熊でもわかるCI/CD/モダンインフラVol1：用語を覚えよう編

by Shohei Kobayashi

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༻ޠΛ֮͑Α͏ฤ 3BJMTΞϓϦͷ։ൃ޻ఔͰઆ໌͢ΔΑʂ ۽Ͱ΋Θ͔Δ$*$%ϞμϯΠϯϑϥ

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զ ΤϯδχΞྺɿ೥͘Β͍ ۀքɿ8FC͹͔ͬ ݴޠɿ3VCZͱ3BJMT೥ 1)11ZUIPO1FSM೥͘Β͍ʢ๨Ε͕ͪʣ Πϯϑϥ΍͖ͬͯͨྺʹΤϯδχΞྺ %/4αʔόͱ͔ϝʔϧαʔό࡞ͬͯ·ͨ͠ ࠷ۙ͸΋ͬͺΒ3BJMT࢖͍ͷϑϦʔϥϯεɻ ޷͖ͳ%/4αʔόͷϛυϧ΢ΣΞɿEKCEOT ޷͖ͳϝʔϧαʔόͷϛυϧ΢ΣΞɿ2NBJM ޷͖ͳ.Z42-ͷίϚϯυ͸TIPXTMBWFTUBUVT ޷͖ͳ"84ϓϩμΫτ͸&MBTUJD.BQ3FEVDF ޷͖ͳ($1ϓϩμΫτ͸$MPVESVO ޷͖ͳ$*$%πʔϧ͸(JUIVC"DUJPO &$4׬ᘳʹཧղͨ͠ কདྷͷເ͸ηΩϡϦςΟΤϯδχΞɻ

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$JSDMF$*͸͍͍ͧʂʂʂʂ

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΍͍͖ͬͯ

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ίί rails new ίʔυ͍ͬͺ͍͔͘ ϩʔΧϧͰ׬੒ʂ ʁ આ໌͢Δͱ͜Ζ ੨͍ͱ͜Ζ͕આ໌͠ͳ͍ͱ͜Ζ

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ܧଓతΠϯςάϨʔγϣϯ ΦϨϯδ৭ͷՕॴͷߏ੒ཁૉ ܧଓతσϦόϦʔ ΠϯϑϥɾαʔόɾωοτϫʔΫ લͷϖʔδͷΦϨϯδ৭Λࡉ෼Խ ܧଓతσϓϩΠϝϯτ

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ΦϨϯδ৭ͷՕॴͷҙຯ Continuous IntegrationʢܧଓతΠϯςάϨʔγϣϯʣ Continuous DeliveryʢܧଓతσϦόϦʔʣ ৘ใγεςϜΛߏ੒͢ΔαʔόͳͲͷػثɺιϑτ΢ΣΞɺ௨৴ωοτϫʔΫ ܧଓతΠϯςάϨʔγϣϯ ܧଓతσϦόϦʔ ΠϯϑϥɾαʔόɾωοτϫʔΫ ܧଓతσϓϩΠϝϯτ Continuous DeploymentʢܧଓతσϓϩΠʣ

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ϞμϯΠϯϑϥΛ࿩্͢Ͱߟ͑Δ$ͳΜͱ͔ܥ CͳΜͱ͔ܥͷจ຺ΛҰॹʹ࿩͞ͳ͍ͱϞμϯΠϯϑϥ͸੒Γཱͨͳ͍ ܧଓతΠϯςάϨʔγϣϯ ܧଓతσϦόϦʔ ΠϯϑϥɾαʔόɾωοτϫʔΫ ܧଓతσϓϩΠϝϯτ

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ܧଓతΠϯςάϨʔγϣϯ ܧଓతσϦόϦʔ ΠϯϑϥɾαʔόɾωοτϫʔΫ ܧଓతσϓϩΠϝϯτ

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ΞδϟΠϧ։ൃʹ͍ͭͯ $*$%$%ͷઆ໌Λ͢Δલʹ ·ͣ஌Βͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍֓೦ʹ͍ͭͯ

