ITALY 

2 INDEX Umbria: our region pag. 3 Lugnano: our village pag. 4 Rome pag. 6 Other important cities pag. 8 Famous Italian people: past and present pag. 11 Some of our favourite Italian recipes pag. 13 Italian celebrations and traditions pag. 16 

3 UMBRIA: OUR REGION Umbria is considered the green heart of Italy. It has a population of 1,000,000 inhabitants and an area of 8,500 square kilometers. It is bordered to the east by the region Marche and to the northwest and southwest by the region Tuscany and Lazio. In Umbria there are two provinces Terni and Perugia. The capital city of Umbria is Perugia and it is a beautiful city. Among the most important monuments of Perugia there are the fountain, the Cathedral and the Etruscan Arch. The Etruscan Arch The Fountain The Cathedral Terni is a city with more than 100,000 inhabitants. Amongst the most important places in this town there are: the Church of St. Francis the Cathedral and the fountain. 

4 LUGNANO: OUR VILLAGE In this picture, you can see “Bufalari Palace”. It was built in 19th century. There is a big gate and in the courtyard there are two vases made of terracotta (clay). This is the church of “Santa Maria Assunta” in Lugnano in Teverina, known as Collegiata. It's a very old church, it has got decorated capitals, a central rose and four columns. This is a capital of the church “Santa Maria Assunta”. The church is of Romanesque style and this capital is in the ionic style. This church is very high. It is made of marble and it is covered with mosaics. The main altar is in the centre. There are a lot of columns and benches. It was built between 11th and 12th century. In this photo you can see the entrance to the city council of Lugnano in Teverina. Here the mayor and the employees work for the citizens. In this photo there is a statue. Near it there is a barrack; there are benches and trees. The war memorial is a symbol for the small village of Lugnano and it is located in a small square. In a plaque on the monument you can 

5 see all the names of the soldiers who died at war. Every year on November 4th we remember all the soldiers in a ceremony and the town band plays. Children act poems and the few survivors celebrate this day with emotion. This is a typical street of Lugnano in Teverina. This village has got a lot of narrow streets and steep steps. Here you can see old houses. From the viewpoint in Lugnano you can see the castle of Alviano, houses, hills and trees. 

6 Rome Rome is a city of 2,786,034 inhabitants, it is the capital city of Italy and the capital city of the region Lazio. It is considered the capital of two states Italy and the Vatican. St. Peter's Basilica is the largest churches in Rome, and it is often described as the largest church in the world and the center of Catholicism. The Colosseum, originally known as the Flavian Amphitheatre is the most famous Roman amphitheater, and it is located in the city center of Rome. 

7 The Pantheon ("Temple of all the gods") is a building of ancient Rome, built as a temple dedicated to the gods of Olympus. Castel Sant'Angelo, also known as the Mausoleum of Hadrian, is a monument in Rome, linked to the State of the Vatican through a fortified corridor of "small step". The Imperial Fora consist of a series of monumental buildings built between 46 BC and 113 AD in the heart of the city of Rome by the emperors. 

8 OTHER IMPORTANT CITIES MILAN Milan is a very important city in the North of Italy and it is the capital city of Lombardia. This is the Cathedral of Milan and it is dedicated to “Santa Maria Nascente”. The Cathedral of Milan has become the symbol of the city. This the theatre “La Scala” and it is considered one of the most perfect theaters in the world. It contains a total of 2,200 people, including 678 members of the band. FLORENCE Florence is the capital city of Tuscany, it is the birthplace of the REINASSANCE and it is important for the cathedral, the UFFIZZI Art Gallery and many other museums and monuments. This is “Ponte Vecchio” 

9 PISA Pisa is in Tuscany too and it is known thanks to the Leaning Tower and the Cathedral. VENICE Venice is a city in the North-East of Italy and it is in Veneto. Piazza San Marco” is the main public square of Venice. This is the patriarchal Cathedral of Saint Mark and it was built in Byzantine style. 

