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How to Write Deployment-friendly Applications Hynek Schlawack

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views.py from pyramid.response import Response from pyramid.view import view_config @view_config(route_name="hello") def hello_world(request): return Response("Hello World!")

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from pyramid.config import Configurator from .views import hello_world def make_app(): config = Configurator() config.add_route("hello", "/hello") config.scan() return config.make_wsgi_app() app_maker.py

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from pyramid.config import Configurator from .views import hello_world def make_app(): config = Configurator() config.add_route("hello", "/hello") config.scan() return config.make_wsgi_app() app_maker.py

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$ gunicorn \ --access-logfile - \ "sample.app_maker:make_app()"

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$ gunicorn \ --access-logfile - \ "sample.app_maker:make_app()" [2018-04-05 16:28:06 +0200] [54343] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 19.7.1 [2018-04-05 16:28:06 +0200] [54343] [INFO] Listening at: http://127.0.0.1:8000 (54343) [2018-04-05 16:28:06 +0200] [54343] [INFO] Using worker: sync [2018-04-05 16:28:06 +0200] [54346] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 54346

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$ gunicorn \ --access-logfile - \ "sample.app_maker:make_app()" $ curl http://127.0.0.1:8000/hello Hello World! [2018-04-05 16:28:06 +0200] [54343] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 19.7.1 [2018-04-05 16:28:06 +0200] [54343] [INFO] Listening at: http://127.0.0.1:8000 (54343) [2018-04-05 16:28:06 +0200] [54343] [INFO] Using worker: sync [2018-04-05 16:28:06 +0200] [54346] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 54346

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$ gunicorn \ --access-logfile - \ "sample.app_maker:make_app()" $ curl http://127.0.0.1:8000/hello Hello World! [2018-04-05 16:28:06 +0200] [54343] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 19.7.1 [2018-04-05 16:28:06 +0200] [54343] [INFO] Listening at: http://127.0.0.1:8000 (54343) [2018-04-05 16:28:06 +0200] [54343] [INFO] Using worker: sync [2018-04-05 16:28:06 +0200] [54346] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 54346 127.0.0.1 - - [05/Apr/2018:16:28:08 +0200] "GET /hello HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "curl/7.54.0"

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#!/bin/bash exec 2>&1 \ gunicorn \ --access-logfile - \ "sample.app_maker:make_app()" run-app.sh

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#!/bin/bash exec 2>&1 \ gunicorn \ --access-logfile - \ "sample.app_maker:make_app()" run-app.sh

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#!/bin/bash exec 2>&1 \ gunicorn \ --access-logfile - \ "sample.app_maker:make_app()" run-app.sh

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ExecStart=/app/run-app.sh systemd

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ENTRYPOINT ["/app/run-app.sh"] Dockerfile

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web: ./run-app.sh Procfile

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App

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./run-app.sh App

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127.0.0.1:8000 Exposes ./run-app.sh App

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127.0.0.1:8000 Exposes ./run-app.sh Logs stdout App

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Configuration

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What Varies?

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What Varies? Very Little

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[server] host=127.0.0.1 port=8000 log_level=INFO log_format=human

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Environment Variables

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Environment=LOG_FORMAT=human Environment=LOG_LEVEL=INFO ExecStart=/app/run-app.sh systemd

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ENV LOG_FORMAT=human ENV LOG_LEVEL=INFO ENTRYPOINT ["/app/run-app.sh"] Dockerfile

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direnv

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envconsul direnv etcdenv

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envconsul direnv etcdenv os.environ

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envconsul direnv etcdenv envsubst os.environ

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envconsul direnv etcdenv envsubst consul-template confd os.environ

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$ env HOST=0.0.0.0 PORT=8888 LOG_LEVEL=INFO \ ./run-app.sh [2018-04-09 15:59:29 +0200] [35323] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 19.7.1 [2018-04-09 15:59:29 +0200] [35323] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:8888

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$ env HOST=0.0.0.0 PORT=8888 LOG_LEVEL=INFO \ ./run-app.sh [2018-04-09 15:59:29 +0200] [35323] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 19.7.1 [2018-04-09 15:59:29 +0200] [35323] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:8888

