Please, turn off Dropbox sync. Tuesday, May 28, 13

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And, stop streaming BSG. Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Tuesday, May 28, 13

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About Us Tuesday, May 28, 13

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About You Tuesday, May 28, 13

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AN INTRODUCTION TO RESPONSIVE WEB DESIGN RWD 101 Tuesday, May 28, 13

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September 9, 2007 6:30am Tuesday, May 28, 13

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52% of laptop owners also own a smartphone http://bit.ly/zE1zgp In the US... Tuesday, May 28, 13

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31% of smartphone owners also own a tablet http://bit.ly/zE1zgp In the US... Tuesday, May 28, 13

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23% of laptop owners also own a tablet http://bit.ly/zE1zgp In the US... Tuesday, May 28, 13

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13% own a laptop, tablet & smartphone http://bit.ly/zE1zgp In the US... Tuesday, May 28, 13

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The web is not fixed width Tuesday, May 28, 13

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The penetration of desktop & laptop ownership is the same today as it was in 2007. http://bit.ly/zE1zgp In the US... Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Mobile vs Desktop Browsing 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Mobile Users Desktop Users http://bit.ly/L5cqiO Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Not that far away 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Mobile Users Desktop Users http://bit.ly/L5cqiO Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Flexibility is the new norm Tuesday, May 28, 13

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People are trying to browse your sites on these devices, today Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Responsive web design Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Ethan Marcotte Article on ALA (http://bit.ly/Wi0xvw) Book via ABA (http://bit.ly/f6TPB7) Tuesday, May 28, 13

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RWD 101 ‣ Three Core Techniques - A Fluid Foundation - Flexible Content - Media Queries Tuesday, May 28, 13

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A Fluid Foundation Honor the proportions of the design by creating percentage-based layout instead of fixed-width, pixel-based layout. Tuesday, May 28, 13

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A Fluid Foundation http://bostonglobe.com Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Flexible Content Once we have a layout which is based on proportions, the content must also respond. Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Flexible Content http://microsoft.com Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Media Queries When our content and our design are no longer working in harmony, we need to make a larger shift in layout. Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Media Queries http://skinnyties.com Tuesday, May 28, 13

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RWD 101 ‣ Three Core Techniques - A Fluid Foundation - Flexible Content - Media Queries Tuesday, May 28, 13

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WEB DESIGN PROCESS IN A RESPONSIVE WORLD RWD WORKFLOW Tuesday, May 28, 13

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A SHIFT IN MINDSET Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Where we’ve been Tuesday, May 28, 13

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A SHIFT IN MINDSET Traditional Linear Workflow DESIGN FRONT-END BACK-END LAUNCH! Tuesday, May 28, 13

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A SHIFT IN MINDSET Traditional Linear Workflow DESIGN FRONT-END BACK-END LAUNCH! TH IN K A B O U T U SER S Tuesday, May 28, 13

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A SHIFT IN MINDSET Traditional Linear Workflow DESIGN FRONT-END BACK-END LAUNCH! TH IN K A B O U T U SER S TH R O W IN C O N TEN T Tuesday, May 28, 13

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A SHIFT IN MINDSET Slightly Better Linear Workflow CONTENT UX DESIGN FRONT-END BACK-END LAUNCH! Tuesday, May 28, 13

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What happens when you throw RWD into this process? Tuesday, May 28, 13

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A SHIFT IN MINDSET Linear Workflow CONTENT UX DESIGN FRONT-END BACK-END LAUNCH Now with RWD! Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Now with RWD! A SHIFT IN MINDSET Linear Workflow CONTENT UX DESIGN FRONT-END BACK-END LAUNCH Me too! Ditto! Tuesday, May 28, 13

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This doesn’t work. Tuesday, May 28, 13

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(example: seesparkbox.com) Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Jakob Nielsen Says... ‣ Build a separate mobile site ‣ Cut features ‣ Cut content http://www.nngroup.com/articles/mobile-site-vs-full-site/ Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Jakob Nielsen Says... ‣ Build a separate mobile site ‣ Cut features ‣ Cut content http://www.nngroup.com/articles/mobile-site-vs-full-site/ PLEASE, NO. Tuesday, May 28, 13

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We need to invite others into the process Tuesday, May 28, 13

