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BAD
AIN’T
YOU’RE JUST DOING IT WRONG…
CUCUMBER
Attila Domokos
@adomokos
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7:20 AM Leaving the House
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7:30 AM Train Kept a Rollin’
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7:40 AM On the Train
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8:20 AM Walking to the Office
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No content
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OUR PRODUCT TEAM
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CFP APP Your Profile
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BDD Workflow
Unit Test
Acceptance Test
red
green
refactor
red
green
refactor
start
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FIT (Framework for Integrated Tests)
Basic Employee Compensation
For each week, hourly employees are paid a standard wage per hour
for the first 40 hours worked, 1.5 times their wage for each hour
after the first 40 hours, and 2 times their wage for each hour
worked on Sundays and holidays.
Here are some examples of this:
Payroll.Fixtures.WeeklyCompensation
StandardHours HolidayHours Wage Pay()
40 0 20 $800
45 0 20 $950
48 8 20
$1360 expected
——————
$1040 actual
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RSPEC Documentation
$: bin/rspec spec/features/proposal_spec.rb -fd
Proposals
when submitting
with an existing bio
shows the user's bio in the bio field
with pitch and details
submits successfully
does not create an empty comment
shows the proposal on the user's proposals list
when editing
user edits their proposal
when commenting
user comments on their proposal
does not show the speaker's name
when confirming
when the proposal has not yet been confirmed
marks the proposal as confirmed
redirects the user to the proposal page
…
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GHERKIN Syntax
Feature: A user can log on
Scenario: User can log on to the site
Given I am a user with login access
When I log in
Then I should be logged in
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CUCUMBER Components
Gherkin
Application
Cucumber
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CUCUMBER Components
Feature files with scenarios
Gherkin
Application
Cucumber
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CUCUMBER Components
Feature files with scenarios
Step definitions and automation
Gherkin
Application
Cucumber
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CUCUMBER Components
Feature files with scenarios
Step definitions and automation
Application under test
Gherkin
Application
Cucumber
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YOU MIGHT BE DOING IT WRONG
CUCUMBER AIN’T BAD.
GHERKIN
BEST
PRACTICES
CUCUMBER
STEP
DEFINITION
RECIPES
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YOU MIGHT BE DOING IT WRONG
CUCUMBER AIN’T BAD.
GHERKIN
BEST
PRACTICES
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CFP APP Your Profile
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CFP APP Your Profile
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FIRST Scenario
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Scenario: User can set up the demographics info
Given I am logged on as a user
And I don’t have demographics info
And I am on the edit profile page
When I fill in “female” for “Gender identity”
And I fill in “asian” for “Ethnicity”
And I select “USA” under “Country”
And I click on the Save button
Then my demographics info is updated
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FIRST Scenario
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Scenario: User can set up the demographics info
Given I am logged on as a user
And I don’t have demographics info
And I am on the edit profile page
When I fill in “female” for “Gender identity”
And I fill in “asian” for “Ethnicity”
And I select “USA” under “Country”
And I click on the Save button
Then my demographics info is updated
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STATE Transition
Pre-State Post-State
Trigger
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FIRST Scenario
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Scenario: User can set up the demographics info
Given I am logged on as a user
And I don’t have demographics info
And I am on the edit profile page
When I fill in “female” for “Gender identity”
And I fill in “asian” for “Ethnicity”
And I select “USA” under “Country”
And I click on the Save button
Then my demographics info is updated
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FIRST Scenario
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Scenario: User can set up the demographics info
Given I am logged on as a user
And I don’t have demographics info
And I am on the edit profile page
And I fill in “female” for “Gender identity”
And I fill in “asian” for “Ethnicity”
And I select “USA” under “Country”
When I click on the Save button
Then my demographics info is updated
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DON’T Test the UI
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Scenario: User can set up the demographics info
Given I am logged on as a user
And I don’t have demographics info
And I am on the edit profile page
And I fill in “female” for “Gender identity”
And I fill in “asian” for “Ethnicity”
And I select “USA” under “Country”
When I click on the Save button
Then my demographics info is updated
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DON’T Test the UI
