REST 6+4=9の制約 - Speaker Deck

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3&45 ͷ੍໿    ܊ࢁতਔ  https://twitter.com/koriym

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http://www.nextnature.net/2009/12/the-playboy-interview-marshall-mcluhan/ Marshall McLuhan  (1911-1980)

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–ϚʔγϟϧɾϚΫϧʔϋϯ l୭͕ਫΛൃݟͨ͠ͷ͔஌Βͳ͍͕ɺ  ͦΕ͕ڕͰͳ͍͜ͱ͚ͩ͸͔֬ͩz

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https://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/top.htm ΞʔΩςΫνϟελΠϧͱωοτϫʔΫϕʔεͷιϑτ΢ΣΞΞʔΩςΫνϟͷઃܭɻത࢜࿦จɺΧϦϑΥϧχΞେֶΞʔόΠϯߍɺ2000೥

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http://restfulwebapis.com/

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http://roy.gbiv.com/untangled/2008/rest-apis-must-be-hypertext-driven

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•REST API͸ݻఆͷϦιʔε໊΍֊૚Λఆٛͯ͠͸ͳΓ·ͤΜ •Ϧιʔεͷදݱ΍ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯঢ়ଶͷۦಈʹ࢖༻͞ΕΔ ϝσΟΞλΠϓͷఆٛɺ·ͨ͸طଘͷඪ४ϝσΟΞλΠϓʹର ͢Δ֦ுϦϨʔγϣϯ໊΍ϋΠύʔςΩετରԠϚʔΫΞο ϓͷఆٛʹɺͦͷهड़తͳ౒ྗͷ΄ͱΜͲ͢΂ͯΛඅ΍͢ඞ ཁ͕͋Γ·͢

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https://twitter.com/fielding/status/376835835670167552

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https://www.ca.com/content/dam/ca/jp/files/ebook/a-guide-to-rest-and-api-design.pdf

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w ௿͍ࢀೖোน w ֦ுੑ w ෼ࢄϋΠύʔϝσΟΞ w Πϯλʔωοτن໛ 8FCͷ੒ޭཁҼͱͯ͠ͷ  ͭͷॏཁͳ8FCͷΞʔΩςΫνϟͷಛੑ

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௿͍ࢀೖোน w 8FCϒϥ΢βʹϚχϡΞϧ͸ෆཁ w ςΩετΤσΟλͰΦʔαϦϯάՄೳɺઃஔ΋؆୯

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֦ுੑ w มΘΓଓ͚Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɻ w ֦ுੑ͕ͳ͍ͱʁγεςϜ͸Ұ౓͔͠σΟϓϩΠͰ͖ͣɺ৽͍͠ཁ݅ͷͨ ΊʹγεςϜΛ࡞Γ௚͞ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ɻ

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෼ࢄϋΠύʔϝσΟΞ w දݱ΍੍ޚ৘ใ͸ϦϞʔτʹ͋Δɻมߋʹ͸αʔόʔͷೝূ͕ඞཁɻ w ෼ࢄϋΠύʔϝσΟΞͷݪଇɿ w σʔλʹΑͬͯ͋ͳ͕ͨԿΛͰ͖Δ͔ʹ͍ͭͯͷࢦࣔΛड͚औΓʢʮϓϨθϯςʔ γϣϯͱ੍ޚ৘ใʯʣɺͦΕΛσʔλࣗମͱಉ͡Α͏ʹѻ͍·͢ɻαʔό͸ɺͦͷ͢ ΂ͯΛ୲౰͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ w ϦιʔεؒͷϦϯΫʢ҆શͳભҠʣɺϦιʔεঢ়ଶΛมߋʢ҆શͰͳ͍ભҠʣΛड͚औ ΔɻʢγεςϜ͸μΠφϛοΫʹมߋՄೳʣ w ֎෦ʹ࣋ͯ͹ɺαʔόʔͷಈ࡞͕มΘΕ͹ΫϥΞΠϯτ͕յΕқ͘ͳΔɻΫϥΠΞϯτ Λյͣ͞ʹαʔόʔͷಈ࡞Λม͑ΒΕͳ͍ͷͰ͋Ε͹ɺʹ֦ுੑ͕ͳ͍