10 PALERMO Palermo is the capital city of Sicily in the South of Italy. This is Palace of the Normans, one of the most important tourist attractions in this city. CAGLIARI Cagliari is the capital city of Sardinia. This is the castle of San Michele that is a fortified building dating back to 12th century and it stands on the hill of Cagliari. NAPLES Naples is a city in the South of Italy, it has many historic buildings and it is located on the coast. It is a beautiful city and one of its important monuments is “MASCHIO ANGIOINO”. 

11 FAMOUS ITALIAN PEOPLE: PAST AND PRESENT Cesare Borgia, was a famous Italian nobleman and politician and he also inspired Machiavelli when he wrote “The Prince”. Cesare Borgia was born in Rome on September 13th 1475 and died in 1507. His name was Dante Alighieri. He was born 29th May 1265 in Firenze. He is a famous Italian writer. He is famous because he wrote “Divina Commedia”. He died 23rd September 1321 in Ravenna. Piero della Francesca was born in 1416 in Borgo Sansepolcro and he died on October 12th 1492. He's a famous painter of the Italian Renassaince. Among the most important works there are: “Madonna col bambino” and "Madonna della Misericordia”. Caravaggio was born in Milan 19th September 1571 and died 18th July 1610. Caravaggio was an Italian painter. He was famous for his beautiful paintings. His name was Vittorio Emanuele II. He was born 14th March 1820 in Torino . He is famous because he was the king of Italy when it became one nation. He died 9th January 1878 in Rome. 

12 Luciano Ligabue was born in 1960 in Correggio and is now a famous singer. He became famous when in 1986 with some friends he founded the musical group named Orazero which took its name from the song with which in 1987 became part of the regional and national competitions. My favorite song is "Certe Notti". Among his most famous songs there are :"Piccola stella senza cielo", "Non è tempo per noi", "Caro il mio Francesco" The Pooh is a famous Italian band who composed many beautiful songs. The members of the group are:Roby Facchinetti,Red Canzian and Dodi Battaglia. Their most beautiful songs are: “Pensiero”, “Piccola Katy” and many others. Rita Levi Montalcini was born 22nd April 1909 and died 30th December 2012. She was an Italian neurologist who, together with Stanley Cohen, received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery of nerve growth factor (NGF) in 1986. From 2001 until her death she also served in the Italian Senate as a Senator for Life. Rita Levi-Montalcini had been the oldest living Nobel laureate and the first ever to reach a 100th birthday. On 22 April 2009, she was feted with a 100th birthday party at Rome's city hall. Jovanotti was born in Rome on September 27th 1966. It is a famius singer, especially because he was introduced Rap Music in Italy. His most famous songs are : “A te, Baciami ancora, Per te, Fango “ and many Others. 