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A SHIFT IN MINDSET A Responsive Workflow Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Disciplines BACK-END FRONT-END DESIGN C O NTENT UX Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Collaborative Timeline Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Cycle BACK-END FRONT-END DESIGN C O NTENT UX Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Differing Cycle BACK-END FRONT-END DESIGN C O NTENT UX Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Life Cycle BACK-END FRONT-END DESIGN C O NTENT UX Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Phased Release BACK-END FRONT-END DESIGN C O NTENT UX DELIVERABLE DELIVERABLE DELIVERABLE DELIVERABLE DELIVERABLE DELIVERABLE RELEASE RELEASE Tuesday, May 28, 13

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A SHIFT IN MINDSET A Responsive Workflow ‣ Pros - Natural Decisions - Encourages Collaboration - Encourages Iteration - Better Results Tuesday, May 28, 13

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A SHIFT IN MINDSET A Responsive Workflow ‣ Cons - Requires Change - May Conflict with Organizational Structure - Dependent on Team Make-up Tuesday, May 28, 13

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What happens when you invite others into the process? Tuesday, May 28, 13

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The quality as a whole improves Tuesday, May 28, 13

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(example: nd.edu) Tuesday, May 28, 13

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So, how do we actually do this? Tuesday, May 28, 13

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A SHIFT IN PROCESS Tuesday, May 28, 13

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A SHIFT IN PROCESS A Process Myth Each client deliverable needs to look more like a ﬁnal, beautiful end-product than the previous one. Tuesday, May 28, 13

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A SHIFT IN PROCESS Which Results In Pushing toward nearly-designed wireframes quickly and completely designed comps soon after. (This sets up all sorts of unrealistic client expectations.) Tuesday, May 28, 13

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A SHIFT IN PROCESS A Better Approach Deliverables that best serve the organization and prioritization of content and function across multiple resolutions. (Not deliverables made just to impress clients.) Tuesday, May 28, 13

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A SHIFT IN PROCESS Our Deliverables ‣ Research Deliverables ‣ Content Deliverables ‣ Priority Deliverables ‣ Style Deliverables ‣ Functional Deliverables Tuesday, May 28, 13

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A SHIFT IN PROCESS Let’s Focus On... ‣ Research Deliverables ‣ Content Deliverables ‣ Priority Deliverables ‣ Style Deliverables ‣ Functional Deliverables Tuesday, May 28, 13

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A SHIFT IN PROCESS Priority Deliverables ‣ Content Priority Prototypes - Takes the place of a traditional wireframe. - As much real content as you can. - Linear in nature, priority implied. - Possibly created in HTML, viewed in a browser. - Generated by content/UX people. Tuesday, May 28, 13

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A SHIFT IN PROCESS Priority Deliverables ‣ Content Priority Examples - Non HTML examples • Smashing Article: Design Process In The Responsive Age - HTML example • building.seesparkbox.com Tuesday, May 28, 13

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A SHIFT IN PROCESS Style Deliverables ‣ Style Prototype - Like Style Tiles, but in the browser (styletil.es). - Very fast to build. - Accurate web typography. - Easy to show web interaction. - Client reviews in their browser of preference. Tuesday, May 28, 13

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A SHIFT IN PROCESS Style Deliverables ‣ Style Prototype Examples - building.seesparkbox.com • new Sparkbox web style prototype - dressresponsively.com • dress responsively style prototype Tuesday, May 28, 13

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SECTION HEADER Other Style Deliverables ‣ Element Collages (Dan Mall) ‣ Style Tiles (Samantha Warren) ‣ Photoshop Comps (Everyone) Tuesday, May 28, 13

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A SHIFT IN PROCESS Use What The Project Needs ‣ Research Deliverables ‣ Content Deliverables ‣ Priority Deliverables ‣ Style Deliverables ‣ Functional Deliverables Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Discussion ‣ What happens next in this process? ‣ How are you doing RWD design deliverables now? ‣ What are you struggling with? Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CODE AND PROJECT STRUCTURE SERVING RWD STYLES Tuesday, May 28, 13

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SERVING RWD STYLES Major Approaches ‣ Single CSS File ‣ Multiple CSS Files ‣ Breakpoint Based Partials ‣ Module Based Partials Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Before any of this stuff will work, you need to do this: Tuesday, May 28, 13

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And, you should also do this: /* CSS */ @-webkit-viewport { width:device-width; } @-moz-viewport { width:device-width; } @-ms-viewport { width:device-width; } @-o-viewport { width:device-width; } @viewport { width:device-width; } Tuesday, May 28, 13

