質の高いAPIを作るための7つの習慣

by Ryo Tomidokoro

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࣭ͷߴ͍"1*Λ࡞ΔͨΊͷ ͭͷश׳ 1)1ΧϯϑΝϨϯε !IBOIBO

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‣ !IBOIBO ‣ 8FC"QQMJDBUJPO &OHJOFFS ‣ :PLPIBNB/PSUI؅ཧਓ "CPVUNF

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wडୗ։ൃձࣾʹ͓͚Δ஌ݟ w3FTU"1*ͷ඼࣭ΛߴΊΔҝʹ΍͍ͬͯΔࣄ wΤϯδχΞ͔Βͷࢹ఺ "CPVUUIJTUBML

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$POUFOU ։ൃલͷ஫ҙ఺ ᶃ ܖ໿ͷ֬ೝ ᶄ ݟੵͷ֬ೝ ᶅ νʔϜମ੍ "1*։ൃͷͭͷश׳ ᶃ ઃܭجૅ஌ࣝΛ਎ʹ͚ͭΔ ᶄ σʔλʹ஫໨͢Δ ᶅ ৗ༻ͷઃܭπʔϧΛ࣋ͭ ᶆ APPઃܭࢥ૝Λ৺ʹࠁΉ ᶇ ద੾ͳWAFΛબ୒͢Δ ᶈ ςετϑΝʔετͰ࡞Δ ᶉ CIͱࣗಈϦϦʔεΛߦ͏

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։ൃલͷ஫ҙ఺

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w ೳྗͷߴ͍ΤϯδχΞ͕඼࣭ͷߴ͍"1*Λ࡞ΕΔͱ ͸ඞͣ͠΋ݶΒͳ͍ɻ w ೳྗΛൃش͢ΔͨΊͷ࠷௿ݶͷ৚݅ΛٻΊ͍ͯ͘ඞ ཁ͕͋Δɻ

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ᶃ ܖ໿ͷ֬ೝ

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੥ෛܖ໿Ͱೲظ͸ܾ·͍ͬͯΔ͚Ͳ… w ΍Δ͜ͱ͸ܾ·ͬͯͳ͍ w ҰମԿΛ੥͚ෛͬͨʁ

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࠶ݟੵ͕ܭըʹೖͬͯͳ͍ w ࢓༷͸มԽ͢Δ w ΍Δ͜ͱ΋มΘΔ w ݟੵ͚ͩมΘΒͳ͍ʁ

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੥ෛɾ४ҕ೚ͳͷʹࢦشݖ͕ແ͍ w ٳՋͷ࿈བྷઌฉ͔ΕͨΓ w ૬खͷ෰຿نఔʹԊ͏ʁ w ҧ๏ͳΜ͡Όɾɾɾ

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w ܖ໿಺༰͸࠷ޙͷࡆͱͯ͠कͬͯ͘ΕΔ६ w ΤϯδχΞ͔ͩΒؔ܎ͳ͍ɾɾɾ͸/( w ࣾ಺Ͱܖ໿ͷΨΠυϥΠϯΛ࡞ΔͳͲͯ͠ ๷೾అΛ࡞͓ͬͯ͘ খ·ͱΊ

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ᶄ ݟੵͷ֬ೝ

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ݟੵͷ਺ࣈ͸ίϛοτϝϯτʹͳΔ w ਺ࣈ͚͕ͩҰਓา͖͍ͯ͘͠ w ॳظͷݟੵ͕ਖ਼͍͠ͱ͍͏ؒҧͬͨղऍ w ݴͬͨऀෛ͚ͷੈք

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ܭը͕มΘͬͯ΋ݟੵ͕มΘΒͳ͍ w ೲظʹ߹Θͤͯݟੵ͕ॖখ͢Δոݱ৅ w ಾͷΤΫηϧද͕ര஀ w ϦϦʔε೔͸ෆಈ

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νʔϜ಺Ͱ΋ݟੵͷղऍ͕ҟͳ͍ͬͯΔ w Ӧۀ͸Ӧۀͷղऍ w 1.͸1.ͷղऍ w ΤϯδχΞ͸ݟੵ͕͍͍Ճݮͳ͜ͱΛ஌͍ͬͯΔ

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w νʔϜ಺ͰݟੵͷษڧձΛ͢Δ w ಾղऍ͕ߦΘΕͳ͍Α͏ʹৗʹҙࣝ߹Θͤ w ݟੵ͸ઈ͑ͣมԽ͢Δ খ·ͱΊ

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w ໊ݴʮݟੵΓ͸ఱؾ༧ใʯ w ن໛Ͱݟੵɺ࣮੷Ͱ׬੒೔Λܭࢉ w ݟੵʹର͢Δਖ਼͍͠ೝࣝΛڭ͑ͯ͘ΕΔ ࢀߟਤॻ ΞδϟΠϧͳ ݟੵΓͱܭըͮ͘Γ