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Scenario: User can set up the demographics info
Given I am logged on as a user
And I don’t have demographics info
And I am on the edit profile page
And I set up my demographics info
When I click on the Save button
Then my demographics info is updated
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DON’T Test the UI
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Scenario: User can set up the demographics info
Given I am logged on as a user
And I don’t have demographics info
And I am on the edit profile page
And I set up my demographics info
When I click on the Save button
Then my demographics info is updated
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DON’T Test the UI
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Scenario: User can set up the demographics info
Given I am logged on as a user
And I don’t have demographics info
And I am on the edit profile page
And I set up my demographics info
When I submit the profile form
Then my demographics info is updated
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STRUCTURE of a Scenario
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Scenario: User can set up the demographics info
Given I am logged on as a user
And I don’t have demographics info
And I am on the edit profile page
And I set up my demographics info
When I submit the profile form
Then my demographics info is updated
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STRUCTURE of a Scenario
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Scenario: User can set up the demographics info
Given I am logged on as a user # Set up test persona
And I don’t have demographics info
And I am on the edit profile page
And I set up my demographics info
When I submit the profile form
Then my demographics info is updated
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STRUCTURE of a Scenario
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Scenario: User can set up the demographics info
Given I am logged on as a user # Set up test persona
And I don’t have demographics info # Set the context
And I am on the edit profile page
And I set up my demographics info
When I submit the profile form
Then my demographics info is updated
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STRUCTURE of a Scenario
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Scenario: User can set up the demographics info
Given I am logged on as a user # Set up test persona
And I don’t have demographics info # Set the context
And I am on the edit profile page # Visit the page
And I set up my demographics info
When I submit the profile form
Then my demographics info is updated
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STRUCTURE of a Scenario
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Scenario: User can set up the demographics info
Given I am logged on as a user # Set up test persona
And I don’t have demographics info # Set the context
And I am on the edit profile page # Visit the page
And I set up my demographics info # Perform action
When I submit the profile form
Then my demographics info is updated
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STRUCTURE of a Scenario
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Scenario: User can set up the demographics info
Given I am logged on as a user # Set up test persona
And I don’t have demographics info # Set the context
And I am on the edit profile page # Visit the page
And I set up my demographics info # Perform action
When I submit the profile form # Trigger state change
Then my demographics info is updated
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STRUCTURE of a Scenario
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Scenario: User can set up the demographics info
Given I am logged on as a user # Set up test persona
And I don’t have demographics info # Set the context
And I am on the edit profile page # Visit the page
And I set up my demographics info # Perform action
When I submit the profile form # Trigger state change
Then my demographics info is updated # Verify post-state
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SIX TYPES of Steps.
Set up the test persona
Set up the the context
Visit the page
Perform the action
Trigger state transition
Verify post-state
1
2
3
4
5
6
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SIX TYPES of Steps.
Set up the test persona
Set up the the context
Visit the page
Perform the action
Trigger state transition
Verify post-state
1
2
3
4
5
6
Given I am logged on as an admin
And my organization has 3 users
And I am on the users page
When I delete a user
Then my organization has 2 users
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CFP APP Your Profile
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SECOND Scenario
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Scenario: User can set up the demographics info
Given I am logged on as a user
And I don’t have demographics info
And I am on the edit profile page
And I set up my demographics info
When I submit the profile form
Then my demographics info is updated
Scenario: User can set up the bio
Given I am logged on as a user
And I don’t have a bio
And I am on the edit profile page
And I set up my bio
When I submit the profile form
Then my bio is updated
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USE TEXT for Clarity
Feature: A user can set the profile information
A user can set up both the demographics info and bio using
the same form.