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SERVING RWD STYLES Major Approaches ‣ Single CSS File ‣ Multiple CSS Files ‣ Breakpoint Based Partials ‣ Module Based Partials Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Single CSS File HTML CSS Start with styles applied to all Styles scoped to a media query Styles scoped to another media query Tuesday, May 28, 13

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/* styles.css */ aside { color: #333; width: 100%; } Single CSS File Tuesday, May 28, 13

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/* styles.css */ aside { color: #333; width: 100%; } /* if the viewport width is 40em or greater */ Single CSS File Tuesday, May 28, 13

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PAUSE: MEDIA QUERIES Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Media Types all braille, embossed, speech handheld, projection, screen, tv print tty http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/media.html#media-types Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Media Features width, height device-width, device-height orientation aspect-ratio, device-aspect-ratio color, color-index, monochrome resolution, scan, grid http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-mediaqueries Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Single CSS File HTML CSS Start with styles applied to all Styles scoped to a media query Styles scoped to another media query Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Small Viewport Width First HTML CSS Smallest styles Wider styles (mq) Even wider styles (mq) Super wide styles (mq) Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Large Viewport Width First HTML CSS Widest styles Wide styles (mq) Narrow styles (mq) Very narrow styles (mq) Tuesday, May 28, 13

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/* styles.css */ aside { color: #333; width: 100%; } /* if the viewport width is 40em or greater */ Single CSS File Tuesday, May 28, 13

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/* styles.css */ aside { color: #333; width: 100%; } /* if the viewport width is 40em or greater */ @media (min-width: 40em) { aside { width: 50%; } } Single CSS File Tuesday, May 28, 13

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/* styles.css */ aside { color: #333; width: 100%; } /* if the viewport width is 40em or greater */ @media (min-width: 40em) { aside { width: 50%; } } Single CSS File Tuesday, May 28, 13

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/* styles.css */ aside { color: #333; width: 100%; } /* if the viewport width is 40em or greater */ @media (min-width: 40em) { aside { width: 50%; } } /* if the viewport width is 60em or greater */ @media (min-width: 60em) { aside { width: 30%; } } Single CSS File Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Single CSS File /* styles.css */ aside { color: #333; width: 100%; } /* if the viewport width is 40em or greater */ @media (min-width: 40em) { aside { width: 50%; } } /* if the viewport width is 60em or greater */ @media (min-width: 60em) { aside { width: 30%; } } Small Viewport Width First Tuesday, May 28, 13

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/* styles.css */ aside { color: #333; width: 30%; } /* if the viewport width is 60em or less */ @media (max-width: 60em) { aside { width: 50%; } } /* if the viewport width is 40em or less */ @media (min-width: 40em) { aside { width: 100%; } } Single CSS File Large Viewport Width First Tuesday, May 28, 13

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SERVING RWD STYLES Single CSS File ‣ Simple to implement ‣ Single request ‣ Doesn’t require a preprocessor ‣ Requires JS to serve large layout to old IE if starting with small layouts ‣ Large sites can be difficult to maintain because of the size of the single file Tuesday, May 28, 13

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SERVING RWD STYLES Major Approaches ‣ Single CSS File ‣ Multiple CSS Files ‣ Breakpoint Based Partials ‣ Module Based Partials Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Multiple CSS Files HTML If this browser is less than IE9... and it’s not IE Mobile... and viewport width is at least 40em... global.css all styles linear layout layout.css only styles for layout http://adactio.com/journal/4494/ Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Multiple CSS Files index.html Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Multiple CSS Files index.html Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Multiple CSS Files index.html Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Multiple CSS Files index.html Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Multiple CSS Files index.html Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Multiple CSS Files global.css aside { color: #333; width: 100%; } layout.css aside { width: 50%; } @media (min-width: 60em) { aside { width: 30%; } } Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Multiple CSS Files global.css aside { color: #333; width: 100%; } layout.css aside { width: 50%; } @media (min-width: 60em) { aside { width: 30%; } } Tuesday, May 28, 13

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SERVING RWD STYLES Multiple CSS Files ‣ Doesn’t require a preprocessor ‣ At least two requests ‣ Requires you to separate layout from other styles ‣ Allows you to start with small layouts and serve a single large layout to old IE without JS - Requests go up if you use multiple MQs Tuesday, May 28, 13