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Πϯλʔωοτن໛ w ແடংͳεέʔϥϏϦςΟ w ಠཱͨ͠഑උ

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"1*˺8FC w ਓ͕͍ؒͳ͍ηϚϯςΟοΫΪϟοϓͷൃੜ w ࢀೖোนΛ௿͘͢Δ؆୯ͳํ๏͸ɺʮ෼ࢄϋΠύʔϝσΟΞʯಛੑΛࣺͯ ͯɺਓ͕ؒಡΊΔจষͰࣄલʹγεςϜΛهड़͢Δ͜ͱ֦ுੑɺΠϯ λʔωοτεέʔϧͷ૕ࣦ

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"1*˺8FC w ௿͍ࢀೖোน֦ுੑ w શͯͷΫϥΠΞϯτΛҰ౓ʹมߋ͢ΔඞཁɻΠϯλʔωοτن໛͸ͳ͘ͳ Δɻ෼ࢄϋΠύʔϝσΟΞͳ͠ɻʢࣾ಺"1*ʣ w Πϯλʔωοτن໛௿͍ࢀೖোน w ֦ுੑͱ෼ࢄϋΠύʔϝσΟΞΛఘΊΔʢݱࡏͷओྲྀʣ w ֦ுੑͱΠϯλʔωοτن໛ w ෼ࢄϋΠύʔϝσΟΞΛ࢖͍ɺ௿͍ࢀೖোน͸ࣦ͏

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ϑΟʔϧσΟϯά੍໿ ̒ͭͷΞʔΩςΫνϟ੍໿ɹʴɹ̐ͭͷΠϯλʔϑΣΠεͷ੍໿    ʹͷ੍໿ ؚ·ΕΔͨΊ਺͑ํʹΑΔ

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̐ͭͷΠϯλʔϑΣΠεͷ੍໿ w Ϧιʔεͷࣝผ 63* w දݱʹΑΔϦιʔεૢ࡞ w ࣗݾهड़తϝοηʔδ w ϋΠύʔϝσΟΞ੍໿

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ϝιουͷࣄͰ͸ͳ͍ w l౷ҰΠϯλʔϑΣΠεͱ͸৘ใͷૢ࡞ʢऔಘɾ࡞੒ɾߋ৽ɾ࡟আʣ͸౷Ұ ͞Εͨ)551ϝιουʢ(&5ɾ1045ɾ165ɾ%&-&5&ʣͰߦΘΕΔࣄz  ؒҧ͍ w 3&45"1*$36%PWFS)551 w l.PEFM"DUJPOT /PU%BUBz TUPSBHFBTBTFSWJDF w 63*͸͓Խহ w lऴΘΓͳ͖63*ٞ࿦z͸3&45ͱ͸ແؔ܎ 2007 2010

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• ౷ҰΠϯλϑΣʔεɿ ͜ͷ੍໿͸ RESTful API ͷઃܭͷத֩Ͱ͋Γɺ4 ͭͷଆ໘ΛؚΈ·͢ɻ  ◦ཁٻʹΑΔϦιʔεࣝผɿ Ϧιʔε͸ཁٻͰࣝผ͞ΕɺΫϥΠΞϯτʹฦ͞ΕΔදݱͱ͸ผͰ͢ɻ  ◦දݱʹΑΔϦιʔεૢ࡞ɿ ΫϥΠΞϯτ͸ϦιʔεΛදݱ͢ΔϑΝΠϧΛड͚औΓ·͢ɻ͜ΕΒͷදݱ ʹ͸ɺमਖ਼΍࡟আΛՄೳʹ͢Δͷʹे෼ͳ৘ใؚ͕·Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱ͕ඞཁͰ͢ɻ  ◦ࣗݾهड़తϝοηʔδɿ ΫϥΠΞϯτʹฦ͞ΕΔ֤ϝοηʔδʹ͸ɺΫϥΠΞϯτ͕৘ใΛͲͷΑ͏ ʹॲཧ͢΂͖͔Λهड़͢Δे෼ͳ৘ใؚ͕·Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ  ◦ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯঢ়ଶͷΤϯδϯͱͯ͠ͷϋΠύʔϝσΟΞɿ ϦιʔεʹΞΫηεͨ͠ޙɺREST Ϋϥ ΠΞϯτ͸ɺݱࡏར༻Մೳͳଞͷ͢΂ͯͷΞΫγϣϯΛϋΠύʔϦϯΫΛ௨ͯ͡ݟ͚ͭΒΕΔඞཁ͕͋ Γ·͢ɻ  https://www.redhat.com/ja/topics/api/what-are-application-programming-interfaces