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ػೳΛ෼ׂ ΞδϟΠϧ։ൃͱ͸ ։ൃ ػೳΛখ͘͞෼ׂͯ͠ɺখ͍͞୯ҐͰ։ൃɾςετɾϦϦʔεΛ͍ͯ͘͠ख๏ εΫϥϜ։ൃͱಉٛͰ͸͋Γ·ͤΜʢҰॹʹઆ໌͞Ε΍͍͚͢Ͳʣ ςετ ϦϦʔε ։ൃ ςετ ϦϦʔε ։ൃ ςετ ϦϦʔε ػೳ1 ػೳ2 ػೳ3 ։ൃ։࢝

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ΞδϟΠϧ։ൃͷϝϦοτͱσϝϦοτ ͜ͷลେࣄ ཁٻมߋʹରԠ͠΍͍͢ ཁٻͷ௥ՃʹରԠ͠΍͍͢ มԽͷॊೈͳରԠ͕͠΍͍͢ ߴ଎ͳϦϦʔε͕͠΍͍͢ શମͷεέδϡʔϧ͕؅ཧͮ͠Β͍ ਐḿ͕؅ཧͮ͠Β͍ ϝϦοτ σϝϦοτ

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ΞδϟΠϧ։ൃͷσϝϦοτΛղܾ͍ͨ͠ ཁٻมߋʹରԠ͠΍͍͢ ཁٻͷ௥ՃʹରԠ͠΍͍͢ มԽͷॊೈͳରԠ͕͠΍͍͢ ߴ଎ͳϦϦʔε͕͠΍͍͢ શମͷεέδϡʔϧ͕؅ཧͮ͠Β͍ ਐḿ͕؅ཧͮ͠Β͍ ϝϦοτ σϝϦοτ

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ΞδϟΠϧ։ൃͷσϝϦοτղܾख๏ ܧଓతYYYYYY

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$ͳΜͱ͔ܥϫʔυ ܧଓతΠϯςάϨʔγϣϯ ܧଓతσϦόϦʔ ܧଓతσϓϩΠϝϯτ 1SPEVDUJPO؀ڥ ։ൃऀͷϩʔΧϧ

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$ͳΜͱ͔ܥϫʔυ ܧଓతΠϯςάϨʔγϣϯ ܧଓతσϦόϦʔ ܧଓతσϓϩΠϝϯτ 1SPEVDUJPO؀ڥ ։ൃऀͷϩʔΧϧ QSPEVDUJPOʹࢸΔ·ͰΛࣗಈԽ͢Δ޻ఔ͕ଟ͍ ҙຯ͸શ෦جຊಉ͡

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ྫ͑ ܧଓతΠϯςάϨʔγϣϯ ܧଓతσϦόϦʔ ܧଓతσϓϩΠϝϯτ ҙຯ͸શ෦جຊಉ͡ ڇͷؙম͖ αʔϩΠϯεςʔΩͱλϯγνϡʔ ڇλϯম೑ఆ৯͝൧ൈ͖ 1SPEVDUJPO؀ڥ ։ൃऀͷϩʔΧϧ

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ϩʔΧϧ͔Β1SPEVDUJPOʹࢸΔ·Ͱʹ΍Δ͜ͱ 1SPEVDUJPO؀ڥ ։ൃऀͷϩʔΧϧ

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ܧଓతYYYͷࣔ͢ൣғ 1SPEVDUJPO؀ڥ ։ൃऀͷϩʔΧϧ ୯ମςετ ݁߹ςετ Ϗϧυ σϓϩΠ४උ σϓϩΠ ܧଓతΠϯςάϨʔγϣϯ ܧଓతσϦόϦʔ ܧଓతσϓϩΠϝϯτ

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$*$%Λཧղ্ͨ͠Ͱઆ໌͢Δ 1SPEVDUJPO؀ڥ

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ͻͱੲલͷΠϯϑϥͱݺ͹ΕΔ΋ͷجຊܥ "NB[PO&$ "QQMJDBUJPO-PBE#BMBODFS 3%4.Z42- 71$ "QQMJDBUJPO-PBE#BMBODFS "NB[PO&$ 3%4 71$ ϩʔυόϥϯαʔɻ ΞΫηεΛෳ਺ͷαʔόʹৼΓ෼͚Δɻ )7.ʢϋʔυ΢ΣΞԾ૝ϚγϯʣํࣜͰԾ૝Խ͞Εͨ-JOVYΠϯελϯεɻ ׬શԾ૝ԽΛࠓ͸ਪ঑͍ͯ͠Δɻ ࠓ͸४Ծ૝ԽͱΦʔόʔϔουͦΜͳมΘΒͳ͍Β͍͠ɻ "84͕ఏڙ͍ͯ͠Δ.Z42-΍1PTUHSF42-ͷ4BB4ɻ 7JSUVBM1SJWBUF$MPVEɻ࿦ཧతʹ෼཭͞Ε͍ͯΔԾ૝ωοτϫʔΫɻ