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SERVING RWD STYLES Major Approaches ‣ Single CSS File ‣ Multiple CSS Files ‣ Breakpoint Based Partials ‣ Module Based Partials Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Breakpoint Based Partials HTML If this browser is less than IE9... and it’s not IE Mobile... base.css all styles/MQ blocks no-mq.css MQ styles from base without the MQs http://nicolasgallagher.com/mobile-first-css-sass-and-ie/ Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Breakpoint Based Partials index.html Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Breakpoint Based Partials base.css aside { color: #333; width: 100%; } @media (min-width: 40em) { aside { width: 50%; } } @media (min-width: 60em) { aside { width: 30%; } } no-mq.css aside { width: 50%; } aside { width: 30%; } Tuesday, May 28, 13

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PAUSE: CSS PREPROCESSORS Tuesday, May 28, 13

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The Big Three: LESS, SASS, and Stylus Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Similarities ‣ All accept CSS syntax, plus their own specific syntax. ‣ All improve CSS by adding variables, importing, mixins, and nesting ‣ All three seek to make CSS authoring a better and more efficient process Tuesday, May 28, 13

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LESS ‣ Runs on Node.js ‣ Very similar syntax to SASS ‣ http://lesscss.org/ Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Variables are specified with @ symbol /* .less */ @top-variable: 20px; ! #header-shadow { ! position: absolute; ! ! top: @top-variable; ! } LESS syntax Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Stylus ‣ Runs on Node.js ‣ Has a flexible syntax - You can omit semi-colons, colons, and braces ‣ http://learnboost.github.com/ stylus/ Tuesday, May 28, 13

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/* .styl */ top-variable = 20px ! #main-header ! position absolute ! ! top top-variable #footer { ! background: blue ! ! border 1px solid #00f; } Notice the terse, forgiving syntax. Stylus Syntax Tuesday, May 28, 13

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SASS ‣ Runs on Ruby ‣ Has two syntax flavors - .scss & .sass ‣ http://sass-lang.com/ Tuesday, May 28, 13

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$main-color: blue /* .scss */ #main { color: $main-color; font-size: 0.3em; } /* .sass */ #main color: $main-color font-size: 0.3em SASS Sytax Tuesday, May 28, 13

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What’s so cool about preprocessors, anyway? Tuesday, May 28, 13

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/* .scss */ .food-list { list-style: none; li { font-size: 1rem; a { color: red; } } } Nesting /* .css */ .food-list { list-style: none; } .food-list li { font-size: 1rem; } .food-list li a { color: red; } Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Nesting can be abused. /* This is bad. Don’t do it. */ html body #main div.primary .big-header { font-size: 2em; } ! Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Nesting can be abused. /* This is bad. Don’t do it. */ html body #main div.primary .big-header { font-size: 2em; } ! Tuesday, May 28, 13

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/*.scss*/ $white: rgba(255,255,255,1); /*.less*/ @white: rgba(255,255,255,1); /*.styl*/ white = rgba(255,255,255,1); $black = rgba(0,0,0,1); Variables Tuesday, May 28, 13

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/*.scss*/ @mixin border-radius( $value : 10px ) { ! -webkit-border-radius: $value; ! -moz-border-radius: $value; ! ! ! border-radius: $value; } Mixins .btn{ @include border-radius(25px); } Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Mixins ‣ SASS and Stylus both support basic programming like loops, if/ else, etc. in mixins. ‣ LESS only offers “guarded mixins.” Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Sparkbox REM Mixin Tuesday, May 28, 13

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/*.scss*/ @include rem(padding, 0.5, 1, 4, 3); @include rem(font-size, 1.2, large); Sparkbox REM Mixin Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Compass & Bourbon ‣ Compass and Bourbon are mixin libraries for SASS ‣ Takes care of vendor prefixes with mixins ‣ Compass has an ecosystem of plugins built on top of Compass. ‣ With config.rb, Compass lets you check the preprocessor config into source control. Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Compass & Bourbon Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Importing ‣ Allows you to break up your styles across files. - variables, mixins, reset, all separated. ‣ Better than a standard css import Tuesday, May 28, 13

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this file will compile to base.css /* base.scss */ @import "compass"; @import "variables"; @import "reset"; @import "mixins"; @import "header"; @import "hero"; @import "whatever"; Importing Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Extends ‣ Extends allow you to reuse styles between various selectors. ‣ DRY Principle applied to CSS Tuesday, May 28, 13

