Everything-as-code. A polyglot adventure. M.-Leander Reimer QAware GmbH 

#whoami Mario-Leander Reimer Chief Technologist, QAware GmbH - Senior Developer && Architect - #CloudNativeNerd - Open Source Enthusiast [email protected] http://github.com/lreimer http://speakerdeck.com/lreimer 

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Which programming language do real developers use? 

My #FirstSevenLanguages • Pascal • Basic • C / C++ • Assembler • PHP • Java • C# 

My #LastSevenLanguages • Java • Groovy • TypeScript • Ruby • Kotlin • Scala • Go 

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There is no unanimous opinion ... • http://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/software/ the-2015-top-ten-programming-languages • http://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/software/ the-2016-top-programming-languages • http://redmonk.com/sogrady/2017/06/08/language- rankings-6-17/ • https://jaxenter.de/programmiersprachen- rankings-q1-2017-54308 

There is no best programming language! Every language is strong in a specific domain. 

We are software craftsmen. The IDE is our workbench. 

Definition of Software Industrialization • This has nothing to do with cheap labor! • Automation of repetitive and laborious tasks • Better software quality through a standardized and streamlined tool chain • A well integrated tool chain leads to a higher productivity and happiness of your team • Better cost efficiency and competitiveness 

Software Industrialization is a key requirement for DevOps and Continuous Delivery. 

val softwareIndustrialization = everythingAsCode() open fun everythingAsCode() = everythingIsMadeFromCode() && everythingIsMadeByCode() private fun everythingIsMadeFromCode() = true private fun everythingIsMadeByCode() = true 

The Quest for an ideal project archetype • Which languages are used for the specific domains in our projects? • Which tools are used for Setup, Build, Code, Test, CI, Infrastructure, Documentation? • What are the the dos and don'ts of using a specific language or technology? + some Wishful Greenfield Thinking! 

So the polyglot adventure begins. 

SEU-as-code 

Lightweight Developer Provisioning • [ SEU ] German acronym; Software Entwicklungs-Umgebung • Use a build tool for the automated creation and update of a software development environment • Software packages are expressed as dependencies • Gradle tasks and Groovy are used instead of shell scripting • The SEU definition is version controlled just like ordinary source code • Available open source at http://seu-as-code.io 

plugins { id 'de.qaware.seu.as.code.base' version '2.4.0' } import static de.qaware.seu.as.code.plugins.base.Platform.isMac seuAsCode { seuHome = { if (isMac()) '/Volumes/Everything-as-code' else 'Y:' } projectName = 'Everything-as-code' } dependencies { // list of software dependencies ... software 'org.groovy-lang:groovy:2.4.7' software 'org.scala-lang:scala:2.11.8' software 'org.jruby:jruby:9.1.4.0' } 

Build-as-code 

Maven is good. Gradle is 100x faster. • Very flexible. Gradle can build everything. • Polyglot builds are supported easily. • Succinct build scripts. Default conventions over configuration. • Incremental builds, reduced build times. • New features: Kotlin build scripts, Composite Builds, Parallel Downloads, ... • Frequent releases. Mature and stable. 

apply plugin: 'application' apply plugin: 'war' apply plugin: 'kotlin' apply plugin: 'groovy' repositories { jcenter() } dependencies { providedCompile 'fish.payara.extras:payara-micro:4.1.1.164' // and many more ... } task everythingAsCode() << { println 'Everything-as-code with Gradle @ DevoxxPL 2017.' } 

Main-as-code 

There is nothing wrong with Java as primary language! 

But Kotlin is a serious alternative worth considering as primary language. 

But why Kotlin? And not Scala, Clojure, et.al. • Easy to learn for Java developers. • Well-balanced universal language. • Inbuilt Null safety & Syntactic sugar & Excellent interoperability. • JDK6 compatible. Small library size. • Good IDE and tool support. 

@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true) data class Book(val title: String, val isbn: String, val author: String) @ApplicationScoped open class Bookshelf { private val books = listOf(Book("The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", "0345391802")) open fun byIsbn(isbn: String): Book? = books.find { it.isbn == isbn } } @Path("books") @Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) open class BookResource @Inject constructor(private val bookshelf: Bookshelf) { @GET @Path("/{isbn}") open fun byIsbn(@PathParam("isbn") isbn: String): Response { val book = bookshelf.byIsbn(isbn) return if (book != null) Response.ok(book).build() else Response.status(Status.NOT_FOUND).build() } } @ApplicationPath("api") class BookstoreAPI : Application() { override fun getClasses() = hashSetOf(JacksonFeature::class.java, BookResource::class.java) } 

Frontend-as-code 

Welcome to JavaScript wonderland. • A strange universe on its own! • Clear trend towards Single Page Web Applications • Some fancy JavaScript UI framework. • HTML5 + CSS3 + ? • ? = TypeScript or • ? = ECMAScript2015 + Babel • Build Backbone: node + npm + webpack 

Test-as-code 

Groovy and Spock for Unit & Integration Tests class BookshelfSpec extends Specification { @Subject def bookshelf = new Bookshelf() @Unroll def "Find book #title by ISBN #isbn"() { when: 'we search a book by ISBN' def book = bookshelf.byIsbn(isbn) then: 'the title and author are correct' book?.title == title book?.author == author where: isbn || title | author "0345391802" || "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" | "Douglas Adams" "0345391829" || "Life, the Universe and Everything" | "Douglas Adams" } } 