Scenario: User can set up the demographics info
Given I am logged on as a user
And I don’t have demographics info
And I am on the edit profile page
And I set up my demographics info
When I submit the profile form
Then my demographics info is updated
Scenario: User can set up the bio
Given I am logged on as a user
And I don’t have a bio
And I am on the edit profile page
And I set up my bio
When I submit the profile form
Then my bio is updated
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COMMON Background
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Scenario: User can set up the demographics info
Given I am logged on as a user
And I don’t have demographics info
And I am on the edit profile page
And I set up my demographics info
When I submit the profile form
Then my demographics info is updated
Scenario: User can set up the bio
Given I am logged on as a user
And I don’t have a bio
And I am on the edit profile page
And I set up my bio
When I submit the profile form
Then my bio is updated
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COMMON Background
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Scenario: User can set up the demographics info
Given I am logged on as a user
And my profile info is not set up
And I am on the edit profile page
And I set up my demographics info
When I submit the profile form
Then my demographics info is updated
Scenario: User can set up the bio
Given I am logged on as a user
And my profile info is not set up
And I am on the edit profile page
And I set up my bio
When I submit the profile form
Then my bio is updated
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COMMON Background
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Scenario: User can set up the demographics info
Given I am logged on as a user
And my profile info is not set up
And I am on the edit profile page
And I set up my demographics info
When I submit the profile form
Then my demographics info is updated
Scenario: User can set up the bio
Given I am logged on as a user
And my profile info is not set up
And I am on the edit profile page
And I set up my bio
When I submit the profile form
Then my bio is updated
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COMMON Background
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Background:
Given I am logged on as a user
And my profile info is not set up
And I am on the edit profile page
Scenario: User can set up the demographics info
Given I set up my demographics info
When I submit the profile form
Then my demographics info is updated
Scenario: User can set up the bio
Given I set up my bio
When I submit the profile form
Then my bio is updated
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DRY-ing up Scenarios
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Background:
Given I am logged on as a user
And my profile info is not set up
And I am on the edit profile page
Scenario: User can set up the demographics info
Given I set up my demographics info
When I submit the profile form
Then my demographics info is updated
Scenario: User can set up the bio
Given I set up my bio
When I submit the profile form
Then my bio is updated
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SCENARIO Outline
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Background:
Given I am logged on as a user
And my profile info is not set up
And I am on the edit profile page
Scenario Outline: User can set up the profile information
Given I set up my
When I submit the profile form
Then my is updated
Examples:
| subject |
| demographics info |
| bio |
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YOU MIGHT BE DOING IT WRONG
CUCUMBER AIN’T BAD.
GHERKIN
BEST
PRACTICES
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YOU MIGHT BE DOING IT WRONG
CUCUMBER AIN’T BAD.
GHERKIN
BEST
PRACTICES
CUCUMBER
STEP
DEFINITION
RECIPES
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EXECUTING the Feature
$: bin/cucumber features/profile.feature
Using the default profile...
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Background:
Given I am logged on as a user
Undefined step: "I am logged on as a user”
features/profile.feature:4:in `Given I am logged on as a user'
And my profile info is not set up
Undefined step: "I my profile info is not set up”
features/profile.feature:5:in `And I my profile info is not
set up'
And I am on the edit profile page
Undefined step: "I am on the edit profile page"
features/profile.feature:6:in `And I am on the edit profile page'
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EXECUTING the Feature
You can implement step definitions for undefined steps with these
snippets:
Given(/^I am logged on as a user$/) do
pending # express the regexp above with the code you wish you had
end
Given(/^I my profile info is not set up$/) do
pending # express the regexp above with the code you wish you had
end
Given(/^I am on the edit profile page$/) do
pending # express the regexp above with the code you wish you had
end
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SET UP the Test Persona
Given(/^I am logged on as a user$/) do
@user = FactoryGirl.create(:person)
login_user(@user)
end
def login_user(user)
allow(Person).to receive(:authenticate)
.and_return(‘developer’, user)
allow(Person).to receive(:find_by_id).and_return(user)
Person.authenticate(user)
end
$: cat features/step_definitions/profile_steps.rb
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USE Factories
Given(/^I am logged on as a user$/) do
@user = FactoryGirl.create(:person)
login_user(@user)
end
def login_user(user)
allow(Person).to receive(:authenticate)
.and_return(‘developer’, user)
allow(Person).to receive(:find_by_id).and_return(user)
Person.authenticate(user)
end
$: cat features/step_definitions/profile_steps.rb
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EXECUTING the Feature
$: bin/cucumber features/profile.feature
Using the default profile...