13 SOME OF OUR ITALIAN FAVOURITE RECIPES OMELETTE WITH ASPARAGUS Ingredients :120 gr of asparagus, eggs, salt, pepper Preparation: beat the eggs with the salt and the pepper. Oil the frying pan, put it on the fire and pour in the eggs. Mix well. Put to the center the asparagus, previously boiled and continue the cooking up to when the omelette becomes of the color gold. Fold up it in two and serve it. POLENTA WITH SAUSAGES AND GRAVY Ingredients: To prepare the sauce 150 g of sausage, 1 tablespoon extra virgin olive oil, 1 spring of rosemary, salt, pepper, 1 scallion, half a glass of dry white wine, 250 ml of tomato sauce. To prepare the polenta 500 ml of water, 125 g of corn flour for polenta quick cooking, salt, 1 tablespoon extra virgin olive oil, 25 g of grated Parmesan cheese, plus some flakes to decorate. Preparation : crumble the sausage removing the gut where it is bagged. Wash the rosemary, select the leaves and chop finely with the crescent on a cutting board. Clean the shallots and chop finely. Put in a pan the oil, chopped scallion and put it on the fire. Brown the shallots gently, then raise the heat and add the sausage, a teaspoon of chopped rosemary, grated pepper and let it color evenly over medium heat. Add the wine to the pan. Add the tomato sauce and let cook for 20 minutes. When the sauce is ready to prepare the polenta boil a large pot with water, checking the exact proportion on the packaging of the type of flour used. Add a teaspoon of salt, a tablespoon of extra virgin olive oil and pour in the flour, stirring constantly with a whisk to prevent lumps. Cook stirring constantly over medium heat for the time indicated for the type of meal chosen. Towards the end of cooking time, add the cheese. When the polenta is ready divide it between two plates, flatten with a spoon and place in the center of each portion some sauce. Sprinkle with Parmesan cheese and serve immediately. BREAD WITH MUST Ingreditens: 1 kg of flour, 1 kg of margarine, 100 gr of sugar, 50 grams of raisins, aniseed, walnuts or pine nuts, 2 cubes of yeast. Preparation: melt the yeast in warm grape juice. Mix all the ingredients and add the yeast. Let it grow for some hours. Divide the dough into 4 pieces in a Frech leaf shape or in buns shape. Bake at 180° for 40-45 minutes. 

14 EGGPLANT PARMIGIANA Ingredients (4 servings): 2 eggplants, salt 50 gr, 2 whole eggs, 100 gr flour, oil for frying, 1 mozzarella, 250 ml sauce of tomatoes, grated Parmesan cheese. Preparation: 1 - Peel and slice the eggplant, sprinkle with salt put them in a colander with a weight on top so that all the water is removed. After thirty minutes wash and squeeze the slices of eggplant. 2 - Beat the eggs with a little salt. Take the slices of eggplant, dip first in flour and then in the egg and fry. 3 - Take a baking pan, make layers starting with the sauce, then eggplant, parmesan cheese, mozzarella cheese, cut into cubes, gravy and so on. Bake in the oven already warm for 20 minutes. When the sauce has narrowed the dish is ready. MATTONE Ingredients: 200 g. of butter, 300 g.of icing sugar, 4 eggs, a packet of biscuits (1/2kg, best gold Saiwa), coffee, cocoa powder. Prepration: soften the butter and knead together the egg yolks and icing sugar so that you have a smooth cream. Add the egg whites and make sure the mixture is well compacted. Make coffee and pour it into a bowl. Wet the biscuits into the cofee and place them on a baking tra. Put a layer of cookies, cream and cocoa. Continue for 3 layers. Cover the cake with cocoa poweder or peanuts crumble and … enjoy the cake! SWEET PASTA Ingredients: 500 gr of tagliatelle, 200 gr of walnuts and hazelnuts, cocoa powder, sugar, dark chocolate, grated orange peel. Preparation: The day before… Ground hazelnuts and walnuts. Add sugar, cocoa, dark chocolate and orange peel and mix. The day after… Boil the pasta and put it in layers then pour the sauce on it and it is ready to eat. CAT’S TOUNGES Ingreditens: 4 egg whites, 120 gr of sugar, 150 gr of flour, 1 teaspoon of vanilla, 1 packet of baking powerber, a pinch of salt Preparation: put all the ingredients in a bowl and mix. When the dough is smooth cut the biscuits in tougues shape. Bake in a preheated oven at 160 degrees for 15 minutes. Let the biscuits cool down and serve with some ice-cream. 

