[TLVPHPUG] HTTP/2 and Asynchronous APIs

Slide 1

Slide 1 text

H T T P/ 2 A N D A SY N C H R O N O U S A P I S

Slide 2

Slide 2 text

D AV E Y S H A F I K • Author of Zend PHP 5 Certification Study Guide, Sitepoints PHP Anthology: 101 Essential Tips, Tricks & Hacks & PHP Master: Write Cutting Edge Code • A contributor to Zend Framework 1 & 2, phpdoc, & PHP internals • Original creator of PHAR/ PHP_Archive • @dshafik

Slide 3

Slide 3 text

h tt p : / /d e v e l o p e r. a ka m a i .co m

Slide 4

Slide 4 text

Let’s&start&a&conversation&about& mental&health&in&tech mhprompt.org/support

Slide 5

Slide 5 text

H T T P/ 2 A KA : H 2

Slide 6

Slide 6 text

No content

Slide 7

Slide 7 text

W H AT I S H T T P/ 2 ? CC-BY:

Slide 8

Slide 8 text

R F C 7 5 4 0 H Y P E RT E XT T R A N S F E R P R OTO CO L V E RS I O N 2

Slide 9

Slide 9 text

R F C 7 5 4 1 H PA C K - H E A D E R CO M P R E SS I O N FO R H T T P/ 2

Slide 10

Slide 10 text

C R E AT E D BY I E T F H T T P W O R K I N G G R O U P C H A I R E D BY A K A M A I ' S M A R K N OT T I N G H A M

Slide 11

Slide 11 text

–J O H N N Y A P P L E S E E D CC-BY: 1991 1996 1999 HTTP/0.9 HTTP/1.0 HTTP/1.1 2015 HTTP/2 2009 SPDY

Slide 12

Slide 12 text

B R O W S E R S U P P O RT • Chrome + Chrome Mobile • Firefox • IE 11 on Windows 10 • MS Edge • Safari (El Capitan/iOS 9) • Opera

Slide 13

Slide 13 text

B I N A R Y I N ST E A D O F T E XT CC-BY:

Slide 14

Slide 14 text

F U L LY M U LT I P L E X E D CC-BY: I N S T E A D O F O R D E R E D A N D B L O C K I N G

Slide 15

Slide 15 text

C A N US E O N E CO N N E CT I O N   FO R PA R A L L E L R E Q U E STS CC-BY: Alosh Bennett

Slide 16

Slide 16 text

US E S H E A D E R CO M P R E SS I O N CC-BY-SA: R E D U C E S O V E R H E A D

Slide 17

Slide 17 text

S E R V E R P U S H I S S U P E R CO O L ( N O R E A L LY ) CC-BY-SA:

Slide 18

Slide 18 text

S E R V E R P U S H • Allows the server to proactively push assets like stylesheets and images to the client without them needing to parse the HTML page and make subsequent requests • Done by pushing the assets into the client cache, avoiding the roundtrip necessary to pull them up once the client makes the request

Slide 19

Slide 19 text

W H AT D O E S H T T P/ 2 M E A N F O R M Y A P P L I C AT I O N ?

Slide 20

Slide 20 text

T R A N S PA R E N T CC-BY-SA: H A N D L E D B Y N G I N X / A PA C H E

Slide 21

Slide 21 text

S O W H AT ’ S T H E P O I N T ?

Slide 22

Slide 22 text

H T T P/ 1 . X S U C K S CC-BY: Flóra Soós

Slide 23

Slide 23 text

H T T P/ 1 . X S U C K S • Minify + Concat JavaScript and CSS • Inlining small JavaScript and CSS • Using image sprites • Using data: URIs • Domain sharding

Slide 24

Slide 24 text

T H E S E T H I N G S A R E A L L " C L E V E R " H AC K S CC-BY: Matt Biddulph

Slide 25

Slide 25 text

R E M E M B E R T H I S ? CC-BY: C A N US E O N E CO N N E CT I O N   FO R PA R A L L E L R E Q U E STS

Slide 26

Slide 26 text

U P LO A D I N G M U LT I P L E I M A G E S CC-BY:

Slide 27

Slide 27 text

S E R I A L U P LO A D S Ȑ

Slide 28

Slide 28 text

S E R I A L U P LO A D S Ȑ

Slide 29

Slide 29 text

S E R I A L U P LO A D S Ȑ

Slide 30

Slide 30 text

S E R I A L U P LO A D S Ȑ 

Slide 31

Slide 31 text

S E R I A L U P LO A D S Ȑ 

Slide 32

Slide 32 text

S E R I A L U P LO A D S Ȑ  

Slide 33

Slide 33 text

S E R I A L U P LO A D S Ȑ   

Slide 34

Slide 34 text

CO N CU R R E N T Ȑ 

Slide 35

Slide 35 text

CO N CU R R E N T Ȑ 

Slide 36

Slide 36 text

CO N CU R R E N T Ȑ 

Slide 37

Slide 37 text

CO N CU R R E N T Ȑ 

Slide 38

Slide 38 text

CO N CU R R E N T Ȑ 

Slide 39

Slide 39 text

A P I S

Slide 40

Slide 40 text

F E TC H I N G A B LO G P O ST + CO M M E N TS CC-BY:

Slide 41

Slide 41 text

Slide 42

Slide 42 text

Slide 43

Slide 43 text

Ȑ GET /post/1

Slide 44

Slide 44 text

Ȑ GET /post/1 200 OK application/json

Slide 45

Slide 45 text

{ "type": "post", "id": "1", "title": "JSON API paints my bikeshed!", "tags": ["json", "api", "relationships"], "author": "http://example.com/posts/1/author", "comments": "http://example.com/posts/1/comments" }

Slide 46

Slide 46 text

Slide 47

Slide 47 text

Slide 48

Slide 48 text

Ȑ GET /posts/1/comments

Slide 49

Slide 49 text

Ȑ GET /posts/1/comments 200 OK application/json

Slide 50

Slide 50 text

[ "http://example.org/post/1/comment/1", "http://example.org/post/1/comment/2", "http://example.org/post/1/comment/3", "http://example.org/post/1/comment/4" ]

Slide 51

Slide 51 text

Slide 52

Slide 52 text

Slide 53

Slide 53 text

Ȑ GET /post/example/comments/1

Slide 54

Slide 54 text

Ȑ GET /post/example/comments/ 200 OK application/json 1

Slide 55

Slide 55 text

2 Ȑ GET /post/example/comments/ 200 OK application/json 1

Slide 56

Slide 56 text

2 3 Ȑ GET /post/example/comments/ 200 OK application/json 1

Slide 57

Slide 57 text

2 3 4 Ȑ GET /post/example/comments/ 200 OK application/json 1

Slide 58

Slide 58 text

{ "type": "comment", "id": "1", "title": "FIRST!", "author": "http://example.com/post/1/comment/1/author" }

Slide 59

Slide 59 text

6 requests (possibly connections)

Slide 60

Slide 60 text

14 requests (possibly connections)

Slide 61

Slide 61 text

M U LT I P L E X E D Ȑ

Slide 62

Slide 62 text

M U LT I P L E X E D Ȑ GET /post/example/comments/3

Slide 63

Slide 63 text

M U LT I P L E X E D Ȑ GET /post/example/comments/3 GET /post/example/comments/1

Slide 64

Slide 64 text

M U LT I P L E X E D Ȑ GET /post/example/comments/3 GET /post/example/comments/1 GET /post/example/comments/2

Slide 65

Slide 65 text

M U LT I P L E X E D Ȑ GET /post/example/comments/3 GET /post/example/comments/1 GET /post/example/comments/2 200 OK application/json

Slide 66

Slide 66 text

M U LT I P L E X E D Ȑ GET /post/example/comments/3 GET /post/example/comments/1 GET /post/example/comments/2 200 OK application/json 200 OK application/json

Slide 67

Slide 67 text

M U LT I P L E X E D Ȑ GET /post/example/comments/3 GET /post/example/comments/1 GET /post/example/comments/2 200 OK application/json 200 OK application/json 200 OK application/json

Slide 68

Slide 68 text

CO D E

Slide 69

Slide 69 text

$numRequests = 378;

Slide 70

Slide 70 text

No content

Slide 71

Slide 71 text

H T T P/ 1 . 1 : SY N C H R O N O US $url = 'https://http2.akamai.com/demo/tile-%d.png'; for ($i = 0; $i <= $numRequests; $i++) { $ch = curl_init(); $conf[CURLOPT_URL] = sprintf($url, $i); curl_exec($ch); curl_close($ch); }