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.btn { color: red; border-radius: 25px; } .btn-small { @extend .btn; font-size: .5rem; } Extends .btn, .btn-small { color: red; border-radius: 25px; } .btn-small { font-size: .5rem; } Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Google Chrome Developer Tools & SASS Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Source Maps ‣ Using pre-processors does present some new challenges. ‣ Line-numbers are no longer representative of where the code is. Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Source Maps ‣ Source maps let Chrome know the source of the generated CSS. Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Setup Chrome for SASS Source Maps Support ‣ head over to chrome://flags - Enable Developer Tools Experiments Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Setup Chrome for SASS Source Maps Support ‣ Enable Support for SASS in the Dev Tools options Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Setup Chrome for SASS Source Maps Support ‣ Enable support for Source maps Tuesday, May 28, 13

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The last step is to turn on debug info in our CSS /* config.rb */ sass_options = { :debug_info => true } or /* command line */ sass --watch -g scss/:css/ Setup Chrome for SASS Source Maps Support Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CSS PREPROCESSORS Resources Codekit http://incident57.com/codekit/ Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CSS PREPROCESSORS Resources Scout http://mhs.github.com/scout-app/ Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CSS PREPROCESSORS Resources Compass http://compass-style.org/ Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CSS PREPROCESSORS Resources SASS Primer http://thesassway.com/beginner/getting- started-with-sass-and-compass Tuesday, May 28, 13

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_40em.scss aside { width: 50%; } Breakpoint Based Partials base.scss @import “smallest”; @media (min-width: 40em) { @import “40em”; } @media (min-width: 60em) { @import “60em”; } no-mq.scss @import “40em”; @import “60em”; _60em.scss aside { width: 30%; } _smallest.scss aside { color: #333; width: 100%;} Tuesday, May 28, 13

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SERVING RWD STYLES Breakpoint Based Partials ‣ Allows you to start with small layouts and serve large layout to old IE without JS ‣ Only 1 or 2 requests ‣ Requires preprocessor ‣ Maintenance can be complex Tuesday, May 28, 13

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SERVING RWD STYLES Major Approaches ‣ Single CSS File ‣ Multiple CSS Files ‣ Breakpoint Based Partials ‣ Module Based Partials Tuesday, May 28, 13

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HTML If < IE9 and not IE Mobile If >= IE9 or IE Mobile Module Based Partials no-mq.css All styles with no MQs mq.css All styles with MQs http://seesparkbox.com/foundry/there_is_no_breakpoint Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Module Based Partials index.html Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Module Based Partials index.html Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Module Based Partials index.html Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Module Based Partials index.html Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Module Based Partials index.html Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Module Based Partials index.html Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Module Based Partials mq.css aside { color: #333; width: 100%; } @media (min-width: 40em) { aside { width: 50%; } } @media (min-width: 60em) { aside { width: 30%; } } no-mq.css aside { color: #333; width: 100%; width: 50%; width: 30%; } Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Module Based Partials mq.scss @import “compass”; @import “sb-media”; @import “aside”; @import “nav”; @import “footer”; ... no-mq.scss @import “compass”; @import “sb-media”; $sb-no-mq-support: true; @import “aside”; @import “nav”; @import “footer”; ... Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Module Based Partials _aside.scss aside { color: #333; width: 100%; @include sb-media(“min-width: 40em”) { width: 50%; } @include sb-media(“min-width: 60em”) { width: 30%; } } Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Module Based Partials $default-‐feature: 'min-‐width: '; $sb-‐no-‐mq-‐support: false !default; @mixin sb-‐media($query) { @if type-‐of( $query ) == 'number' { $query: $default-‐feature + $query; } @if $sb-‐no-‐mq-‐support{ @content; } @else { @media ( $query ) { @content; } } } https://github.com/sparkbox/SB-Media Tuesday, May 28, 13

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https://github.com/sparkbox/SB-Media Tuesday, May 28, 13

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https://github.com/Team-Sass/ breakpoint Tuesday, May 28, 13

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SERVING RWD STYLES Module Based Partials ‣ Single Request ‣ Easy Maintenance ‣ Allows you to start with small layouts and serve large layout to old IE without JS ‣ Single request for all ‣ Requires Preprocessor Tuesday, May 28, 13

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We recommend module based partials Tuesday, May 28, 13

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(but it depends on your specific project) Tuesday, May 28, 13

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THERE IS NO BREAKPOINT Tuesday, May 28, 13

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There is no Breakpoint aside { // general styles // major shift at 40em // major shift at 60em ... } aside { // general styles // major shift at 40em // minor tweak at 42em // minor tweak at 53.5em // minor tweak at 56em // major shift at 60em // minor tweak at 72.2em // minor tweak at 74em ... } Tuesday, May 28, 13

