Modern PHP (PHP 5.5 Web Summit)

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Modern PHP Ben Ramsey

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My PHP Story

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Old-school PHP

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.php3 .php4

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The Advent of PHP 5

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• Brand new object model • Standard PHP library, incl. iterators • Type hinting • Exceptions • SimpleXML & DOM • PDO PHP 5 Features

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• Passed by reference • Class constants • Static methods/properties • Visibility • Abstract classes & interfaces • Magic methods • __autoload() PHP 5 Object Model

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• Rewrite of date handling code, with improved timezone support. • Signiﬁcant performance improvements compared to PHP 5.0.X. • PDO extension is now enabled by default. • And more... More changes in 5.1

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• New memory manager • Input ﬁltering extension added • JSON extension was added • Hooks for tracking ﬁle upload progress were introduced • Introduced DateTime and DateTimeZone objects • And more... More still in 5.2

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• Support for namespaces • Late static binding • Lambda Functions and Closures • Syntax additions: NOWDOC, ternary short cut "?:" and goto, __callStatic() • Optional garbage collection • Optional mysqlnd PHP native driver • And more... Tons more in 5.3

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• Traits, shortened array syntax • Improved performance and reduced memory consumption • Built-in webserver in CLI mode • Register globals, magic quotes, and safe mode were removed • And more... Keeping up the pace in 5.4

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• Generators and coroutines • The ﬁnally keyword • Simpliﬁed password hashing API • Non-scalar Iterator keys in foreach • list() constructs in foreach statements • Zend OPcache extension • And more... And more in 5.5

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Modern PHP development isn’t as much about changes in the language as it is about changes in how we build software with PHP.

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The changes in the language support the ability to build software in new ways with new tools.

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OOP & Design Patterns

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• Dynamic dispatch • Encapsulation • Polymorphism • Inheritance • Open recursion • Abstraction • Classes, instances, methods... Features of OOP

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• Singleton • Factory • Decorator • Iterator • Adapter • Front Controller Design Patterns

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• Mastering Object Oriented PHP by Brandon Savage masteringobjectorientedphp.com • php|architect’s Guide to PHP Design Patterns by Jason Sweat www.phparch.com/books/phparchitects-guide-to-php-design-patterns • Learning PHP Design Patterns by William Sanders www.php5dp.com OOP & Design Pattern Reading

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Security

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• Cross-site scripting • SQL injection • Cross-site request forgery • Session hijacking • Session ﬁxation Attacks

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Filter input

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Escape output

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• Introduced in PHP 5.2 • Provides validation and sanitization • Selected functions: • filter_input() • filter_var() • filter_input_array() • filter_var_array() PHP’s Data Filter Extension

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Frameworks do much of this for us, now. But we need to be diligent and learn and understand the principles.

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• Essential PHP Security by Chris Shiﬂett phpsecurity.org • Websec.io • Anthony Ferrara’s blog blog.ircmaxell.com Security Reading

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Version Control

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FTP

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Dreamweaver MX

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CVS

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Subversion

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Git Mercurial Bazaar

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You have no excuse. Just use GitHub or BitBucket.

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Autoloading Practices

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• Prior to PHP 5, we had to include/ require every single class ﬁle we wanted to have available • PHP 5 introduced __autoload() • This has signiﬁcantly changed the way we build applications Autoloading

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Death of the Page Controller

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Page Controller - Handle HTTP request - Update model and decide view Model Domain Logic View Generate HTML

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Web Server (Dispatch) index.php page1.php page2.php page3.php include.php

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web_root/ ├── classes/ ├── config.php ├── css/ ├── include.php ├── index.php ├── javascript/ └── page1.php

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Autoloading and design patterns paved the way to better code structure...

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Frameworks

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Frameworks have ushered in a new era of constructing software.

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• Agavi • CakePHP • CodeIgniter • Joomla • Kohana • Laravel • Lithium • Symfony • Zend Framework • and more!