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Ϧιʔεͷࣝผ w ඇதԝγεςϜ w Ϧιʔεͷ*%63* w ❎୯Ұͷ63*ʹଟ͘ͷϦιʔεঢ়ଶʢయܕతϨετϥϯαΠτʣ

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දݱʹΑΔϦιʔεૢ࡞ w ϦιʔεදݱՄೳͳԿͰ΋ w දݱͷ࣮ଶ͸όΠτྻzA representation is a sequence of bytes”   ʢ= ωοτϫʔΫͰసૹՄೳʣ w ඪ४Խ͞ΕͨHTTPϝιουʢGETͱPOSTʣͷηοτΛ࢖༻ͯ͠ަޓʹ දݱΛૹ৴͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯϦιʔεΛૢ࡞

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ࣗݾهड़తϝοηʔδ w )551ϝοηʔδ͸ड৴ऀ͕ཧղ͢ΔͨΊʹඞཁͳ͢΂ͯͷ৘ใΛؚΉ w $POUFOU5ZQF΍-JOLϔομɺzϓϩϑΝΠϧz΁ͷࢀর w Ωϟογϡ৘ใ w ࣦഊ w )551)PTUϔομʔ͕ͳ͍ w )551ϦΫΤετ͕෼͔Βͳ͍ 

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w )ZQFSNFEJBBTUIFFOHJOFPGBQQMJDBUJPOTUBUF )"5&0"4 ϓϦέʔγϣϯঢ়ଶ͸ΫϥΠΞϯτଆʹอ࣋͞ΕΔɻΞϓϦέʔγϣϯঢ়ଶΛมߋ͢Δͷ͸Ϋϥ ΠΞϯτͷ੹೚ɻ ΫϥΠΞϯτ͸ɺ)551ϦΫΤετΛߦͬͯϨεϙϯεΛॲཧ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯͷΈɺͦͷΞϓ Ϧέʔγϣϯঢ়ଶΛมߋ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɻ ࣍ͷΞΫγϣϯ͸දݱͷதͷϋΠύʔϝσΟΞίϯτϩʔϧʹ͋Δ ͭ·ΓɺϋΠύʔϝσΟΞίϯτϩʔϧ͸ɺΞϓϦέʔγϣϯঢ়ଶͷมԽͷݪಈྗ ϋΠύʔϝσΟΞ੍໿

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w ΫϥΠΞϯτʗαʔό w εςʔτϨεੑ w Ωϟογϡ w ౷ҰΠϯλϑΣʔεɹ ͭͷΠϯλʔϑΣΠε੍໿ʣ w ֊૚ԽγεςϜ w ίʔυΦϯσϚϯυ ̒ͭͷΞʔΩςΫνϟ੍໿

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https://www.ca.com/content/dam/ca/jp/files/ebook/a-guide-to-rest-and-api-design.pdf

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/6--੍໿ w ੍໿͕ଘࡏͤͣίϯϙʔωϯτΛִͯΔ΋ͷ͕ͳ͍ঢ়ଶ w ̎ͭͷઃܭͷϓϩηε w ίϯϙʔωϯτ͔Βߏஙɺ૑଄ੑͱແݶͷϏδϣϯΛڧௐ w ઃܭۭؒΛ۠ผ੍͠໿Λద༻͢Δɺ཈੍ͱཧղΛڧௐɹ ˡ3&45ʣ

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ΫϥΠΞϯτʗαʔό w 74ΠϕϯτͷϒϩʔυΩϟετͱ๣ड