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$ env HOST=0.0.0.0 PORT=8888 LOG_LEVEL=INFO \ ./run-app.sh [2018-04-09 15:59:29 +0200] [35323] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 19.7.1 [2018-04-09 15:59:29 +0200] [35323] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:8888

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$ env HOST=0.0.0.0 PORT=8888 LOG_LEVEL=INFO \ ./run-app.sh [2018-04-09 15:59:29 +0200] [35323] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 19.7.1 [2018-04-09 15:59:29 +0200] [35323] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:8888 logging.basicConfig( level=getattr( logging, os.environ["LOG_LEVEL"], ), format="%(message)s", stream=sys.stdout, )

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import environ @environ.config(prefix="APP") class AppConfig: @environ.config class Log: level = environ.var() format = environ.var() log = environ.group(Log) config.py

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APP_LOG_LEVEL → app_cfg.log.level import environ @environ.config(prefix="APP") class AppConfig: @environ.config class Log: level = environ.var() format = environ.var() log = environ.group(Log) config.py

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import environ from .config import AppConfig from .app_maker import make_app app_cfg = environ.to_config(AppConfig) application = make_app(app_cfg) wsgi.py

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import environ from .config import AppConfig from .app_maker import make_app app_cfg = environ.to_config(AppConfig) application = make_app(app_cfg) wsgi.py

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#!/bin/bash exec 2>&1 \ gunicorn \ --access-logfile - \ "sample.app" run-app.sh

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Don’t Put Sensitive Data Into Env Variables

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HashiCorp Vault AWS Secrets Manager Google Cloud KMS Microsoft Azure Key Vault Docker Secrets

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HashiCorp Vault AWS Secrets Manager Google Cloud KMS Microsoft Azure Key Vault Docker Secrets

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Open Space: Secrets Room 10 @ 5pm

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secrets.py

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class VaultSecrets: # ... def get_db_url(self): return self.vault.read( f"secret/{self.env}/app-name" )["data"]["db_url"]) secrets.py

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class FakeSecrets: def get_db_url(self): return ( "postgresql://user@localhost/db" ) secrets.py

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App

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env HOST=0.0.0.0 \ PORT=8000 \ LOG_LEVEL=INFO \ ./run-app.sh App

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env HOST=0.0.0.0 \ PORT=8000 \ LOG_LEVEL=INFO \ ./run-app.sh Secrets App

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0.0.0.0:8000 Exposes env HOST=0.0.0.0 \ PORT=8000 \ LOG_LEVEL=INFO \ ./run-app.sh Secrets App

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0.0.0.0:8000 Exposes env HOST=0.0.0.0 \ PORT=8000 \ LOG_LEVEL=INFO \ ./run-app.sh Secrets stdout @ INFO Logs @ INFO App

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127.0.0.1:8000 Exposes env HOST=127.0.0.1 \ PORT=8000 \ ./run-app.sh App

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127.0.0.1:8001 Exposes env HOST=127.0.0.1 \ PORT=8001 \ ./run-app.sh App 127.0.0.1:8000 Exposes env HOST=127.0.0.1 \ PORT=8000 \ ./run-app.sh App

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127.0.0.1:8001 Exposes env HOST=127.0.0.1 \ PORT=8001 \ ./run-app.sh App 127.0.0.1:8000 Exposes env HOST=127.0.0.1 \ PORT=8000 \ ./run-app.sh App $PUBLIC_IP Load Balancer

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127.0.0.1:8001 Exposes env HOST=127.0.0.1 \ PORT=8001 \ ./run-app.sh App 127.0.0.1:8000 Exposes env HOST=127.0.0.1 \ PORT=8000 \ ./run-app.sh App $PUBLIC_IP Load Balancer Offline

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SIGTERM

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127.0.0.1:8001 Exposes env HOST=127.0.0.1 \ PORT=8001 \ ./run-app.sh App 127.0.0.1:8000 Exposes env HOST=127.0.0.1 \ PORT=8000 \ ./run-app.sh App $PUBLIC_IP Load Balancer

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127.0.0.1:8001 Exposes env HOST=127.0.0.1 \ PORT=8001 \ ./run-app.sh App 127.0.0.1:8000 Exposes env HOST=127.0.0.1 \ PORT=8000 \ ./run-app.sh App $PUBLIC_IP Load Balancer