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Not only have they made building software easier and faster, but they have created new communities, workﬂows, and toolsets.

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Framework Interoperability Group

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PHP-FIG

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• PSR-0: Autoloading standard • PSR-1: Basic coding standard • PSR-2: Coding style guide • PSR-3: Logger interface

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Coding Standards

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Tests

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• Unit tests • Functional tests • TDD • BDD • Continuous integration • Code coverage New terms in the PHP lexicon

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• PHPUnit • SimpleTest • Behat • Codeception Testing Frameworks

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• The Grumpy Programmer's Guide To Building Testable PHP Applications by Chris Hartjes grumpy-testing.com • The Grumpy Programmer’s PHPUnit Cookbook by Chris Hartjes grumpy-phpunit.com Testing Reading

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Integration and Coupling

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APIs & Libraries

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Composer

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PEAR?

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PHP is not only PHP

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• Vagrant • VirtualBox • The cloud (AWS, Rackspace, etc.) • PaaS (EngineYard, PagodaBox, AppFog, etc.) • Web servers (Apache, Nginx, etc.) • Databases (MySQL, MongoDB, etc.) • Queuing (Gearman, RabbitMQ, SQS, etc.)

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JavaScript & HTML5

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The Future of PHP

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PHP needs you.

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The Future of the PHP Community

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User groups

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Community conferences

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The PHP community needs you.

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Ben Ramsey benramsey.com @ramsey joind.in/9290 Thank you Check out... PHP: The Right Way - phptherightway.com

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Modern PHP Copyright © Ben Ramsey. Some rights reserved. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported. For uses not covered under this license, please contact the author. Ramsey, Ben. “Modern PHP.” PHP 5.5 Web Summit. PHP Architect. Web. 17 Sep. 2013. Conference Presentation.

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Photo Credits 1. “Work in progress” by Loïc Doubinine, http://www.flickr.com/photos/ztec/9204770134/ 2. “Ben Ramsey” by Sebastian Bergmann, http://www.flickr.com/photos/sebastian_bergmann/286847543 3. “PHPers out to do Amsterdam” by Aaron Wormus, http://www.flickr.com/photos/aaron/200158232 4. “Part of the PHP Core Team” by Arnaud Limbourg, http://www.flickr.com/photos/arnaudlimbourg/5164654691 5. Untitled by Jeremy Kendall, http://www.flickr.com/photos/jeremykendall/9088961213/ 6. “ElePHPants escaping from big giant mug” by Loïc Doubinine, http://www.flickr.com/photos/ztec/9184943239/

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Photo Credits 7. “Elephpants at the pavilion” by Derick Rethans, http://www.flickr.com/photos/derickrethans/6208407534 8. “Two elePHPant parked” by Loïc Doubinine, http://www.flickr.com/photos/ztec/9187378656/ 9. “Elephpants in a row” by Rob Allen, http://www.flickr.com/photos/akrabat/8128252662 10. Untitled by Eli White, http://www.flickr.com/photos/eliw/8805534617/ 11. “elePHPant” by Anna Filina, http://www.flickr.com/photos/afilina/3308579171 12. “elePHPants walking through the light” by Jakob Westoff, http://www.flickr.com/photos/jakobwesthoff/3213917240

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Photo Credits 13. Untitled by Terry Chay, http://www.flickr.com/photos/tychay/1382823666 14. “Chris practices being grumpy” by Rob Allen, http://www.flickr.com/photos/akrabat/8421560178 15. “Elephpant alliance” by Michelangelo van Dam, http://www.flickr.com/photos/dragonbe/3411273755 16. “Read a lot” by Martin Hassman, http://www.flickr.com/photos/hassmanm/4754428088 17. “elePHPant” by Drew McLellan, http://www.flickr.com/photos/drewm/3191872515 18. Untitled by Eli White, http://www.flickr.com/photos/eliw/8806095443