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Background:
Given I am logged on as a user
And my profile info is not set up
Undefined step: "I my profile info is not set up”
features/profile.feature:5:in `And I my profile info is not
set up'
And I am on the edit profile page
Undefined step: "I am on the edit profile page"
features/profile.feature:6:in `And I am on the edit profile page'
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SET UP the Context
Given(/^I am logged on as a user$/) do
@user = FactoryGirl.create(:person)
login_user(@user)
end
Given(/^my profile info is not set up$/) do
@user.demographics[‘gender’] = nil
@user.demographics[‘ethnicity’] = nil
@user.demographics[‘country’] = nil
@user.save!
end
$: cat features/step_definitions/profile_steps.rb
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FAIL Fast
Given(/^I am logged on as a user$/) do
@user = FactoryGirl.create(:person)
login_user(@user)
end
Given(/^my profile info is not set up$/) do
@user.demographics[‘gender’] = nil
@user.demographics[‘ethnicity’] = nil
@user.demographics[‘country’] = nil
@user.save!
end
$: cat features/step_definitions/profile_steps.rb
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EXECUTING the Feature
$: bin/cucumber features/profile.feature
Using the default profile...
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Background:
Given I am logged on as a user
And my profile info is not set up
And I am on the edit profile page
Undefined step: "I am on the edit profile page"
features/profile.feature:6:in `And I am on the edit profile page'
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COUPLING Between Steps
Given(/^I am logged on as a user$/) do
@user = FactoryGirl.create(:person)
login_user(@user)
end
Given(/^my profile info is not set up$/) do
@user.demographics[‘gender’] = nil
@user.demographics[‘ethnicity’] = nil
@user.demographics[‘country’] = nil
@user.save!
end
$: cat features/step_definitions/profile_steps.rb
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COUPLING Between Steps
Given(/^I am logged on as a user$/) do
@user = FactoryGirl.create(:person)
login_user(@user)
end
Given(/^my profile info is not set up$/) do
user = Person.last
user.demographics[‘gender’] = nil
user.demographics[‘ethnicity’] = nil
user.demographics[‘country’] = nil
user.save!
end
$: cat features/step_definitions/profile_steps.rb
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STATELESS Step Definitions
Given(/^I am logged on as a user$/) do
user = FactoryGirl.create(:person)
login_user(user)
end
Given(/^my profile info is not set up$/) do
user = Person.last
user.demographics[‘gender’] = nil
user.demographics[‘ethnicity’] = nil
user.demographics[‘country’] = nil
user.save!
end
$: cat features/step_definitions/profile_steps.rb
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EXECUTING the Feature
$: bin/cucumber features/profile.feature
Using the default profile...
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Background:
Given I am logged on as a user
And my profile info is not set up
And I am on the edit profile page
Undefined step: "I am on the edit profile page"
features/profile.feature:6:in `And I am on the edit profile page'
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CLEAN UP the DB
Given(/^I am logged on as a user$/) do
user = FactoryGirl.create(:person)
login_user(user)
end
Given(/^my profile info is not set up$/) do
p “Number of users: %s” % Person.count
user = Person.last
user.demographics[‘gender’] = nil
user.demographics[‘ethnicity’] = nil
user.demographics[‘country’] = nil
user.save!
end
$: cat features/step_definitions/profile_steps.rb
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EXECUTING the Feature
$: bin/cucumber features/profile.feature
Using the default profile...
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Background:
Given I am logged on as a user
And my profile info is not set up
Number of users: 1
And I am on the edit profile page
Undefined step: "I am on the edit profile page"
features/profile.feature:6:in `And I am on the edit profile page'
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EXECUTING the Feature - Again
$: bin/cucumber features/profile.feature
Using the default profile...
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Background:
Given I am logged on as a user
And my profile info is not set up
Number of users: 1
And I am on the edit profile page
Undefined step: "I am on the edit profile page"
features/profile.feature:6:in `And I am on the edit profile page'
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USE Database Cleaner
begin
DatabaseCleaner.strategy = :transaction
rescue NameError
raise "You need to add database_cleaner to your Gemfile
(in the :test group) if you wish to use it."
end
$: cat features/support/env.rb
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FAST LOADING Seed Data
Before do
Helper::AddsSeedData.execute
end
module Helper
class AddsSeedData
def self.execute
config = Rails.configuration.database_configuration
database = config[Rails.env].fetch(“database”)
username = config[Rails.env].fetch(“username”)
insert_script = “psql -q -d #{database}
--username #{username}
-f db/data/add_superadmin.dump >
/dev/ null -h localhost”
system(insert_script)
end
end
end
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DOING Work for the Model
Given(/^I am logged on as a user$/) do
user = FactoryGirl.create(:person)
login_user(user)
end
Given(/^my profile info is not set up$/) do
user = Person.last
user.demographics[‘gender’] = nil
user.demographics[‘ethnicity’] = nil
user.demographics[‘country’] = nil
user.save!