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ᶅ νʔϜମ੍ͷ֬ೝ

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ϓϩάϥϚͷϚϧνλεΫ͸ېࢭ w ௐ੔͠ͳ͕Β֎஫͠ͳ͕Βɺ։ൃ͢Δͷ͸ແཧ w ਓؒ͸Ұ౓ʹҰͭͷ͜ͱ͔͠ग़དྷͳ͍ w ࡞ۀऀ͕͖ͪΜͱ̍ਓ೔೔ΛऔΕΔνʔϜମ੍

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νʔϜମ੍ʹ·ͭΘΔόζϫʔυ w ϓϨΠϯάϚωʔδϟʔ w ϑϧελοΫΤϯδχΞ w ͣͬͱ࠾༻׆ಈ͍ͯ͠ΔΑ͏ͳձࣾʹଟ͍৬छ

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w ࡞ۀ͕࣌ؒऔΕΔνʔϜମ੍ w ҆৺ײ͕ແ͍νʔϜͰ͸։ൃͮ͠Β͍ খ·ͱΊ

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"1*։ൃͷͭͷश׳

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ᶃ ઃܭجૅ஌ࣝΛ਎ʹ͚ͭΔ

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RestAPIͷઃܭ͸؁͘ΈΒΕ͕ͪ w 8FCαΠτͷϊϦͰ࡞ΒΕͯ͠·͏ w +40/ฦͯ͠Ε͹ͦΕͰ0, w 63-͔ΒಡΈऔΕΔ৘ใ͕গͳ͍

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཈͑ͯཉ͍͠ઃܭࢥ૝΍צॴ w -46%WT44,% w ར༻ऀʹ෼͔Γ΍͍͢63-ઃܭ w )551ͷ࢓૊ΈΛ্खʹར༻͢Δ

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w "1*ઃܭͷڭయ w खࠒͳϖʔδ਺Ͱแׅతʹֶ΂Δ w ؤுΕ͹೔ͰಡΊ·͢ ࢀߟਤॻ 8FC"1* 5IF(PPE1BSUT ਫ໺و໌ ஶ ※͜ΕҰ࡭ಡΉ͚ͩͰ͔ͳΓҧ͍͕Ͱ·͢

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ᶄ σʔλʹ஫໨͢Δ

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APIΛઃܭ͢Δͱ͖͸·ͣσʔλ͔Β w "1*͸σʔλΛར༻ऀʹఏڙ͢Δ࢓૊Έ w ٧·Δॴ͸42-͕ϝΠϯ w σʔλϞσϧ͔Β"1*࢓༷ΛܾΊ͍ͯ͘

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σʔλɾϞσϧ͔Β൑அͰ͖Δ͜ͱ w ࢓༷ͷແཧΛચ͍ग़ͤΔ w σʔλ͕୯७Ͱ͋Ε͹"1*Λ࡞Βͳ͍ܾஅ΋ɻ w #BB4Ͱ։ൃͷόοΫΤϯυ

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σʔλɾϞσϧͷઃܭํ๏ w ݄ฒΈ͚ͩͲཁ݅ఆٛ w ݄ฒΈ͚ͩͲ֎෦ઃܭ 6*69ઃܭ w ίπίπͱ&3ਤΛ࡞Δ

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w σʔλϞσϦϯάೳྗ͸"1*ͷ඼࣭ʹ௚݁ w ৔߹ʹΑͬͯ͸"1*Λ࡞Βͳ͍൑அ

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w ϦϨʔγϣφϧϞσϧͷཧ࿦Λֶ΂Δ w ͳΜͱͳ͘ɾɾɾͷཧ۶͕෼͔Δ w ಡΉͷ͸݁ߏେม ࢀߟਤॻ ཧ࿦͔ΒֶͿ σʔλϕʔε࣮ફೖ໳ Ԟ໺װ໵ ஶ

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w ύϑΥʔϚϯεΛҙࣝͨ͠42- w %#.4ͷ࣮ߦܭըʹର͢Δཧղ ࢀߟਤॻ 42-࣮ફೖ໳ ϛοΫ ஶ

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ᶅ ৗ༻ͷઃܭπʔϧΛ࣋ͭ

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खʹೃછΜͩઃܭπʔϧ͸ๅ෺ w ઃܭ੒Ռ෺ͱͯ͠&3ਤɺ"1*࢓༷ॻ͕ඞཁ w ϙΠϯτΛ཈͍͑ͯΕ͹ɺͲΕͰ΋ߏΘͳ͍ɻ

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ERਤ࡞੒ͷπʔϧબఆϙΠϯτ w ಛʹແ͠ɻ w ݟ΍ͯ͘͢ɺӡ༻ָ͕ͳΒԿͰ΋͍͍ɻ

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w .BDͰಈ͘ʂ w 1%'ग़ྗ͕͋Δ w ૢ࡞ੑ΋·͋·͋Ͱݟͨ໨΋0, ࢀߟπʔϧ .Z42-8PSLCFODI

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API࢓༷ॻ࡞੒ͷπʔϧબఆϙΠϯτ w ࢓༷ॻʹϒϥ΢βͰΞΫηεͰ͖Δ w มߋͨ͠࢓༷ॻͷߋ৽Λ$*ܦ༝Ͱߦ͑Δ