15 LASAGNA Ingredients: 600 grams of tortiglioni, 1200 ml of tomato sauce, 1 kg of ground beef, 500 grams of mozzarella, 100 gr of parmesan cheese, 2 eggs, 2 slices of bread, salt, pepper, oil. Preparation time: 1 hour and 20 min Cooking time: 40 min Total time: 2 hours Preparation: Prepare the meat sauce by frying in hot oil 700 grams of ground pork. Then add the tomato sauce, salt and cook with a lid for at least 1 hour. Prepare the meat balls with the remaining mince. Soak the bread in water. In a bowl mix together 300 grams of minced meat with 1 egg, 20 g pamigiano, the squeezed bread crumbs, salt and pepper. Knead to form a homogeneous mixture. With wet hands form very small balls. Fry the meatballs in olive oil. Arrange the meatballs on paper towels and keep aside. Cook the pasta “al dente” and drain, it will end its baking with all the other ingredients. In a large bowl put half of the sauce, 3/4 of mozzarella cheese, 3/4 of the Parmesan cheese and mix. Finally, add the meatballs. Place a layer of meat sauce on the pan before pouring pasta inside. Cover the pasta with the remaining sauce and sprinkle with the remaining mozzarella and Parmesan Pour beaten egg onto the trays of pasta and bake at 180 degrees for 40 minutes. Keep the lasagna out of the oven for a few minutes before cutting into slices and serve. TART WHIT CUSTARD AND NUTELLA Ingredients for the tart: 160g of flour, 65g of sugar, 50g of butter, 1 egg, 1 pinch of salt, 1 packet of baking powder. Custard: 2 eggs, 4 tablespoons of sugar, 2 tablespoons of flour, 2 glasses of milk, 1 packet of vanilla. Preparation: mix the sugar and the eggs then add the flour and finally the melted butter. You mix and you get the mixture. You wait five minutes and then stretch the dough and you get the tart. Put the nutella first and over it the cream, which is then placed in the oven. 

16 ITALIAN CELEBRATIONS AND TRADITIONS CHRISTMAS Christmas is celebrated on 25th December. In Italy we usually make the nativity scene that represents the birth of Jesus and we decorate the Christmas tree with many colored lights and balls. Then the children receive presents from Santa Claus and the adults exchange gifts. The whole family eats together for the Christmas lunch. We usually eat panettone, pandoro, torrone and panpepato. this is pandoro! this is panettone! this is torrone! this is panpepato! 

17 THE EPIFHANY Epiphany is celebrated on January 6th. Not in all Christian countries January 6th is recognized as a holiday. In Italy the traditional symbol of this holiday is a good witch who brings gifts going from house to house with her magical broom. For Catholics this is the day when the Three Wise Men bring to Jesus the gifts .The witch brings sweets and gifts to children who have been good and coal to children who have been bad, she puts all these things in the stockings people hung on the fireplace. CARNIVAL Carnival is a festive season which occurs immediately before Lent, the main events are usually during February. At Carnival there are public celebrations and parades in the streets. People put on masks and dress up with colorful funny clothes. 

18 EASTER Easter is a relogious holiday and it celebrates the Resurrection of Christ. The week before Easter is called the Holy week and there are religious celebrations all over Italy. The Monday after Easter in called Easter Monday and we usually go out with friends and relatives for a pic-nic. For Easter we exchange chocolate eggs with a surprise inside. FERRAGOSTO (15TH AUGUST) We usually celebrate this day with a picnic at the seaside, or on the mountains and at nights we see fireworks display on the beach or on the top of a hill. The word “ferragosto” comes from Latin and it means “holiday in honour of the Emperor Augustus”. 

19 E-twinning team “Let’s become tourist guides” e-twinning project 2012-2013 Students: Danilo Coralloni Irene Fantauzzi Letizia Fantauzzi Giorgia Ruco Patrik Piergiovanni Leonardo Tessicini Ilaria Sensi Erica Snsini Lorenzo Gasperoni Edoardo Santacroce Nicolas Rodrigeuz Francesco Pinguino Ilenia Martino Filippo Santi Giammarco Trenta Andrei Leonte Leonardo Granca Sara Piva Amedeo Sisti Jacopo Sisti Luca Agabiti Emily Mikos Azzurra Quintarelli Alessio Prosperi Dimitri Pimpolari Lorenzo Fantauzzi Filippo Santacroce Teacher: Chiara Sabatini