end
$: cat features/step_definitions/profile_steps.rb
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MOVE Logic to the Model
class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
...
def clear_demographics_info
self.demographics[‘gender’] = nil
self.demographics[‘ethnicity’] = nil
self.demographics[‘country’] = nil
end
end
$: cat app/models/person.rb
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DELEGATE Logic to Models
Given(/^I am logged on as a user$/) do
user = FactoryGirl.create(:person)
login_user(user)
end
Given(/^my profile info is not set up$/) do
user = Person.last
user.clear_demographics_info
user.save!
end
$: cat features/step_definitions/profile_steps.rb
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VISIT the Page
Given(/^I am logged on as a user$/) do
user = FactoryGirl.create(:person)
login_user(user)
end
Given(/^my profile info is not set up$/) do
user = Person.last
user.clear_demographics_info
user.save!
end
Given(/^I am on the edit profile page$/) do
page.visit edit_profile_path
end
$: cat features/step_definitions/profile_steps.rb
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EXECUTING the Feature
$: bin/cucumber features/profile.feature
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Background:
Given I am logged on as a user
And my profile info is not set up
And I am on the edit profile page
Scenario Outline: A user can add profile information
Given I set up my
When I submit the profile form
Then my is updated
Examples:
| subject |
| demographics info |
Undefined step: "I set up my demographics info"
| bio |
Undefined step: "I set up my bio"
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PERFORM Action
...
Given(/^I am on the edit profile page$/) do
page.visit edit_profile_path
end
Given(/^I set up my demographics info$/) do
page.fill_in ‘person[gender]’, with: ‘female’
page.fill_in ‘person[ethnicity]’, with: ‘Asian’
page.select(‘United States of America’, from: ’person[country]’)
end
$: cat features/step_definitions/profile_steps.rb
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EXECUTING the Feature
$: bin/cucumber features/profile.feature
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Background:
Given I am logged on as a user
And my profile info is not set up
And I am on the edit profile page
Scenario Outline: A user can add profile information
Given I set up my
When I submit the profile form
Then my is updated
Examples:
| subject |
| demographics info |
Undefined step: "I submit the profile form"
| bio |
Undefined step: "I set up my bio"
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TRIGGER State Change
...
Given(/^I am on the edit profile page$/) do
page.visit edit_profile_path
end
Given(/^I set up my demographics info$/) do
page.fill_in ‘person[gender]’, with: ‘female’
page.fill_in ‘person[ethnicity]’, with: ‘Asian’
page.select(‘United States of America’, from: ’person[country]’)
end
When(/^I submit the profile form$/) do
page.click_button 'Save'
end
$: cat features/step_definitions/profile_steps.rb
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EXECUTING the Feature
$: bin/cucumber features/profile.feature
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Background:
Given I am logged on as a user
And my profile info is not set up
And I am on the edit profile page
Scenario Outline: A user can add profile information
Given I set up my
When I submit the profile form
Then my is updated
Examples:
| subject |
| demographics info |
Undefined step: "my demographics info is updated"
| bio |
Undefined step: "I set up my bio"
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USE ID Not Label
...
Given(/^I am on the edit profile page$/) do
page.visit edit_profile_path
end
Given(/^I set up my demographics info$/) do
page.fill_in ‘person[gender]’, with: ‘female’
page.fill_in ‘person[ethnicity]’, with: ‘Asian’
page.select(‘United States of America’, from: ’person[country]’)
end
When(/^I submit the profile form$/) do
page.click_button 'Save'
end
$: cat features/step_definitions/profile_steps.rb
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USE ID Not Label
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USE IDs Not Labels
...
Given(/^I am on the edit profile page$/) do
page.visit edit_profile_path
end
Given(/^I set up my demographics info$/) do
page.fill_in ‘person[gender]’, with: ‘female’
page.fill_in ‘person[ethnicity]’, with: ‘Asian’
page.select(‘United States of America’, from: ’person[country]’)
end
When(/^I submit the profile form$/) do
page.click_button ‘submit_profile’
end
$: cat features/step_definitions/profile_steps.rb
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EXECUTING the Feature
$: bin/cucumber features/profile.feature
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Background:
Given I am logged on as a user
And my profile info is not set up
And I am on the edit profile page
Scenario Outline: A user can add profile information
Given I set up my
When I submit the profile form
Then my is updated
Examples:
| subject |
| demographics info |
Undefined step: "my demographics info is updated"
| bio |
Undefined step: "I set up my bio"
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VERIFY Post-State
...