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There is no Breakpoint Media Query Bookmarklet (by @robtarr) Tuesday, May 28, 13

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There is no Breakpoint Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Relax. Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Think more modularly. Try something like SMACSS (from @snookca). Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Element Queries http://www.xanthir.com/b4PR0 Tuesday, May 28, 13

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http://seesparkbox.com/foundry/there_is_no_breakpoint There is no Breakpoint http://www.markboulton.co.uk/journal/theinbetween The In-Between http://www.jordanm.co.uk/post/43147197731/the-in-between The In-Between (2) Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Discussion ‣ How are you serving RWD styles today? ‣ How do you “support” older IE? Tuesday, May 28, 13

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MAKING EVERYTHING FLUID CREATING FLEXIBILITY Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CREATING FLEXIBILITY What Needs to Flex ‣ Grids ‣ Layout ‣ Typography ‣ Images ‣ Tables ‣ Video Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CREATING FLEXIBILITY What Needs to Flex ‣ Grids ‣ Layout ‣ Typography ‣ Images ‣ Tables ‣ Video Tuesday, May 28, 13

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It starts with the grid Tuesday, May 28, 13

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body { width: 1000px; } div.main { width: 700px; } aside { width: 280px; } It starts with the grid body { width: 100%; } div.main { width: 70%; } aside { width: 28%; } Tuesday, May 28, 13

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body { width: 1000px; } div.main { width: 700px; } It starts with the grid body { width: 100%; } div.main { width: 70%; } target / context = % 700 / 1000 = .7 .7 = 70% Tuesday, May 28, 13

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body { width: 1000px; } aside { width: 280px; } It starts with the grid body { width: 100%; } aside { width: 28%; } target / context = % 280 / 1000 = .28 .28 = 28% Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Responsive grid systems Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CREATING FLEXIBILITY RWD Grid Systems ‣ Foundation ‣ Bootstrap ‣ Skeleton ‣ Responsive.gs ‣ Columnal ‣ ...this list goes on, and on, and on Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CREATING FLEXIBILITY Semantic RWD Grid Systems ‣ Semantic.gs ‣ Susy ‣ Zen Grids Tuesday, May 28, 13

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@column-width: 60; @gutter-width: 20; @columns: 12; @total-width: 100%; header { .column(12); } article { .column(12); } aside { .column(12); } @media (min-width: 38em) { article { .column(8); } aside { .column(4); } } Semantic.gs Tuesday, May 28, 13

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@column-width: 60; @gutter-width: 20; @columns: 12; @total-width: 100%; header { @include column(12); } article { @include column(12); } aside { @include column(12); } @media (min-width: 38em) { article { @include column(8); } aside { @include column(4); } } Semantic.gs Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Semantic.gs @column-width: 60; @gutter-width: 20; @columns: 12; @total-width: 100%; header { @include column(12); } article { @include column(12); } aside { @include column(12); } @media (min-width: 38em) { article { @include column(8); } aside { @include column(4); } } Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Or, just roll your own Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CREATING FLEXIBILITY What Needs to Flex ‣ Grids ‣ Layout ‣ Typography ‣ Images ‣ Tables ‣ Video Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CREATING FLEXIBILITY Responsive Layout Patterns ‣ Source order stacking ‣ Content choreography ‣ Off canvas Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CREATING FLEXIBILITY Responsive Layout Patterns ‣ Source order stacking ‣ Content choreography ‣ Off canvas Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CREATING FLEXIBILITY Responsive Layout Patterns ‣ Source order stacking ‣ Content choreography ‣ Off canvas Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CREATING FLEXIBILITY Responsive Layout Patterns ‣ Source order stacking ‣ Content choreography ‣ Off canvas Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Easiest to show a few examples: http://jasonweaver.name/lab/offcanvas/ http://mashable.com/ Tuesday, May 28, 13

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There are many, many combinations of these basic ideas http://bit.ly/U4N5qH (http://bradfrost.github.com/this-is-responsive/patterns.html) Tuesday, May 28, 13

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There are some really cool new layout modules coming... Tuesday, May 28, 13

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http://www.netmagazine.com/tutorials/ master-new-css-layout-properties Tuesday, May 28, 13

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http://www.fivesimplesteps.com/ products/css3-layout-modules Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CREATING FLEXIBILITY What Needs to Flex ‣ Grids ‣ Layout ‣ Typography ‣ Images ‣ Tables ‣ Video Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Type flexes by default Tuesday, May 28, 13