Slide 72

Slide 72 text

Slide 73

Slide 73 text

Slide 74

Slide 74 text

Slide 75

Slide 75 text

Slide 76

Slide 76 text

4 7 . 6 7   s e co n d s CC-BY:

Slide 77

Slide 77 text

H T T P/ 2 : SY N C H R O N O US $url = 'https://http2.akamai.com/demo/tile-%d.png'; for ($i = 0; $i <= $numRequests; $i++) { $ch = curl_init(); $conf[CURLOPT_URL] = sprintf($url, $i); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION, HTTP_VERSION_2_0); curl_exec($ch); curl_close($ch); }

Slide 78

Slide 78 text

Slide 79

Slide 79 text

6 2 . 1 9   s e co n d s CC-BY-NC:

Slide 80

Slide 80 text

$mh = curl_multi_init();  $url = 'https://http2.akamai.com/demo/tile-%d.png';  for ($i = 0; $i <= $numRequests; $i++) { $handles[] = $ch = curl_init(); $conf[CURLOPT_URL] = sprintf($url, ‘%d'); curl_multi_add_handle($mh, $ch); } H T T P/ 1 . 1 : CO N CU R R E N T

Slide 81

Slide 81 text

Slide 82

Slide 82 text

Slide 83

Slide 83 text

Slide 84

Slide 84 text

H T T P/ 1 . 1 : CO N CU R R E N T ( CO N T. ) do { $exec = curl_multi_exec($mh, $running); } while ($exec == CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM); while ($running && $exec == CURLM_OK) { $ready = curl_multi_select($mh); if ($ready != -1) { do { $exec = curl_multi_exec($mh, $running);  } while ($exec == CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM); } }

Slide 85

Slide 85 text

8 . 6 6   s e co n d s

Slide 86

Slide 86 text

$url = 'https://http2.akamai.com/demo/tile-%d.png';  for ($i = 0; $i <= $numRequests; $i++) { $handles[] = $ch = curl_init(); $conf[CURLOPT_URL] = sprintf($url, ‘%d'); curl_multi_add_handle($mh, $ch); } H T T P/ 2 : M U LT I P L E X E D $mh = curl_multi_init();

Slide 87

Slide 87 text

Slide 88

Slide 88 text

H T T P/ 2 : M U LT I P L E X E D ( CO N T. ) do { $exec = curl_multi_exec($mh, $running); } while ($exec == CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM); while ($running && $exec == CURLM_OK) { $ready = curl_multi_select($mh); if ($ready != -1) { do { $exec = curl_multi_exec($mh, $running);  } while ($exec == CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM); } }

Slide 89

Slide 89 text

2 . 1 4   s e co n d s CC-BY:

Slide 90

Slide 90 text

H T T P/ 2 N E G OT I AT I O N CC-BY-ND:

Slide 91

Slide 91 text

P R OTO CO L I D E N T I F I E RS • h2 — HTTP/2 over TLS, negotiated via ALPN (Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation) • h2c — HTTP/2 over TCP (plain text), uses an HTTP/1.1 request with a 101 Switching Protocols status response if supported

Slide 92

Slide 92 text

– W I K I P E D I A /A P P L I C AT I O N - L AY E R _ P R OTO CO L _ N E G OT I AT I O N Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation (ALPN) is a Transport Layer Security (TLS) extension for application layer protocol negotiation. ALPN allows the application layer to negotiate which protocol should be performed over a secure connection in a manner which avoids additional round trips and which is independent of the application layer protocols. It is used by HTTP/2. […] On July 11, 2014, ALPN was published as RFC 7301

Slide 93

Slide 93 text

H 2 C U P G R A D E N E G OT I AT I O N > GET / HTTP/1.1 > Host: server.example.com > Connection: Upgrade, HTTP2-Settings > Upgrade: h2c > HTTP2-Settings: < HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols < Connection: Upgrade < Upgrade: h2c < < [ HTTP/2 connection ...