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εςʔτϨεੑ w ϦΫΤετؒ͸ແؔ܎ w ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯঢ়ଶͷҰ෦͕ͱͯ΋ॏཁͰɺαʔό͕ؾʹ͢Δඞཁ͕͋ Δ৔߹͸ɺͦΕ͸Ϧιʔεঢ়ଶʹͳΔ΂͖ɻʢ63*Λ௥Ճʣ w $PPLJF͸ҧ൓ɹڞ༗Ωϟογϡ͕࢖͑ͳ͘ͳΓɺεέʔϥϏϦςΟ͕௿ Լ͢Δɻ

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Ωϟογϡ w ࣗݾهड़తϝοηʔδ੍໿εςʔτϨε੍໿ w l5IFCFTUBQQMJDBUJPOQFSGPSNBODFJTPCUBJOFECZOPUVTJOHUIF OFUXPSLz

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NBYBHF

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Server (&5CPPL  "DDFQU-BOHVBHF+" + $BDIF$POUSPMFNBYBHF 7BSZ"DDFQU-BOHVBHF (&5CPPL  "DDFQU-BOHVBHF+" ඵ༗ޮ

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Server (&5CPPL  "DDFQU-BOHVBHF+" + $BDIF$POUSPMFNBYBHF 7BSZ"DDFQU-BOHVBHF (&5CPPL  "DDFQU-BOHVBHF&/ & $BDIF$POUSPMFNBYBHF 7BSZ"DDFQU-BOHVBHF

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৚݅෇͖ϦΫΤετ

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Server (&5DBU &5BH (&5DBU  *G/POF.BUDI /PU.PEJpFE

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Server (&5DBU &5BH (&5DBU  *G/POF.BUDI 0,&UBH

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1VCMJD$BDIF

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$ Server (&5DBU (&5DBU $BDIF$POUSPMFQVCMJD   NBYBHF

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Ωϟογϡઃܭ w 55-&5BH w QVCMJD QSJWBUF w OPDBDIFPSOPTUPSF

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౷ҰΠϯλϑΣʔε w ΞυϨεՄೳੑɺදݱΛ௨ͨ͠Ϧιʔεͷૢ࡞ɺࣗݾهड़తϝοηʔ δɺͦͯ͠ϋΠύʔϝσΟΞ੍໿ w ʮେ͖ͳཻ౓ͷϋΠύʔϝσΟΞσʔλసૹʯ໰୊ w ߴ͍ϨΠςϯγͷʮ͓͠Ό΂Γʯ"1*໰୊

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֊૚ԽγεςϜ w )551γεςϜͷதͷίϯϙʔωϯτ w $4ͷଞʹϓϩΩγͱήʔτ΢ΣΠ w ಁ໌ͳૢ࡞

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ίʔυΦϯσϚϯυ w Ϧιʔεͷॲཧͷϊ΢ϋ΢ w ΋͠μ΢ϯϩʔυ͕ඞཁͳݴޠͩͬͨΒʁ֦ுੑͷഁյ w Մࢹੑͷܽ೗ w ϋΠύʔϝσΟΞΛར༻ͨ͠ίʔυ͸յΕʹ͍͘ɻ

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8FCͷ੒ޭཁҼ ௿͍ࢀೖোน WebΛ࢖͏ํ๏ΛֶͿͷ͸؆୯ͰɺWebαΠτΛߏங͢Δͷ΋؆୯Ͱ͢ɻ ֦ுੑ ݸʑͷWebαΠτ͸ɺΫϥΠΞϯτΛյ͢͜ͱͳ͘ɺҰ൩Ͱมߋ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ਺े೥ʹΘ ͨͬͯɺWebͷશମ͸େ෯ʹมߋ͞Ε·͕͢ɺجૅͱͳΔٕज़͸͢΂ͯ͋·ΓมԽ͠·ͤΜɻ ෼ࢄϋΠύʔϝσΟΞ ΫϥΠΞϯτ͕αʔόͷσʔλͰͰ͖Δ͜ͱʹ͍ͭͯͷ৘ใ͸ɺσʔλͱಉ͡৔ॴʹอ࣋͞Εͯɺಉ ͡υΩϡϝϯτͰΫϥΠΞϯτʹૹ৴͞Ε·͢ɻ Πϯλʔωοτن໛ γεςϜͷ෦෼ಉ࢜ʹ௕ظతͳؔ܎͸ͳ͘ɺҟͳΔ෦෼͸ҟͳΔ଎౓ͰมԽͰ͖·͢ɻ http://restfulwebapis.com