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ׂͱࠓ࣌ͳΠϯϑϥͱݺ͹ΕΔ΋ͷɿجຊฤ "NB[PO&$4 "QQMJDBUJPO-PBE#BMBODFS 3%4"VSPSB 71$ "QQMJDBUJPO-PBE#BMBODFS "NB[PO&$4 3%4"VSPSB 71$ ϩʔυόϥϯαʔɻ ΞΫηεΛෳ਺ͷίϯςφʹৼΓ෼͚Δɻ %PDLFSίϯςφ࣮ߦ؀ڥɻ "84͕ఏڙ͍ͯ͠Δ3%#ͷ4BB4ɻ ޓ׵ੑ͕͋Δ͚ͩͰɺ.Z42-΍1PTUHSF42-ͱ͸શ͘ͷผ෺ɻ 7JSUVBM1SJWBUF$MPVEɻ࿦ཧతʹ෼཭͞Ε͍ͯΔԾ૝ωοτϫʔΫɻ ·ͣ͸جຊܥ͔Β

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ׂͱࠓ࣌ͳΠϯϑϥͱݺ͹ΕΔ΋ͷɿϑϩϯτ෼཭൛ "NB[PO&$4 "QQMJDBUJPO-PBE#BMBODFS 3%4"VSPSB 71$ "84"NQMJGZ ϑϩϯτΤϯυͷߏஙʙϗετ·ͰΛ໘౗ݟͯ͘ΕΔπʔϧͱػೳͷ૯শɻ ػೳͷҰͭʹϑϩϯτΤϯυͷϗεςΟϯάΛߦͬͯ͘ΕΔɻ ϑϩϯτΤϯυͱόοΫΤϯυΛ෼཭͠·͢ɻ "84"NQMJGZ ϑϩϯτΤϯυ όοΫΤϯυ ֎෦͔ΒͷΞΫηε

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ׂͱࠓ࣌ͳΠϯϑϥͱݺ͹ΕΔ΋ͷɿϑϩϯτ෼཭൛ "NB[PO&$4 "QQMJDBUJPO-PBE#BMBODFS 3%4"VSPSB 71$ "NB[PO$MPVE'SPOU "84ࣗલͷ$%/ɻ ஋ஈʹԠͯ͡"LBNBJͱ͔ʹͳΔ͜ͱ΋͋Δ $%/ΛڬΜͰ4ͱ͍͏ํ๏Λ࢖͍·͢ɻ "NB[PO$MPVE'SPOU ϑϩϯτΤϯυ όοΫΤϯυ ֎෦͔ΒͷΞΫηε "NB[PO4 "NB[PO4 ੩తϑΝΠϧΛϗεςΟϯά͢Δͷʹ࢖ΘΕΔετʔϨδαʔϏεɻ ଱ٱੑ͸Ͱམͪͳ͍ͷͰɺΠϨϒϯφΠϯͱ͔ݺ͹ΕΔ

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ׂͱࠓ࣌ͳΠϯϑϥͱݺ͹ΕΔ΋ͷɿϑϩϯτ෼཭൛ "NB[PO&$4 "QQMJDBUJPO-PBE#BMBODFS 3%4"VSPSB 71$ 7FSDFM ϑϩϯτΤϯυͷϗεςΟϯάઐ໳ϓϥοτϑΥʔϜɻ 3FBDU7VFOVYUOFYUͱ͔΋ରԠ͍ͯ͠Δɻ ϑϩϯτΤϯυͷϗεςΟϯάͰ"84Λ࢖Θͳ͍ख΋͋Γ·͢ɻ ϑϩϯτΤϯυ όοΫΤϯυ ֎෦͔ΒͷΞΫηε