Slide 94

Slide 94 text

H 2 C U P G R A D E N E G OT I AT I O N ( CO N T. ) • May be an OPTIONS request if concurrency of multiple requests is important • May be any request type (e.g. PUT/POST/GET/HEAD/DELETE) but any body must be sent in it's entirety before HTTP/2 can start • A server must ignore an "h2" token in an Upgrade header field. Presence of a token with "h2" implies HTTP/2 over TLS, which is instead negotiated via TLS-ALPN • It must include a settings payload with the initial request

Slide 95

Slide 95 text

A L L B R O W S E RS R E Q U I R E T LS FO R H T T P/ 2 CC-BY: Jason Baker

Slide 96

Slide 96 text

D I R E CT CO N N E CT W I T H H T T P/ 2

Slide 97

Slide 97 text

P R I O R K N O W L E D G E • It is possible to set up a connection with HTTP/1.1 or ALPN negotiation when prior knowledge of HTTP/2 is known • Performance enhancement • Client/Server must send the HTTP/2 connection prefix • Not supported in curl yet

Slide 98

Slide 98 text

S E R V E R P US H CC-BY:

Slide 99

Slide 99 text

Slide 100

Slide 100 text

Slide 101

Slide 101 text

Ȑ GET /post/1

Slide 102

Slide 102 text

Ȑ GET /post/1 200 OK application/json

Slide 103

Slide 103 text

GET /post/1/comments Ȑ GET /post/1 200 OK application/json

Slide 104

Slide 104 text

GET /post/1/comments GET /post/1/comment/1 Ȑ GET /post/1 200 OK application/json

Slide 105

Slide 105 text

Ȑ GET /post/1/comments GET /post/1/comment/1

Slide 106

Slide 106 text

Ȑ GET /post/1/comment/2 GET /post/1/comment/3 GET /post/1/comment/4 GET /post/1/comments GET /post/1/comment/1

Slide 107

Slide 107 text

Slide 108

Slide 108 text

Ȑ GET /post/1/comment/2 GET /post/1/comment/3 GET /post/1/comment/4 GET /post/1/comment/1/author GET /post/1/comment/2/author GET /post/1/comment/3/author GET /post/1/comment/4/author GET /post/1/comment/1/author/avatar.png GET /post/1/comment/2/author/avatar.png GET /post/1/comment/3/author/avatar.png GET /post/1/comment/4/author/avatar.png GET /post/1/comments GET /post/1/comment/1

Slide 109

Slide 109 text

CSS /J S M I N I F I C AT I O N I S U N E C E SS A R Y CC-BY: G Z I P CO M P R E SS I O N + M U LT I P L E X I N G + S E R V E R P US H

Slide 110

Slide 110 text

ST R E A M S CC-BY: Kylir Horton

Slide 111

Slide 111 text

ST R E A M S • Each request/response is a stream • Streams are comprised of Frames • Streams may have a weight (1-256) • Streams may have a dependency

Slide 112

Slide 112 text

ST R E A M W E I G H TS Stream A Weight: 1 Stream B Weight: 2 Stream C Weight: 3 2X Stream A 1.5X Stream B  3X Stream A

Slide 113

Slide 113 text

ST R E A M D E P E N D E N C I E S Stream A Stream B Depends: A Stream C Depends: B Delivered after A Delivered after B

Slide 114

Slide 114 text

F R A M E S CC-BY: Bart Everson

Slide 115

Slide 115 text

F R A M E S • Messages are composed of multiple frames, e.g. headers, data, and settings • Each frame has a common header • 9 byte, length prefixed • Easy & efficient to parse • Frames can be interleaved — this is multiplexing

Slide 116

Slide 116 text

F R A M E S POST /search HTTP/1.1 Host: example.org Content-Type: application/json Content-Length: 58 {  "keywords":"example",  "location":"posts"  } HEADERS  frame Data  frame } }

Slide 117

Slide 117 text

H E A D E RS : H PAC K CC-BY-SA:

Slide 118

Slide 118 text

H E A D E RS : H PA C K • Uses a table of known values as an index • Can represent a header name and value (e.g. :status: 404), or just a header name (e.g. accept:) • Values are either statically encoded, or use a static Huffman code

Slide 119

Slide 119 text

# Name Value 1 :authority 2 :method GET 3 :method POST 4 :path / 5 :path /index.html 6 :scheme http 7 :scheme https 8 :status 200 9 :status 204 10 :status 206 11 :status 304 12 :status 400 13 :status 404 14 :status 500 15 accept-charset