Scala and Gatling for Load Testing class BooksPerformanceTest extends Simulation { val conf = http.baseURL("http://localhost:18080").acceptHeader("application/json") val feeder = csv("books.csv").random val scn = scenario("Book Search") .exec(http("Get all books").get("/api/books")) .during(30 seconds) { feed(feeder) .exec(http("Get book by title ${Title}").get("/api/books?title=${Title}")) .pause(1 second) .exec(http("Get book with ISBN ${ISBN}").get("/api/books/${ISBN}")) } setUp(scn.inject(atOnceUsers(10), rampUsers(50) over (30 seconds))) .assertions(global.responseTime.max.lessThan(5000)) .protocols(conf) } 

Pipeline-as-code 

Build Pipeline Definition via Jenkinsfile #!/usr/bin/env groovy node { stage 'Checkout SCM' checkout scm stage 'Build/Analyse/Test' sh './gradlew clean build' archiveUnitTestResults() archiveDistributions() stage 'Dockerize' sh './gradlew buildDockerImage' stage 'Generate Documentation' sh './gradlew asciidoctor' } 

Infrastructure-as-code 

Docker, Docker, Docker, ... FROM qaware-oss-docker-registry.bintray.io/base/alpine-k8s-openjdk8:8u121 MAINTAINER M.-Leander Reimer RUN mkdir -p /app ADD build/distributions/everything-as-code-1.2.1.tar /app WORKDIR /app/everything-as-code-1.2.1 RUN chmod 755 bin/everything-as-code EXPOSE 18080 CMD ./bin/everything-as-code 

Vagrant and Ruby for local VM setup require 'yaml' $setup = <

Provisioning with Ansible (and Python) --- # file: jenkinsci.yml - hosts: jenkinsci remote_user: root tasks: - debug: msg="Creating a Jenkins pipeline job on {{ inventory_hostname }}" - jenkins_job: name: Everything-as-code Pipeline config: "{{ lookup('file', 'templates/pipeline-job.xml') }}" url: "http://{{ inventory_hostname }}" user: admin password: admin 

Cluster Orchestration with Kubernetes --- apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: everything-as-code spec: replicas: 3 template: metadata: labels: tier: backend spec: containers: - name: everything-as-code image: "qaware-oss-docker-registry.bintray.io/lreimer/everything-as-code:1.2.1" ports: - containerPort: 18080 env: - name: PORT value: 18080 

Documentation-as-code 

Yes, we need documentation! • And no, the source code is not enough. • Writing technical docs with Word is ! " # • Documentation should be located next to the source code: change code, change docs. • It should be easy, quick and fun to write. • Support for code, images, UML diagrams, ... 

// Beispiel Architektur-Dokumentation mit arc42 (https://arc42.github.io) :imagesdir: ./images = image:qaware-logo.png[QAware GmbH,2016] Everything-as-code :toc-title: Table of Contents :toc: [[section-introduction-and-goals]] == Introduction and Goals The introduction to the architecture documentation should list the driving forces that software architects must consider in their decisions. === Requirements Overview === Quality Goals === Stakeholders <<<< include::02_architecture_constraints.adoc[] // further includes for the remaining sections 

AsciidoctorJ and Gradle to the Rescue plugins { id "org.asciidoctor.convert" version "1.5.3" } asciidoctorj { version = '1.5.4.1' } asciidoctor { sourceDir 'src/docs/architecture' resources { from('src/docs/architecture') { include 'images/**/*.png' include 'images/**/*.jpg' } } backends 'html5' options doctype: 'article' attributes 'source-highlighter': 'coderay' } 

Architecture-as-code 

Architecture documentation using Structurizr def workspace = new Workspace("Everything-as-code", "The system context of Everything-as-code.") def model = workspace.model // create a model and the software system we want to describe def bookApp = model.addSoftwareSystem("Book Application", "The best source to get info on books.") // create the various types of people (roles) that use the software system def anonymousUser = model.addPerson("Anonymous User", "Anybody on the web.") anonymousUser.uses(bookApp, "Searches for books and views details.") def browser = bookApp.addContainer("Web Browser", "Allows users to view information about books", "Edge, Chrome, Firefox") anonymousUser.uses(browser, "Views information from and makes requests to") def webApp = bookApp.addContainer("Web Application", "Hosts the browser-based web application and services", "Payara Fish") browser.uses(webApp, "uses [JSON/HTTPS]") 

Architecture validation using QAvalidator architecture(name: "Mail Example", prefix: "tview", reflexMLversion: "1.0") { excludes "java.lang.*" api "JavaMail" : "javax.mail.*" component "Mail" { api "IMail" : "de.qaware.mail.*" impl ["de.qaware.mail.impl.*", "de.qaware.mail.impl2.*"] uses "JavaMail" component "MailSender" { api ["de.qaware.mail.sender.*", "javax.mail.*"] impl "de.qaware.mail.impl.javamail.JavaMailSender" uses "JavaMail" } } } 

Presentation-as-code 

These slides were written in Markdown. --- ## [fit] These slides were written in Markdown. - This is for real programmers! :smiley: - Several open source projects available - Use HTML and JavaScript alternatively. --- 

State of the art software projects are polyglot. 

Use the right tool for the job! 

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Use common sense! The right language and tool depends on your team, the project context and your customer. 

Fork me on GitHub. https://github.com/lreimer/everything-as-code 

Please vote for this ! talk. 

Thanks! Questions?