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ׂͱࠓ࣌ͳΠϯϑϥͱݺ͹ΕΔ΋ͷɿϑϩϯτ͚ͩ൛ 'JSFCBTF3FBMUJNF%BUBCBTF (PPHMFͷ($1͕༻ҙ͍ͯ͠Δ'JSFCBTFʹ͋Δσʔλϕʔεɻ ϑϩϯτΤϯυͷػೳʹΑͬͯ͸"84Λ࢖Θͳ͍ख΋͋Γ·͢ɻ ϑϩϯτΤϯυ ֎෦͔ΒͷΞΫηε $MPVE'JSFTUPSF 3FBMUJNF%BUBCBTF 'JSFCBTF$MPVE%UBCBTF ࠓճ͸આ໌͠·ͤΜ

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ׂͱࠓ࣌ͳΠϯϑϥͱݺ͹ΕΔ΋ͷɿϑϩϯτ͚ͩ൛ FUIFSFVN ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯͷϓϥοτϑΥʔϜͷҰͭɻ εϚʔτίϯτϥΫτͰॲཧΛ͔͚ΔͷͰɺόοΫΤϯυͱͯ͠΋࢖͑Δɻ εϚʔτίϯτϥΫτΛόοΫΤϯυͱͯ͠࡞ΔΞϓϦΛ%BQQTͱ͍͏ɻ ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯΛόοΫΤϯυͱͯ͠ѻ͏ͱ͜Μͳߏ੒ʹͳͬͨΓ͠·͢ɻ ϑϩϯτΤϯυ ֎෦͔ΒͷΞΫηε ࠓճ͸આ໌͠·ͤΜ

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$*$%ͱΠϯϑϥΛཧղ্ͨ͠Ͱઆ໌͢Δ σϓϩΠ όοΫΤϯυʹݶఆ͢ΔΑ

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ιʔείʔυͷద༻ͷྲྀΕ "NB[PO&$4 "QQMJDBUJPO-PBE#BMBODFS 3%4"VSPSB ϩʔΧϧ͔Βຊ൪·Ͱͷ͓͞Β͍ɻ "NB[PO$MPVE'SPOU ϑϩϯτΤϯυ όοΫΤϯυ "NB[PO4 ։ൃऀͷϩʔΧϧ ୯ମςετ ݁߹ςετ Ϗϧυ σϓϩΠ४උ σϓϩΠ (JUIVC"DUJPO /FUXPSL $%/ ωοτϫʔΫ ετϨʔδ ϩʔυόϥϯαʔ ίϯςφ 3%#

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ιʔείʔυͷద༻ͷྲྀΕ "NB[PO&$4 "QQMJDBUJPO-PBE#BMBODFS 3%4"VSPSB ࣮ࡍʹ΍Δ͜ͱ "NB[PO$MPVE'SPOU ϑϩϯτΤϯυ όοΫΤϯυ "NB[PO4 ։ൃऀͷϩʔΧϧ ୯ମςετ ݁߹ςετ Ϗϧυ σϓϩΠ४උ σϓϩΠ CVOEMFJOTUBMM SBJMTECDSFBUF SBJMTECNJHSBUF CVOEMFFYFDSTQFD CVOEMFFYFDCSBLFNBO CVOEMFFYFDSVCPDPQ EPDLFSCVJME EPDLFSUBH EPDLFSQVTI DELEFQMPZ

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ιʔείʔυͷద༻ͷྲྀΕ "NB[PO&$4 "QQMJDBUJPO-PBE#BMBODFS 3%4"VSPSB ʮܧଓతσϓϩΠϑΣʔζʯ͕ϙΠϯτ "NB[PO$MPVE'SPOU ϑϩϯτΤϯυ όοΫΤϯυ "NB[PO4 ։ൃऀͷϩʔΧϧ ୯ମςετ ݁߹ςετ Ϗϧυ σϓϩΠ४උ σϓϩΠ

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σϓϩΠͷจ຺ ඍົʹݴͬͯΔ͜ͱ͕ҧ͏ ։ൃऀͷ͍͏σϓϩΠ "84ͷυΩϡϝϯτͷ͍͏σϓϩΠ खݩͷιʔείʔυΛຊ൪ʹద༻͢Δɻ %PDLFSJNBHFͱͯ͠׬੒͞Εͨ΋ͷΛίϯςφͱͯ͠ىಈຊ൪ͷ&$4ʹϦϦʔε͢Δɻ