Slide 120

Slide 120 text

A KA M A I { O P E N } E D G E G R I D F O R P H P

Slide 121

Slide 121 text

W E US E G U ZZ L E

Slide 122

Slide 122 text

G U ZZ L E S U P P O RT • Some support • Doesn’t handle lack of http2 support in libcurl • Doesn’t handle multiplexing • Untested (but should be OK, as libcurl itself is tested) • Details: http://daveyshafik.com/guzzle-http2

Slide 123

Slide 123 text

CO D E CC-BY:

Slide 124

Slide 124 text

H T T P/ 1 . 1 : SY N C H R O N O US use GuzzleHttp\Client;   $url = 'https://http2.akamai.com/demo/tile-%d.png';  $client = new Client(); for ($i = 0; $i <= $numRequests; $i++) { $client->get(sprintf($url, $i)); }

Slide 125

Slide 125 text

Slide 126

Slide 126 text

Slide 127

Slide 127 text

Slide 128

Slide 128 text

Slide 129

Slide 129 text

Slide 130

Slide 130 text

use GuzzleHttp\Client;   $url = 'https://http2.akamai.com/demo/tile-%d.png';  $client = new Client( for ($i = 0; $i <= $numRequests; $i++) { $client->get(sprintf($url, $i)); } H T T P/ 2 . 0 : SY N C H R O N O US );

Slide 131

Slide 131 text

Slide 132

Slide 132 text

H T T P/ 2 : M U LT I P L E X E D use GuzzleHttp\Client;   $url = 'https://http2.akamai.com/demo/tile-%d.png';  $client = new Client(['version' => 2]); for ($i = 0; $i <= $numRequests; $i++) { $client->getAsync(sprintf($url, $i)); } $results = Promise\unwrap($promises);

Slide 133

Slide 133 text

H T T P/ 1 . 1 : CO N CU R R E N T U P LOA D S use \Akamai\NetStorage\Handler\Authentication as AuthHandler; use \Akamai\NetStorage\Authentication; $stack = \GuzzleHttp\HandlerStack::create();   $handler = new AuthHandler();  $handler->setSigner( (new Authentication())->setKey($key, $keyName) ); $client = new Akamai\Edgegrid\Open\Client([ 'handler' => $stack ]);

Slide 134

Slide 134 text

$url = "http://example.akamaihd.net/cpCode/%s";  foreach ($_FILES as $file) { $fileName = Ramsey\Uuid\Uuid::uuid4(); $promises = $client->putAsync(  sprintf($url, $filename),   [ 'body' => fopen($file['tmp_name'], 'r+') ] ); }  $results = Promise\unwrap($promises); H T T P/ 2 : M U LT I P L E X E D F I L E U P LO A D ( CO N T. )

Slide 135

Slide 135 text

Slide 136

Slide 136 text

Slide 137

Slide 137 text

Slide 138

Slide 138 text

Slide 139

Slide 139 text

H T T P/ 2 : M U LT I P L E X E D F I L E U P LO A D ( P O S S I B L E A P I ) use \Akamai\NetStorage\Handler\Authentication as AuthHandler; use \Akamai\NetStorage\Authentication; $stack = \GuzzleHttp\HandlerStack::create();   $handler = new AuthHandler();  $handler->setSigner( (new Authentication())->setKey($key, $keyName) ); $client = new Akamai\Edgegrid\Open\Client([ 'handler' => $stack,   'version' => 2 ]);

Slide 140

Slide 140 text

Slide 141

Slide 141 text

Slide 142

Slide 142 text

R FC : CU R L H T T P/ 2 P US H S U P P O RT https://daveyshafik.com/curl-http2-push

Slide 143

Slide 143 text

I N S U M M A R Y

Slide 144

Slide 144 text

N O M O R E H AC K S !

Slide 145

Slide 145 text

H U G E P E R FO R M A N C E W I N S

Slide 146

Slide 146 text

6 0 % + M A R K E T S H A R E

Slide 147

Slide 147 text

H T T P / 2 I S A W E S O M E ! CC-BY-SA:

Slide 148

Slide 148 text

F E E D B A C K & Q U E S T I O N S Twitter: Email: Slides: @dshafik [email protected] http://daveyshafik.com/slides