Given(/^I set up my demographics info$/) do
page.fill_in ‘person[gender]’, with: ‘female’
page.fill_in ‘person[ethnicity]’, with: ‘Asian’
page.select(‘United States of America’, from: ’person[country]’)
end
When(/^I submit the profile form$/) do
page.click_button ‘submit_profile‘
end
Then(/^my demographics info is updated$/) do
user = Person.last
expect(user.demographics[‘gender’]).to eq(‘female’)
expect(user.demographics[‘ethnicity’]).to eq(‘Asian’)
expect(user.demographics[‘country’]).to
eq(‘United States of America’)
end
$: cat features/step_definitions/profile_steps.rb
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EXECUTING the Feature
$: bin/cucumber features/profile.feature
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Background:
Given I am logged on as a user
And my profile info is not set up
And I am on the edit profile page
Scenario Outline: A user can add profile information
Given I set up my
When I submit the profile form
Then my is updated
Examples:
| subject |
| demographics info |
| bio |
Undefined step: "I set up my bio"
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DUPLICATED Logic
...
Given(/^I set up my demographics info$/) do
page.fill_in ‘person[gender]’, with: ‘female’
page.fill_in ‘person[ethnicity]’, with: ‘Asian’
page.select(‘United States of America’, from: ’person[country]’)
end
When(/^I submit the profile form$/) do
page.click_button ‘submit_profile‘
end
Then(/^my demographics info is updated$/) do
user = Person.last
expect(user.demographics[‘gender’]).to eq(‘female’)
expect(user.demographics[‘ethnicity’]).to eq(‘Asian’)
expect(user.demographics[‘country’]).to
eq(‘United States of America’)
end
$: cat features/step_definitions/profile_steps.rb
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DUPLICATED Logic
...
Given(/^I set up my demographics info$/) do
page.fill_in ‘person[gender]’,
with: ProfilePageHelper.demographics_info.fetch(:gender)
page.fill_in ‘person[ethnicity]’,
with: ProfilePageHelper.demographics_info.fetch(:ethnicity)
page.select(ProfilePageHelper.demographics_info.fetch(:country),
from: ’person[country]’)
end
module ProfilePageHelper
def self.demographics_info
{ gender: ‘female’,
ethnicity: ‘Asian’,
country: ‘United States of America’ }
end
end
$: cat features/step_definitions/profile_steps.rb
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DUPLICATED Logic
...
Given(/^I set up my demographics info$/) do
page.fill_in ‘person[gender]’,
with: ProfilePageHelper.demographics_info.fetch(:gender)
page.fill_in ‘person[ethnicity]’,
with: ProfilePageHelper.demographics_info.fetch(:ethnicity)
page.select(ProfilePageHelper.demographics_info.fetch(:country),
from: ’person[country]’)
end
module ProfilePageHelper
def self.demographics_info
{ gender: ‘female’,
ethnicity: ‘Asian’,
country: ‘United States of America’ }
end
end
$: cat features/step_definitions/profile_steps.rb
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INTRODUCING the Page Object.
Page
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INTRODUCING the Page Object.
Page
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class ProfilePage
attr_reader :page
def initialize(page)
@page = page
end
def set_up_demographics_info(args={})
demographics_info = self.default_demographics_info.merge(args)
page.fill_in ‘person[gender]’,
with: demographics_info.fetch(:gender)
page.fill_in ‘person[ethnicity]’,
with: demographics_info.fetch(:ethnicity)
page.select(demographics_info.fetch(:country),
from: ‘person[country]’)
end
def self.default_demographics_info
{ gender: ‘female’, ethnicity: ‘Asian’,
country: ‘United States of America’ }
end
end
$: cat features/step_definitions/profile_steps.rb
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SET the Demographics Info
...