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ͭͷΞʔΩςΫνϟ੍໿ ΫϥΠΞϯτʗαʔό Webͷશͯͷ௨৴͸ɺ1ର1Ͱ͢ɻ εςʔτϨε ΫϥΠΞϯτ͕ݱࡏϦΫΤετΛߦ͍ͬͯͳ͍ͱ͖͸ɺαʔό͸ͦͷଘࡏΛ஌Γ·ͤΜɻ Ωϟογϡ ΫϥΠΞϯτ͸Ωϟογϡ͔ΒҎલͷϨεϙϯεΛ࠶ར༻͢Δ͜ͱͰɺωοτϫʔΫ্ͷҠಈΛอଘ͢Δ͜ͱ ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ ֊૚ԽγεςϜ ϓϩΩγͷΑ͏ͳ஥հऀ͸ɺΫϥΠΞϯτͱαʔόͷؒʹݟ͑ͳ͍Α͏ʹૠೖ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ ίʔυΦϯσϚϯυ αʔό͸ɺσʔλʹՃ࣮͑ͯߦՄೳͳίʔυΛૹ৴͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ͜ͷίʔυ͸ɺΫϥΠΞϯτ͕ϦΫ Τετͨ͠ͱ͖ʹࣗಈతʹ഑උ͞ΕɺͦΕ͕มߋ͞Εͨ৔߹͸ࣗಈతʹ࠶഑උ͞Ε·͢ɻ http://restfulwebapis.com

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ͭͷΠϯλϑΣʔε੍໿ Ϧιʔεͷࣝผ ֤Ϧιʔε͸ɺมΘΒͳ͍URIʹΑͬͯࣝผ͞Ε·͢ɻ දݱΛ௨ͨ͠Ϧιʔεͷૢ࡞ αʔό͸ΫϥΠΞϯτʹදݱΛૹ৴͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΓɺϦιʔεঢ়ଶΛઆ໌͠·͢ɻΫϥΠΞϯτ͸αʔό ʹදݱΛૹ৴͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΓɺϦιʔεঢ়ଶΛૢ࡞͠·͢ɻ ࣗݾهड़తϝοηʔδ ϦΫΤετ΍ϨεϙϯεϝοηʔδΛཧղ͢ΔͨΊʹඞཁͳ͢΂ͯͷ৘ใ͸ɺϝοηʔδࣗ਎ʹؚ·Εͯ ͍·͢ʢ͋Δ͍͸ɺগͳ͘ͱ΋ϦϯΫ͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ʣɻ ϋΠύʔϝσΟΞ੍໿ αʔό͸ɺΫϥΠΞϯτ͕ࣗ༝ʹબ୒͢ΔΦϓγϣϯΛؚΉϋΠύʔϝσΟΞʮϝχϡʔʯΛૹ৴͢Δ͜ͱ ʹΑΓɺΫϥΠΞϯτͷঢ়ଶΛૢ࡞͠·͢ɻ http://restfulwebapis.com

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"1*ઃܭઓུ 1.γεςϜ͕࣋ͭͱΑͦ͞͏ͳ͢΂ͯͷΞʔΩςΫνϟͷಛੑΛॻ͖ཹΊ·͢ɻ  2.ͦΕΒͷϓϩύςΟͷதͰຊ౰ʹඞཁͱ͍ͯ͠Δ΋ͷͱɺ٘ਜ਼ʹͯ͠΋Α͍΋ͷΛߟ͑·͢ɻ  3.ຊ౰ʹඞཁͱ͍ͯ͠ΔಛੑΛγεςϜʹ༩͑ΔΑ͏ͳɺΞʔΩςΫνϟ੍໿ͷηοτΛݟ͚ͭ·͢ɻ  4.ͦͷ੍໿Λ۩ݱԽ͢ΔͨΊʹҰॹʹಈ͘ϓϩτίϧͱଞͷඪ४ͷηοτΛઃܭ͠·͢ʢHTTPɺ URIɺHTMLɺJavaScriptʣɻ  5.਺े೥ʹΘͨͬͯɺ໰୊͕໌Β͔ʹͳΔΑ͏ʹɺ2-4ʢHTTP 0.9ɺHTTP 1.0ɺHTTP 1.1ɺ͓Αͼࠓ ޙͷHTTP 2.0ʣΛ܁Γฦ͠·͢ɻ  http://restfulwebapis.com