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σϓϩΠͷจ຺ ඍົʹݴͬͯΔ͜ͱ͕ҧ͏ ίϯςφΠϝʔδ͕͋Δલఏͷ σϓϩΠͱ͍͏จ຺ͳͷͰ ͜ͷลΘ͔ΒΜͱࠞཚ͢Δ "NB[PO&$4 "QQMJDBUJPO-PBE#BMBODFS 3%4"VSPSB "NB[PO$MPVE'SPOU ϑϩϯτΤϯυ όοΫΤϯυ "NB[PO4 σϓϩΠ ʁ

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$*$%ͱΠϯϑϥͱσϓϩΠͷҙຯΛ౿·্͑ͨͰ %PDLFS*NBHF

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%PDLFS*NBHFपΓͷ࿩ "NB[PO&$4 "QQMJDBUJPO-PBE#BMBODFS 3%4"VSPSB σϓϩΠ४උͷ࿩ɻ ܧଓతσϦόϦʔʹ͋ͨΓ·͢ɻ "NB[PO$MPVE'SPOU ϑϩϯτΤϯυ όοΫΤϯυ "NB[PO4 ։ൃऀͷϩʔΧϧ ୯ମςετ ݁߹ςετ Ϗϧυ σϓϩΠ४උ σϓϩΠ

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%PDLFS*NBHFपΓͷ࿩ "NB[PO&$4 "QQMJDBUJPO-PBE#BMBODFS 3%4"VSPSB Πϝʔδ࡞੒ΛσϓϩΠ४උͷϑΣʔζͰ΍Γ·͢ɻ "NB[PO$MPVE'SPOU ϑϩϯτΤϯυ όοΫΤϯυ "NB[PO4 ։ൃऀͷϩʔΧϧ ୯ମςετ ݁߹ςετ Ϗϧυ σϓϩΠ४උ σϓϩΠ EPDLFSCVJME EPDLFSUBH EPDLFSQVTI

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%PDLFS*NBHFपΓͷ࿩ Πϝʔδ࡞੒ޙίϯςφΛ؅ཧ͢Δ3FQPTJUPSZʹQVTI͠·͢ɻ ։ൃऀͷϩʔΧϧ ୯ମςετ ݁߹ςετ Ϗϧυ σϓϩΠ४උ σϓϩΠ EPDLFSCVJME EPDLFSUBH EPDLFSQVTI 1SPEVDUJPO؀ڥ %PDLFS3FQPTJUPSZ

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ͦͯ͠"84ͷσϓϩΠͷจ຺΁ ඍົʹݴͬͯΔ͜ͱ͕ҧ͏ "NB[PO&$4 "QQMJDBUJPO-PBE#BMBODFS 3%4"VSPSB "NB[PO$MPVE'SPOU ϑϩϯτΤϯυ όοΫΤϯυ "NB[PO4 σϓϩΠ %PDLFS3FQPTJUPSZ QVTI͞ΕͨΠϝʔδΛ࢖ͬͯ ίϯςφΛ&$4ʹσϓϩΠ͢Δ

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"84ͷσϓϩΠ͸Ͳ͏͢Δͷ͔ ͔͜͜Βઌ͸ผͷճͰ΍Γ·͢ɻ "NB[PO&$4 "QQMJDBUJPO-PBE#BMBODFS 3%4"VSPSB "NB[PO$MPVE'SPOU ϑϩϯτΤϯυ όοΫΤϯυ "NB[PO4 σϓϩΠ %PDLFS3FQPTJUPSZ

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·ͱΊ ܧଓతYYY͸ܧଓతΠϯςάϨʔγϣϯɾσϦόϦʔɾσϓϩΠ͕͋Δ ΞδϟΠϧ։ൃͱεΫϥϜ։ൃ͸ผ΋ͷ ܧଓతYYY͸ΞδϟΠϧ։ൃͷܽ఺ΛຒΊΔͨΊʹ͋Δղܾ๏ Πϯϑϥߏ੒ཁૉͱͯ͠"84ϓϩμΫτ͸཈͓͑ͯ͜͏ ։ൃऀͷσϓϩΠͱ"84υΩϡϝϯτͷσϓϩΠ͸গ͠χϡΞϯε͕ҧ͏