Given(/^I set up my demographics info$/) do
ProfilePage.new(page).set_up_demographics_info
end
Then(/^my demographics info is updated$/) do
demographics_info = ProfilePage.default_demographics_info
user = Person.last
expect(user.demographics[‘gender’]).to \
eq(demographics_info.fetch(:gender))
expect(user.demographics[‘ethnicity’]).to \
eq(demographics_info.fetch(:ethnicity))
expect(user.demographics[‘country’]).to \
eq(demographics_info.fetch(:country))
end
$: cat features/step_definitions/profile_steps.rb
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GET the Default Data
...
Given(/^I set up my demographics info$/) do
ProfilePage.new(page).set_up_demographics_info
end
Then(/^my demographics info is updated$/) do
demographics_info = ProfilePage.default_demographics_info
user = Person.last
expect(user.demographics[‘gender’]).to \
eq(demographics_info.fetch(:gender))
expect(user.demographics[‘ethnicity’]).to \
eq(demographics_info.fetch(:ethnicity))
expect(user.demographics[‘country’]).to \
eq(demographics_info.fetch(:country))
end
$: cat features/step_definitions/profile_steps.rb
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EXECUTING the Feature
$: bin/cucumber features/profile.feature
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Background:
Given I am logged on as a user
And my profile info is not set up
And I am on the edit profile page
Scenario Outline: A user can add profile information
Given I set up my
When I submit the profile form
Then my is updated
Examples:
| subject |
| demographics info |
| bio |
Undefined step: "I set up my bio"
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HANDLING Bio
class ProfilePage
attr_reader :page
...
def set_up_bio(bio=self.class.default_bio)
page.fill_in(‘Bio’, with: bio)
end
def self.default_bio
“My default bio.”
end
end
$: cat features/step_definitions/profile_steps.rb
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ADDING Remaining Steps
Given(/^my profile info is not set up$/) do
user = Person.last
user.clear_demographics_info
user.bio = nil
user.save!
end
Given(/^I set up my bio$/) do
ProfilePage.new(page).set_up_bio
end
Given(/^my bio is updated$/) do
user = Person.last
expect(user.bio).to eq(ProfilePage.default_bio)
end
$: cat features/step_definitions/profile_steps.rb
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EXECUTING the Feature
$: bin/cucumber features/profile.feature
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Background:
Given I am logged on as a user
And my profile info is not set up
And I am on the edit profile page
Scenario Outline: A user can add profile information
Given I set up my
When I submit the profile form
Then my is updated
Examples:
| subject |
| demographics info |
| bio |
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CLEARING Bio with the Model
Given(/^my profile info is not set up$/) do
user = Person.last
user.clear_demographics_info
user.bio = nil
user.save!
end
Given(/^I set up my bio$/) do
ProfilePage.new(page).set_up_bio
end
Given(/^my bio is updated$/) do
user = Person.last
expect(user.bio).to eq(ProfilePage.default_bio)
end
$: cat features/step_definitions/profile_steps.rb
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MOVE Logic to the Model
class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
...
def clear_demographics_info
self.demographics[‘gender’] = nil
self.demographics[‘ethnicity’] = nil
self.demographics[‘country’] = nil
self.bio = nil
end
end
$: cat app/models/person.rb
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RENAME Method
class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
...
def clear_demographics_info
self.demographics[‘gender’] = nil
self.demographics[‘ethnicity’] = nil
self.demographics[‘country’] = nil
self.bio = nil
end
end
$: cat app/models/person.rb
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RENAME Method
class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
...
def clear_profile_info
self.demographics[‘gender’] = nil
self.demographics[‘ethnicity’] = nil
self.demographics[‘country’] = nil
self.bio = nil
end
end
$: cat app/models/person.rb
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CLEARING Bio with the Model
Given(/^my profile info is not set up$/) do
user = Person.last
user.clear_profile_info
user.save!