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We need to consider readability Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CREATING FLEXIBILITY Responsive Typography ‣ Small screen != small font-size ‣ Consider contrast ‣ If text has links, give adequate room to touch them Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CREATING FLEXIBILITY Responsive Typography ‣ Small screen != small font-size ‣ Consider contrast ‣ If text has links, give adequate room to touch them Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CREATING FLEXIBILITY Responsive Typography ‣ Small screen != small font-size ‣ Consider contrast ‣ If text has links, give adequate room to touch them Tuesday, May 28, 13

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@snookca http://snook.ca/technical/colour_contrast/ colour.html @leaverou http://leaverou.github.com/contrast-ratio/ Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CREATING FLEXIBILITY Responsive Typography ‣ Small screen != small font-size ‣ Consider contrast ‣ If text has links, give adequate room to touch them Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CREATING FLEXIBILITY What Needs to Flex ‣ Grids ‣ Layout ‣ Typography ‣ Images ‣ Tables ‣ Video Tuesday, May 28, 13

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img { max-width: 100%; } Flexible Images Tuesday, May 28, 13

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http://bit.ly/12TbTX4 (http://codepen.io/bencallahan/pen/CtLDb) Tuesday, May 28, 13

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The image problem(s) Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CREATING FLEXIBILITY The image problem(s) ‣ Content ‣ Bandwidth ‣ Pixel density Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CREATING FLEXIBILITY Image: Content Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CREATING FLEXIBILITY Image: Content Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CREATING FLEXIBILITY Image: Content Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CREATING FLEXIBILITY Image: Content Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CREATING FLEXIBILITY Image: Bandwidth As of March of 2012, 86% of the sites on mediaqueri.es demonstrated the same weight and load time at resolutions from 300ish to 1200ish. via @guypod http://www.guypo.com/mobile/performance-implications-of- responsive-design-book-contribution/ Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CREATING FLEXIBILITY Image: Bandwidth Responsive & Responsible via @scotjehl https://speakerdeck.com/scottjehl/responsive-responsible http://www.lukew.com/ff/entry.asp?1565 Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CREATING FLEXIBILITY Image: Pixel Density Most new mobile devices have high pixel density displays: Apple iPhone 4+: 326 PPI Amazon Kindle Fire HD 8.9: 254 PPI Nokia Lumia 920: 332 PPI BlackBerry Z10: 356 PPI Samsung Galaxy Note: 285 PPI Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CREATING FLEXIBILITY The image problem(s) ‣ Content ‣ Bandwidth ‣ Pixel density Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CREATING FLEXIBILITY The image solution(s) ‣ SVG ‣ Icon fonts ‣ Pixel-density media queries ‣ Compressive ‣ Picturefill ‣ User preference Tuesday, May 28, 13

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SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) ‣ Allows the image to be resolution independent. ‣ Support isn’t very good for older browsers. ‣ We can use Modernizr to detect if the browser supports SVG and provide a .png fallback for those that do not. Tuesday, May 28, 13

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@dbushell wrote a great primer for SVG Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Icon Fonts ‣ Fonts by default are resolution independent, Icon fonts are no different. ‣ http://icomoon.io/app/ allows you to create your own icon fonts ‣ They do require a bit more markup, and JS for IE 7 and lower. Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Search Icon Font Markup /*.scss*/ [data-icon]:before { content: attr(data-icon); font-family: 'icon-font-family'; speak: none; } Tuesday, May 28, 13

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“Compressive” Images ‣ http://bit.ly/Sygdey ‣ Increase the image dimensions ‣ Add massive compression ‣ Scale the image in the browser Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Pixel Density MQs ‣ Detect the pixel ratio of the device and serve a second, higher-res image. ‣ Retina devices now have to make an additional request for the retina asset. Tuesday, May 28, 13

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/*.scss*/ @media only all and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5) { .logo { background-image: url(/i/logo-2x.png); background-size: 100%; } } Pixel Density MQs Also need other browser prefixes Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Picturefill ‣ https://github.com/scottjehl/ picturefill ‣ Polyfill for the new element Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Picturefill Tuesday, May 28, 13