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Web API͸ɺ৽੍͍͠໿Λಋೖ͠·͢ɻηϚϯςΟοΫΪϟοϓͰ͢ɻࢲͨͪ͸10೥Ҏ্ʹΘͨΔηϚϯςΟοΫΪϟοϓΛத৺ʹ ٞ࿦͠ɺ͍͔ͭ͘ͷϑΟʔϧσΟϯά੍໿͸·ͩॏཁͰ͋Δͱ͍͏߹ҙʹୡͨ͠΋ͷͷɺղܾࡦ͸Ͳ͜ʹ΋ݟ͍͑ͯ·ͤΜɻ͋ͳ ͕ͨ͜ͷٞ࿦ͷͲͪΒଆʹ͍Δ͔Λ͔֬ΊΔʹ͸ɺ͋ͳͨʹͱͬͯ࠷΋ॏཁͳWebͷΞʔΩςΫνϟͷಛੑΛܾఆ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Γ ·͢ɻ  ͦΕ͸௿͍ࢀೖোนɺͭ·Γਓʑ͕αΠτݻ༗ͷτϨʔχϯάͳ͠ʹWebαΠτΛ࢖༻͢Δ͜ͱΛՄೳʹ͢ΔಛੑͰ͔͢ʁ ֦ு ੑɺͭ·ΓWebαΠτ͕ΫϥΠΞϯτΛյ͢͜ͱͳ͘׬શͳ࠶ઃܭʹ଱͑Δ͜ͱΛՄೳʹ͢ΔಛੑͰ͔͢ʁ ͦΕͱ΋Πϯλʔωο τن໛ɺͭ·Γ୭΋͕ࣗ෼ͷ޷͖ͳWebϒϥ΢βΛ࢖༻ͯ͠ɺࣗ෼ͷϖʔεͰΞοϓάϨʔυ͢Δ͜ͱΛՄೳʹ͢ΔಛੑͰ͔͢ʁ  ࢲ͸ɺ௿͍ࢀೖোนΛ٘ਜ਼ʹͯ͠ɺ֦ுੑͱΠϯλʔωοτن໛Λબ୒͠·ͨ͠ɻͦΕ͸ɺ·͞ʹηϚϯςΟοΫΪϟοϓͦΕࣗ ମ͕ࢀೖোนΛൃੜ͍ͤͯ͞Δ͔ΒͰ͢ɻͲΜͳAPIΛ࢖༻͢Δͷ΋ɺಉ౳ͷWebαΠτΑΓࠔ೉Ͱ͢ɻϋΠύʔϝσΟΞϕʔεͷ ઃܭ͸ɺΑΓߴ͍ࢀೖোนΛൃੜͤ͞·͕͢ɺ֦ுੑͱΠϯλʔωοτن໛Λ͋ͳͨʹ༩͑·͢ɻͦΕ͸௕ظతʹෆՄܽͳ΋ͷͰ ͢ɻ  ͦͯ͠ɺ͜Ε͸௕ظతͳϓϩδΣΫτͰ͢ɻࢲͨͪ͸ɺҰൠతͳϋΠύʔϝσΟΞλΠϓ΍ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯηϚϯςΟΫεͷڞ௨ ηοτΛ࢖༻͢Δͱ͍͏ڠఆʹΑͬͯɺΑΓݡ͍ΫϥΠΞϯτϥΠϒϥϦΛ࢖ͬͯࢀೖোนΛԼ͛Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ͔͠͠ɺࢲ ͕֦ͨͪுੑ΍Πϯλʔωοτن໛Λ์غͨ͠ͳΒɺͦΕΒΛऔΓ໭͢͜ͱ͸ܾͯ͠ͳ͍Ͱ͠ΐ͏ɻ http://restfulwebapis.com

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