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127.0.0.1:8001 Exposes env HOST=127.0.0.1 \ PORT=8001 \ ./run-app.sh App $PUBLIC_IP Load Balancer

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Readiness

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Readiness •/healthz

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Readiness •/healthz •/__heartbeat__

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Readiness •/healthz •/__heartbeat__ •/-/ready

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Readiness •/healthz •/__heartbeat__ •/-/ready •/-/readiness

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HAProxy http-request deny if { path_beg /-/ }

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Liveness

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Liveness •/-/healthy

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Liveness •/-/healthy •/-/liveness

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Liveness •/-/healthy •/-/liveness •__lbheartbeat__

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@view_config( route_name="ready", permission=NO_PERMISSION_REQUIRED, ) def ready(request): return Response("yep")

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@view_config( route_name="ready", permission=NO_PERMISSION_REQUIRED, ) def ready(request): return Response("yep") config.add_route("ready", "/-/ready")

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Moar

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Moar •__version__

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Moar •__version__ •/-/metrics

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Moar •__version__ •/-/metrics •/-/log-level

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127.0.0.1:8001 Exposes env HOST=127.0.0.1 \ PORT=8001 \ ./run-app.sh App 127.0.0.1:8000 Exposes env HOST=127.0.0.1 \ PORT=8000 \ ./run-app.sh App $PUBLIC_IP Load Balancer

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App 127.0.0.1:8003 Exposes env HOST=127.0.0.1 \ PORT=8002 \ ./run-app.sh 127.0.0.1:8002 Exposes env HOST=127.0.0.1 \ PORT=8002 \ ./run-app.sh App 127.0.0.1:8001 Exposes env HOST=127.0.0.1 \ PORT=8001 \ ./run-app.sh App 127.0.0.1:8000 Exposes env HOST=127.0.0.1 \ PORT=8000 \ ./run-app.sh App $PUBLIC_IP Load Balancer

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App 10.0.0.4:8000 Exposes env HOST=10.0.0.4 \ PORT=8000 \ ./run-app.sh 10.0.0.3:8000 Exposes env HOST=10.0.0.3 \ PORT=8000 \ ./run-app.sh App 10.0.0.2:8000 Exposes env HOST=10.0.0.2 \ PORT=8000 \ ./run-app.sh App 10.0.0.1:8000 Exposes env HOST=10.0.0.1 \ PORT=8000 \ ./run-app.sh App $PUBLIC_IP Load Balancer

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App 10.0.0.4:8000 Exposes env HOST=10.0.0.4 \ PORT=8000 \ ./run-app.sh 10.0.0.3:8000 Exposes env HOST=10.0.0.3 \ PORT=8000 \ ./run-app.sh App 10.0.0.2:8000 Exposes env HOST=10.0.0.2 \ PORT=8000 \ ./run-app.sh App 10.0.0.1:8000 Exposes env HOST=10.0.0.1 \ PORT=8000 \ ./run-app.sh App $PUBLIC_IP Load Balancer

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Open Space: Docker Sunday Room 11 @ 11am

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App

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run-app.sh App

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run-app.sh env HOST=0.0.0.0 PORT=8000 … App

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run-app.sh SIGTERM env HOST=0.0.0.0 PORT=8000 … App

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Secrets run-app.sh SIGTERM env HOST=0.0.0.0 PORT=8000 … App

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Secrets run-app.sh SIGTERM External Resources Keeps data in env HOST=0.0.0.0 PORT=8000 … App

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Secrets Exposes service 0.0.0.0:8000 run-app.sh SIGTERM External Resources Keeps data in env HOST=0.0.0.0 PORT=8000 … App

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Secrets Exposes service 0.0.0.0:8000 run-app.sh Exposes state 0.0.0.0:8000/-/* SIGTERM External Resources Keeps data in env HOST=0.0.0.0 PORT=8000 … App

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Logs stdout Secrets Exposes service 0.0.0.0:8000 run-app.sh Exposes state 0.0.0.0:8000/-/* SIGTERM External Resources Keeps data in env HOST=0.0.0.0 PORT=8000 … App

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•Loose Coupling

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•Loose Coupling •Separate I/O & Logic

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•Loose Coupling •Separate I/O & Logic •Avoid Global State

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App Boundary = Just Another Boundary

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Epilogue

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Epilogue

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ox.cx/df @hynek vrmd.de