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User Preference ‣ Allow the user to choose what experience they would like to have on their device: “HD” or “SD”. Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CREATING FLEXIBILITY What Needs to Flex ‣ Grids ‣ Layout ‣ Typography ‣ Images ‣ Tables ‣ Video Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CREATING FLEXIBILITY Tables http://codepen.io/bencallahan/pen/xvmCe Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CREATING FLEXIBILITY What Needs to Flex ‣ Grids ‣ Layout ‣ Typography ‣ Images ‣ Tables ‣ Video Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CREATING FLEXIBILITY Video Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CREATING FLEXIBILITY Intrinsic Ratios http://codepen.io/bencallahan/pen/KICkl Tuesday, May 28, 13

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CREATING FLEXIBILITY Video Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Creating flexibility requires experimentation Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Creating flexibility requires Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Discussion ‣ What content types have we not addressed? ‣ What specific challenges are you facing in creating flexibility? Tuesday, May 28, 13

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UNIQUE CONSIDERATIONS AND CHALLENGES NAVIGATION AND RWD Tuesday, May 28, 13

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NAVIGATION AND RWD Major Issues ‣ Site Depth and Breadth ‣ Screen Real Estate ‣ Cross-width Consistency ‣ Interaction Patterns Tuesday, May 28, 13

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NAVIGATION AND RWD Major Issues ‣ Site Depth and Breadth ‣ Screen Real Estate ‣ Cross-width Consistency ‣ Interaction Patterns Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Small sites often allow simpler solutions. Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Simple Nav Examples ‣ Simple Row ‣ Jump to Content ‣ Jump to Footer ‣ Top Stacked Off Canvas Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Simple Nav Examples ‣ Simple Row ‣ Jump to Content ‣ Jump to Footer ‣ Top Stacked Off Canvas http://seesparkbox.com Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Simple Nav Examples ‣ Simple Row ‣ Jump to Content ‣ Jump to Footer ‣ Top Stacked Off Canvas http://forgeideas.com Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Simple Nav Examples ‣ Simple Row ‣ Jump to Content ‣ Jump to Footer ‣ Top Stacked Off Canvas http://contentsmagazine.com Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Simple Nav Examples ‣ Simple Row ‣ Jump to Content ‣ Jump to Footer ‣ Top Stacked Off Canvas http://2012.dconstruct.org/ Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Most sites have to work a bit harder to accommodate their content. Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Complex Nav Causes ‣ Large volume of content - Legacy content - Dynamic content ‣ Broad architecture - Lots of content types/categories ‣ Deep architecture - Lots of children and nesting Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Before accommodating all the things, it’s not a cop- out to question the things. Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Attack the right nav. Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Complex Nav Causes ‣ Poor Information Architecture - Unnecessarily broad or deep due to inefficiency or poor planning ‣ Poor Content Strategy - Unnecessarily large due to a lack of governance, ownership, or intentionality POSSIBLE ROOT Tuesday, May 28, 13

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NAVIGATION AND RWD Major Issues ‣ Site Depth and Breadth ‣ Screen Real Estate ‣ Cross-width Consistency ‣ Interaction Patterns Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Small screens aren’t just horizontally small. Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Blackberry Bold: 480 px high Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Landscape iPhone: 320 px (~200px w/ keyboard:) Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Don’t make small screens smaller by eating up vertical space with nav. Tuesday, May 28, 13

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http://www.tuj.ac.jp/ Tuesday, May 28, 13

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http:// seesparkbox.com/ foundry Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Take ALL the navigation into account. Tuesday, May 28, 13

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http://skinnyties.com/ color/blue/ Tuesday, May 28, 13

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NAVIGATION AND RWD Major Issues ‣ Site Depth and Breadth ‣ Screen Real Estate ‣ Cross-width Consistency ‣ Interaction Patterns Tuesday, May 28, 13

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“Users don’t resize their browser. That’s a developer behavior.” Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Our users are viewing our sites at multiple resolutions. Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Familiarity breeds usability. Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Are our off-canvas and other RWD-inspired patterns doing more harm than good? Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Pros & Cons from http:// thenextweb.com/ Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Do we need to change the user’s pattern at all? Tuesday, May 28, 13

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http:// www.polygon.com/ Tuesday, May 28, 13

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NAVIGATION AND RWD Major Issues ‣ Site Depth and Breadth ‣ Screen Real Estate ‣ Cross-width Consistency ‣ Interaction Patterns Tuesday, May 28, 13

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There is no right answer. Tuesday, May 28, 13

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Patterns Galore ‣ Toggle ‣ Footer Anchor ‣ Select Menu ‣ Multi-Toggle ‣ Off Canvas ‣ Breadcrumbs ‣ More... http://bradfrost.github.com/this-is-responsive/patterns.html Tuesday, May 28, 13