end
Given(/^I set up my bio$/) do
ProfilePage.new(page).set_up_bio
end
Given(/^my bio is updated$/) do
user = Person.last
expect(user.bio).to eq(ProfilePage.default_bio)
end
$: cat features/step_definitions/profile_steps.rb
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EXECUTING the Feature
$: bin/cucumber features/profile.feature
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Background:
Given I am logged on as a user
And my profile info is not set up
And I am on the edit profile page
Scenario Outline: A user can add profile information
Given I set up my
When I submit the profile form
Then my is updated
Examples:
| subject |
| demographics info |
| bio |
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SOMETHING Goes Wrong
$: bin/cucumber features/profile.feature
Background:
Given I am logged on as a user
And my profile info is not set up
And I am on the edit profile page
Scenario Outline: A user can add profile information
Given I set up my
When I submit the profile form
Then my is updated
Examples:
| subject |
| demographics info |
key not found: :gender (KeyError)
./features/step_definitions/profile_steps.rb:34:in `fetch'
./features/step_definitions/profile_steps.rb:34:in `/^my
demographics info is updated$/'
features/profile.feature:11:in `Then my is updated'
| bio |
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PAUSE to Look Around
Feature: A user can set the profile information
Background:
Given I am logged on as a user
And my profile info is not set up
And I am on the edit profile page
@pause
Scenario Outline: User can set up the profile information
Given I set up my
When I submit the profile form
Then my is updated
Examples:
| subject |
| demographics info |
| bio |
$: cat features/profile.feature
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AFTER STEP Pause
AfterStep(‘@pause’) do
print “Press Return to continue…”
STDIN.getc
end
$: cat features/support/hooks.rb
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PAUSE to Look Around
$: bin/cucumber features/profile.feature
Background:
Press Return to continue...
Given I am logged on as a user
Press Return to continue...
And my profile info is not set up
Press Return to continue...
And I am on the edit profile page
...
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CLEAN UP Unused Steps
$: bin/cucumber -d -f usage
Using the default profile...
-------------------
/^I am a user$/ # login_steps.rb:1
Given I am a user # login.feature:4
/^I am logged on as a user$/ # profile_steps.rb:1
Given I am logged on as a user # events.feature:4
Given I am logged on as a user # profile.feature:4
/^I am logged on as an admin$/ # profile_steps.rb:6
NOT MATCHED BY ANY STEPS
/^I am logged on as an organizer$/ # events_steps.rb:6
Given I am logged on as an organizer # events.feature:10
. . .
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REMOVE Unused Steps
Given(/^I am logged on as a user$/) do
user = FactoryGirl.create(:person)
login_user(user)
end
Given(/^I am logged on as an admin$/) do
# Not sure what to do with this just yet
end
$: cat features/step_definitions/profile_steps.rb
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AT HIREOLOGY
STATE OF CUCUMBER.
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AT HIREOLOGY
STATE OF CUCUMBER.
144 scenarios (144 passed)
915 steps (915 passed)
7m37.653s
# of Scenarios
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AT HIREOLOGY
STATE OF CUCUMBER.
144 scenarios (144 passed)
915 steps (915 passed)
7m37.653s
# of Scenarios
Total Flog Value
3504 for step definitions
773 for page objects
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AT HIREOLOGY
STATE OF CUCUMBER.
144 scenarios (144 passed)
915 steps (915 passed)
7m37.653s
# of Scenarios
Total Flog Value
3504 for step definitions
773 for page objects
# of Files
48 step definition files
51 page object files
77 feature files
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TALKING to External Services
Background Check API
Payment Gateway
Other APIs
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SIMULATING External Services
...
When(/^I submit the order$/) do
VCR.use_cassette(‘purchasing an item’) do
Pages.make(Checkout::OrderPreview).submit
end
end
...
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RUN TESTS in Isolation
...
When(/^I submit the order$/) do
VCR.use_cassette(‘purchasing an item’) do
Pages.make(Checkout::OrderPreview).submit
end
end
...
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CUCUMBER is Not For Testing
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SAD Realization
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CUCUMBER IS NOT A TOOL
FOR TESTING APPLICATIONS.
CUCUMBER IS A PHILOSOPHY FOR
COMMUNICATING REQUIREMENTS.
~ Robert C. Martin (Uncle Bob)
“
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Always start with acceptance tests
Scenarios are state transitions
Don’t test the UI, verify the behavior
Scenarios have structure
Use free-form text to describe scenarios
Use cucumber for discovering requirements
SUMMARY
FOR GHERKIN
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Use factories to set up your data
Keep step definitions stateless
Reset the DB to a known state
Find DOM elements by IDs, not by labels
Abstract UI volatility into page objects
Simulate external services in your tests
SUMMARY
FOR STEP DEFINITIONS
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18:00 PM READY TO GO HOME
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FOR YOUR ATTENTION
THANK YOU
EXIT
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