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w +40/PSZBNMͰฤू0, w ϒϥ΢βͰӾཡՄೳ w %PDLFSͰ؆୯ʹߏஙՄೳ w ؔ࿈πʔϧ΋ॆ࣮ ࢀߟπʔϧ 4XBHHFS6*

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w खʹೃછΉઃܭπʔϧΛ୳͓ͯ͘͠ w "1*࢓༷ॻ͸"1*ར༻ऀͷҝʹ΋  ࠷৽ͷঢ়ଶΛΩʔϓ͠қ͍πʔϧΛબͿ

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ᶆ APPઃܭࢥ૝Λ৺ʹࠁΉ

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GBDUPSBQQ IUUQTGBDUPSOFU

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Մ༻ੑͷߴ͍ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷઃܭࢥ૝ w ͱΓ͋͑ͣಡΜͲ͘ w ϞμϯͳΞϓϦͷઃܭࢥ૝͕٧·͍ͬͯΔ w ࠷ۙ͸ී௨ʹҙࣝ͞Ε͍ͯΔؾ΋͢Δ

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ᶇ ద੾ͳWAFΛબ୒͢Δ

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ΦϨΦϨϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ͸΍Ί͓ͯ͜͏ w ޙͷਓͷ͜ͱΛߟ͑Α͏ ੾࣮ w ͍ͭ࠷ۙ΋ා͍ͷΛݟͨ w ՈͰ΍Ζ͏ʂ

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WAFબఆϙΠϯτ w .JHSBUJPO w ςετπʔϧ w ίϚϯυϥΠϯ w ΤϥʔϋϯυϦϯά

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w -BSBWFM੡ͷܰྔ8"' w ଎͍ˍࢀߟ৘ใ͕ଟ͍ w ઌͷબߟϙΠϯτ͸શͯΫϦΞ ࢀߟ8"' -VNFO https://lumen.laravel.com/

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w ඞཁͳػೳΛ࣋ͬͨ8"'Λ஌͓ͬͯ͘ w ΦϨΦϨ͸΍ΊΑ͏ɻ w ϚΠΫϩϑϨʔϜϫʔΫXJUIDPNQPTFS ΋ྑ͍ͱ͸ࢥ͏ɻ

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ᶈ ςετϑΝʔετͰ࡞Δ

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+VTU%P*U

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࣮͸API͸͘͢͝ςετ͠΍͍͢ w "1*࢓༷ॻͰ*0͕ܾ·͍ͬͯΔ w 63-୯ҐͰ࡞Ε͹͍͍ͷͰ෼͔Γ΍͍͢ w ΍Βͳ͍ͳΜͯ໪ମແ͍ʂ

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w ΍Βͳ͍બ୒ࢶ͸ແ͍ɻ w ಛʹ࢓༷มߋ΍όάमਖ਼࣌ʹҖྗΛൃش w શମͱͯ͠͸։ൃ଎౓্͕͕Δɻ

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w -VNFOʹ΋σϑΥͰ૊ΈࠐΜͰ͋Δ w આ໌ෆཁͷ༗໊ςετπʔϧ ࢀߟςετπʔϧ 1)16OJU https://phpunit.de/

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w #%%ͷςετπʔϧ w &&ςετͰΑ͘࢖͏ w ڈ೥ͷ๻ͷൃද͸#FIBUۦಈ։ൃ ࢀߟςετπʔϧ #FIBU http://behat.org/en/latest/

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ᶉ CIͱࣗಈϦϦʔεΛߦ͏

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CI΍ࣗಈϦϦʔε͸։ൃʹઐ೦͢Δҝ w ҰʑϦϦʔε࡞ۀ͢Δͷ໘౗͍͘͞ w ςετͷ࣮ߦ΋໘౗͍͘͞ w ଵଦͷ݁থ͕ࣗಈϦϦʔε

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CI΍ࣗಈϦϦʔεΛଓ͚ΔϙΠϯτ w ແཧ͠ͳ͍ w ͭͶʹ࠷௿ݶͷ͜ͱΛ͢Δ w ༨༟͕ग़དྷͨΒ߽՚ʹ͍ͯ͘͠

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w ແྉ Ϗϧυίϯςφ w 1SJWBUF3FQPTJUPSZ΋࢖͑Δ w %PDLFSίϯςφͷCVJMEʹ΋ରԠ w ࢿྉ΋ॆ࣮ͯͯ͠࢖͍΍͍͢ ࢀߟ$*πʔϧ $JSDMF$* https://circleci.com/

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w ແྉ w 1SJWBUF3FQPTJUPSZ΋࢖͑Δ w Ϗϧυ؀ڥʹ%PDLFSίϯςφ͕࢖͑Δ w ݹ͍ࢿྉ͕ଟ͍ͷ͕গ͠೉఺ ࢀߟ$*πʔϧ 8FSDLFS http://wercker.com/

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w ϦϦʔε࡞ۀ͸ػցʹ೚ͤΑ͏ w εϞʔϧελʔτͰ࢝Ί·͠ΐ͏ w ৭Μͳ$*πʔϧ͋ΔͷͰࢼͯ͠ݟΑ͏

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'JO